国产结构用铝合金低温力学性能试验研究
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摘要
为弥补目前国内外对结构用铝合金低温力学性能试验研究的不足,完成了国产结构用铝合金6082-T6、6N01-T6、6061-T6和6061-T4的低温恒温加载试验.试验测得4种牌号铝合金在-120～20℃下的抗拉极限强度、名义屈服强度、延伸率和断面收缩率等力学性能指标.试验结果表明,低温下铝合金会出现加工硬化现象,其抗拉极限强度和名义屈服强度均有所增加,但断后延伸率以及断面收缩率的变化规律不明显.通过试验数据拟合,得到4种牌号铝合金力学性能指标的低温提高系数的计算式.最后,将提高系数计算式与美国规范建议值进行比较,结果表明美国规范较为保守.
To complement the insufficient experimental study on the mechanical behavior of aluminum alloy at low temperature, tensile tests of Chinese structural aluminum alloy 6082-T6, 6 N01-T6, 6061-T6, and 6061-T4 under constant low temperatures were carried out, and their mechanical properties including the ultimate tensile strength, nominal yield strength, elongation rate and section shrinkage were obtained at different temperatures that range from-120 to 20 ℃. It is found that material hardening of the aluminum alloy occurs at low temperatures,leading to the increase of the ultimate tensile strength and nominal yield strength. However, the change rule of the elongation rate and section shrinkage is not clear. The increasing factor formulae of the mechanical properties for the4 kinds of aluminum alloy at low temperatures were derived through a numerical fitting method. Moreover, the fitting formulae were compared with the corresponding formula prescribed in American standard. The results demonstrate that the American standard method provides more conservative estimation
To complement the insufficient experimental study on the mechanical behavior of aluminum alloy at low temperature, tensile tests of Chinese structural aluminum alloy 6082-T6, 6 N01-T6, 6061-T6, and 6061-T4 under constant low temperatures were carried out, and their mechanical properties including the ultimate tensile strength, nominal yield strength, elongation rate and section shrinkage were obtained at different temperatures that range from-120 to 20 ℃. It is found that material hardening of the aluminum alloy occurs at low temperatures,leading to the increase of the ultimate tensile strength and nominal yield strength. However, the change rule of the elongation rate and section shrinkage is not clear. The increasing factor formulae of the mechanical properties for the4 kinds of aluminum alloy at low temperatures were derived through a numerical fitting method. Moreover, the fitting formulae were compared with the corresponding formula prescribed in American standard. The results demonstrate that the American standard method provides more conservative estimation
引文
[1]陈鼎,陈振华.铝合金在低温下的力学性能[J].宇航材料工艺,2000,30(4):1—7.CHEN D,CHEN Z H. Mechanical properties of pure aluminum alloys at cryogenic temperatures[J]. Aerospace Materials&Technology,2000,30(4):1—7.(In Chinese)
[2] KHALIFA T A,MAHMOUD T S. Elevated temperature mechanical properties of Al alloy AA6063/SiCp MMCs[C]//Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering.London,2009:1557—1562.
[3] KAUFMAN J G. Properties of aluminum alloys:tensile,creep,and fatigue data at high and low temperatures[J]. ASM International,1999,23(9):668—670.
[4] MALJAARS J,SOETENSF,SNIJDER H H. Local buckling of aluminium structures exposed to fire.Part1:tests[J]. Thin-walled Structures,2009,47(11):1404—1417.
[5] DORN J E. Some fundamental experiments on high temperature creep[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,1954,3:85—116.
[6] HARMATHY T Z. A comprehensive creep model[J]. Journal of Basic Engineering,1967,89:496—502.
[7] BS EN1999-1-2:2007 Eurocode 9 Design of aluminum structures-part1-2:general rules-structural fire design[S]. London:European Committee for Standardization,2007:19—20.
[8] The Aluminum Association. Aluminum design manual[S]. 8th ed.Washington DC:Aluminum Association,2005:V—33.
[9] YIN J,LU J,MA H,et al. Nanostructural formation of fine grained aluminum alloy by severe plastic deformation at cryogenic temperature[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2004,39(8):2851—2854.
[10] BAUDOUY B,FOUR A. Low temperature thermal conductivity of aluminum alloy 5056[J]. Cryogenics,2014,60(2):1—4.
[11]SCHNEIDER R,HEINE B,GRANT R J,et al. Mechanical behaviour of aircraft relevant aluminium wrought alloys at low temperatures[J]. Journal of Materials Design&Applications,2013,229(2):126—136.
[12]郭小农,沈祖炎,李元齐,等.国产结构用铝合金材料本构关系及物理力学性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2007,28(6):110—117.GUO X N,SHEN Z Y,LI Y Q,et al. Stress-strain relationship and physical-mechanical properties of domestic structural aluminum alloy[J]. Journal of Building Structures,2007,28(6):110—117.(In Chinese)
[13]彭航,蒋首超,赵媛媛.建筑用6061-T6系铝合金高温下力学性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(7):46—49.PENG H,JIANG S C,ZHAO Y Y. Experimental study on the mechanical property of structural Al-alloy at elevated temperatures[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(7):46—49.(In Chinese)
[14]张辉,罗松,蒋福林.连续挤压Al-1.1Mg-0.3Cu合金的拉伸性能和加工硬化行为[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(6):60—65.ZHANG H,LUO S,JIANG F L. Tensile properties and work hardening behavior of continuos-extruded Al-1.1Mg-0.3Cu alloy[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2015,42(6):60—65.(In Chinese)
[15]孟立春,刘春辉,赖玉香,等. 6N01-7N01铝合金T型焊接接头的微观组织与性能的研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,44(12):20—26.MENG L C,LIU C H,LAI Y X,et al. The heterogeneity in microstructure and property of the welded joints between 6N01 and7N01 aluminum alloys[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2017,44(12):20—26.(In Chinese)
[16]刘瑛,张新明,李慧忠,等. 2519铝合金的低温拉伸力学性能[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,37(4):641—645.LIU Y,ZHANG X M,LI H Z,et al. Tensile properties of 2519 aluminum alloy at low temperature[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2006,37(4):641—645.(In Chinese)
[17]程丽霞.低温处理对3105铝合金组织和性能的影响[D].重庆:西南大学材料与能源学部,2013:27—39.CHEN L X.Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure and properties of 3105 aluminum alloy[D]. Chongqing:Faculty of Materials and Energy,Southwest University,2013:27—39.(In Chinese)
[18]蒋显全,蒋诗琪,齐宝,等.铝合金高低温力学性能研究及应用前景[J].世界有色金属,2015(10):20—25.JIANG X Q,JIANG S Q,QI B,et al. The study and application prospect on low-temperature mechanical properties of aluminium alloy[J]. World Nonferrous Metals,2015(10):20—25.(In Chinese)
[19]GB/T 13239—2006金属材料低温拉伸试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006:5—11.GB/T 13239—2006 Metallic materials-tensile testing at low temperature[S]. Beijing:China Standard Press,2006:5—11.(In Chinese)
[20] WIGLEY D A. Mechanical properties of materials at low temperatures[J]. Strength of Materials,1971,8(3):286—291.
[2] KHALIFA T A,MAHMOUD T S. Elevated temperature mechanical properties of Al alloy AA6063/SiCp MMCs[C]//Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering.London,2009:1557—1562.
[3] KAUFMAN J G. Properties of aluminum alloys:tensile,creep,and fatigue data at high and low temperatures[J]. ASM International,1999,23(9):668—670.
[4] MALJAARS J,SOETENSF,SNIJDER H H. Local buckling of aluminium structures exposed to fire.Part1:tests[J]. Thin-walled Structures,2009,47(11):1404—1417.
[5] DORN J E. Some fundamental experiments on high temperature creep[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,1954,3:85—116.
[6] HARMATHY T Z. A comprehensive creep model[J]. Journal of Basic Engineering,1967,89:496—502.
[7] BS EN1999-1-2:2007 Eurocode 9 Design of aluminum structures-part1-2:general rules-structural fire design[S]. London:European Committee for Standardization,2007:19—20.
[8] The Aluminum Association. Aluminum design manual[S]. 8th ed.Washington DC:Aluminum Association,2005:V—33.
[9] YIN J,LU J,MA H,et al. Nanostructural formation of fine grained aluminum alloy by severe plastic deformation at cryogenic temperature[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2004,39(8):2851—2854.
[10] BAUDOUY B,FOUR A. Low temperature thermal conductivity of aluminum alloy 5056[J]. Cryogenics,2014,60(2):1—4.
[11]SCHNEIDER R,HEINE B,GRANT R J,et al. Mechanical behaviour of aircraft relevant aluminium wrought alloys at low temperatures[J]. Journal of Materials Design&Applications,2013,229(2):126—136.
[12]郭小农,沈祖炎,李元齐,等.国产结构用铝合金材料本构关系及物理力学性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2007,28(6):110—117.GUO X N,SHEN Z Y,LI Y Q,et al. Stress-strain relationship and physical-mechanical properties of domestic structural aluminum alloy[J]. Journal of Building Structures,2007,28(6):110—117.(In Chinese)
[13]彭航,蒋首超,赵媛媛.建筑用6061-T6系铝合金高温下力学性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(7):46—49.PENG H,JIANG S C,ZHAO Y Y. Experimental study on the mechanical property of structural Al-alloy at elevated temperatures[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(7):46—49.(In Chinese)
[14]张辉,罗松,蒋福林.连续挤压Al-1.1Mg-0.3Cu合金的拉伸性能和加工硬化行为[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(6):60—65.ZHANG H,LUO S,JIANG F L. Tensile properties and work hardening behavior of continuos-extruded Al-1.1Mg-0.3Cu alloy[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2015,42(6):60—65.(In Chinese)
[15]孟立春,刘春辉,赖玉香,等. 6N01-7N01铝合金T型焊接接头的微观组织与性能的研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,44(12):20—26.MENG L C,LIU C H,LAI Y X,et al. The heterogeneity in microstructure and property of the welded joints between 6N01 and7N01 aluminum alloys[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2017,44(12):20—26.(In Chinese)
[16]刘瑛,张新明,李慧忠,等. 2519铝合金的低温拉伸力学性能[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,37(4):641—645.LIU Y,ZHANG X M,LI H Z,et al. Tensile properties of 2519 aluminum alloy at low temperature[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2006,37(4):641—645.(In Chinese)
[17]程丽霞.低温处理对3105铝合金组织和性能的影响[D].重庆:西南大学材料与能源学部,2013:27—39.CHEN L X.Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure and properties of 3105 aluminum alloy[D]. Chongqing:Faculty of Materials and Energy,Southwest University,2013:27—39.(In Chinese)
[18]蒋显全,蒋诗琪,齐宝,等.铝合金高低温力学性能研究及应用前景[J].世界有色金属,2015(10):20—25.JIANG X Q,JIANG S Q,QI B,et al. The study and application prospect on low-temperature mechanical properties of aluminium alloy[J]. World Nonferrous Metals,2015(10):20—25.(In Chinese)
[19]GB/T 13239—2006金属材料低温拉伸试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006:5—11.GB/T 13239—2006 Metallic materials-tensile testing at low temperature[S]. Beijing:China Standard Press,2006:5—11.(In Chinese)
[20] WIGLEY D A. Mechanical properties of materials at low temperatures[J]. Strength of Materials,1971,8(3):286—291.