含盐土壤不同作物根系分布对水盐分布的影响
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摘要
以相同含盐水平农田种植的紫花苜蓿与玉米为研究对象,研究根系分布变化对水盐分布的影响,为盐渍化土壤紫花苜蓿合理化种植提供参考.结果表明:整个生育期0~100 cm苜蓿平均土壤含水率显著低于玉米,深层60~100 cm土壤平均含水率比玉米低1.98%,其有效利用深层水分.土壤平均储盐量随时间上下波动逐渐减小,二者盐分分布规律不同,苜蓿8月前后浅层土壤盐分均匀分布,玉米主要体现在8月后期.苜蓿脱盐率显著高于玉米,生长后期苜蓿深层根系占比增大,根系分布密集土层,脱盐效果明显.苜蓿细根根长密度与HCO_3~-呈正相关关系,HCO_3~-随根长密度增大而增大,土壤中HCO_3~-可减缓K~++Na~+,Cl~-增加,使作物土壤达到降盐效果.
After farmlands adjusted the planting structure,the root distribution of different crops affected water salt and vertical distribution. Alfalfa and maize planted in the same saline soil were taken as the research objects. The relationship between soil water,salt and root distribution was studied to provide a reference for rationalized cultivation of alfalfa in saline soil. The results show that the average soil moisture content of alfalfa at 0-100 cm is significantly lower than that of maize in the whole growth period,and the average soil moisture content of alfalfa at the depth of 60-100 cm is 1. 98%lower than that of maize,which effectively uses deep water. The average salt accumulation in the soil decreases gradually with time,and their salt distribution is different. The salt content of alfalfa in the shallow soil is evenly distributed around August,but that of maize appears mainly in late August. Thesalt removal rate of alfalfa is significantly higher than that of maize. The proportion of alfalfa deep root system in the late growth stage increases,and the soil layer is densely distributed in the roots,its desalination is obvious. The root length density of alfalfa fine roots is positively correlated with HCO_3~-,and HCO_3~- increases with the increase of root length density. HCO_3~- in soil can reduce the increase of K~++ Na~+ and Cl~-,which causes the desalination of the crop soil.
After farmlands adjusted the planting structure,the root distribution of different crops affected water salt and vertical distribution. Alfalfa and maize planted in the same saline soil were taken as the research objects. The relationship between soil water,salt and root distribution was studied to provide a reference for rationalized cultivation of alfalfa in saline soil. The results show that the average soil moisture content of alfalfa at 0-100 cm is significantly lower than that of maize in the whole growth period,and the average soil moisture content of alfalfa at the depth of 60-100 cm is 1. 98%lower than that of maize,which effectively uses deep water. The average salt accumulation in the soil decreases gradually with time,and their salt distribution is different. The salt content of alfalfa in the shallow soil is evenly distributed around August,but that of maize appears mainly in late August. Thesalt removal rate of alfalfa is significantly higher than that of maize. The proportion of alfalfa deep root system in the late growth stage increases,and the soil layer is densely distributed in the roots,its desalination is obvious. The root length density of alfalfa fine roots is positively correlated with HCO_3~-,and HCO_3~- increases with the increase of root length density. HCO_3~- in soil can reduce the increase of K~++ Na~+ and Cl~-,which causes the desalination of the crop soil.
引文
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[11]何子健,史文娟,杨军强.膜下滴灌间作盐生植物棉田水盐运移特征及脱盐效果[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):129-138.HE Zijian,SHI Wenjuan,YANG Junqiang.Water and salt transport and desalination effect of halophytes intercropped cotton field with drip irrigation under film[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(23):129-138.(in Chinese)
[12]明广辉,田富强,胡宏昌.地下水埋深对膜下滴灌棉田水盐动态影响及土壤盐分累积特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,34(5):90-97.MING Guanghui,TIAN Fuqiang,HU Hongchang.Effect of water table depth on soil water and salt dynamics and soil salt accumulation characteristics under mulched drip irrigation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,34(5):90-97.(in Chinese)
[2]郭彦君,徐汇仲,张家骅.紫花苜蓿根系形态学研究[J].西南农业大学学报,2002,24(6):484-486.GUO Yanjun,XU Huizhong,ZHANG Jiahua.Study on the morphology of the root system of alfalfa[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,2002,24(6):484-486.(in Chinese)
[3]鲁为华,任爱天,杨洁晶,等.滴管苜蓿田间土壤水盐及苜蓿细根的空间分布[J].农业工程学报,2012,30(23):128-137.LU Weihua,REN Aitian,YANG Jiejing,et al.Soil water and salt movement and spatial distribution of alfalfa fine roots under drip irrigation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,30(23):128-137.(in Chinese)
[4]刘国军,曾凡江,雷加强,等.核桃-紫花苜蓿复合栽培的根系分布及生长动态[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(3):504-508.LIU Guojun,ZENG Fanjiang,LEI Jiaqiang,et al.Root distribution and growing of walnut tree and medicago alfalfa sativa sod-culture pattern[J].Arid zone research,2015,32(3):504-508.(in Chinese)
[5]李仙岳,史海滨,龚雪文.立体种植农田不同生育期及土壤水分的根系分布特征[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(3):141-147.LI Xianyue,SHI Haibin,GONG Xuewen.Root distribution in strip intercropping field under different growth period and different soil water[J].Transactions of the CSAM,2014,45(3):141-147.(in Chinese)
[6]李熙婷,田德龙,郭克贞,等.膜下滴灌对小麦根系分布特征的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(6):545-552.LI Xiting,TIAN Delong,GUO Kezhen,et al.Influence of much drip irrigation on wheat root distribution characteristics[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2016,34(6):545-552.(in Chinese)
[7]郭晔红,张晓琴,胡明贵.紫花苜蓿对次生盐碱化土壤的改良效果研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2004,39(2):173-176.GUO Yihong,ZHANG Xiaoqin,HU Minggui.Effects of salinized soil improvement using medicago sativa[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2004,39(2):173-176.(in Chinese)
[8]缑倩倩,韩志文,屈建军,等.秦王川灌区农田土壤盐分离子特征分析[J].土壤,2014,46(1):100-106.GOU Qianqian,HAN Zhiwen,QU Jianjun,et al.Analysis of farmland soil salinity ions in qinwangchuan regions[J].Soils,2014,46(1):100-106.(in Chinese)
[9]董放,曹靖,李先婷,等.不同盐分类型胁迫对豌豆幼苗吸收、累积及运输的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(11):66-75.DONG Fang,CAO Jing,LI Xianting,et al.Effects of various types of salt stress on ion absorption,accumulation and transportation in pea[J].Acta prataculturae sinica,2016,25(11):66-75.(in Chinese)
[10]倪东宁,李瑞平,史海滨,等.套种模式下不同灌水方式下对玉米根系区土壤水盐运移及产量的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(4):797-804.NI Dongning,LI Ruiping,SHI Haibin,et al.Effects of different irrigation methods on transport of root zone soil water-salt and yield of maize under intercropping mode[J].Soils,2015,47(4):797-804.(in Chinese)
[11]何子健,史文娟,杨军强.膜下滴灌间作盐生植物棉田水盐运移特征及脱盐效果[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):129-138.HE Zijian,SHI Wenjuan,YANG Junqiang.Water and salt transport and desalination effect of halophytes intercropped cotton field with drip irrigation under film[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(23):129-138.(in Chinese)
[12]明广辉,田富强,胡宏昌.地下水埋深对膜下滴灌棉田水盐动态影响及土壤盐分累积特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,34(5):90-97.MING Guanghui,TIAN Fuqiang,HU Hongchang.Effect of water table depth on soil water and salt dynamics and soil salt accumulation characteristics under mulched drip irrigation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,34(5):90-97.(in Chinese)