考虑风电不确定性和大用户直购电的电力系统经济调度
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摘要
由于目前的风电预测方法仍不能将误差降低到可以忽略的范围,使得风电接入时增大了系统的不确定性,调度难度增大。同时,大用户直购电作为电力市场改革的重要措施,其引入对系统调度带来了新的挑战。针对以上情况,建立了考虑风电不确定性和大用户直购电的电力系统调度模型。模型在满足电力系统安全运行的基础上以发电企业收益最高为目标,利用风电出力的Beta概率密度函数来考虑由于风电不确定性带来的上、下旋转备用需求的增加,采用机会约束规划处理模型中的不确定因素。最后运用改进粒子群算法在含风电场的IEEE 30节点系统上验证了所建模型的有效性。
The existing wind power forecasting methods can not reduce the error to a negligible range. The integration of wind power will increase the uncertainty of power system, which may lead to difficulty of power system dispatching. And, as an important measure of electric power market reform, the introduction of large consumers direct purchasing has brought new challenges to power system dispatching. Therefore, a power system economic dispatching model considering the uncertainty of wind power and large consumers direct purchasing is established in this paper. The model aims to maximize the profit of power generation system based on the safe operation of power system. Beta probability function is presented to consider the increase of the upper and lower spinning reserve demand caused by the uncertainty of the wind power. Similarly, the chance constrained programming is used to deal with the uncertain factors in the model. Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is improved to verify the validity of the model in the IEEE 30 system with wind power.
The existing wind power forecasting methods can not reduce the error to a negligible range. The integration of wind power will increase the uncertainty of power system, which may lead to difficulty of power system dispatching. And, as an important measure of electric power market reform, the introduction of large consumers direct purchasing has brought new challenges to power system dispatching. Therefore, a power system economic dispatching model considering the uncertainty of wind power and large consumers direct purchasing is established in this paper. The model aims to maximize the profit of power generation system based on the safe operation of power system. Beta probability function is presented to consider the increase of the upper and lower spinning reserve demand caused by the uncertainty of the wind power. Similarly, the chance constrained programming is used to deal with the uncertain factors in the model. Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is improved to verify the validity of the model in the IEEE 30 system with wind power.
引文
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[13]李言,王秀丽,张文韬,等.大用户直购电对系统风电消纳的影响[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(23):149-157.LI Yan,WANG Xiuli,ZHANG Wentao,et al.Impact of large consumers direct-purchasing on consumption of wind power of power systems[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(23):149-157.
[14]LANGE M.On the uncertainty of wind power predictions-analysis of the forecast accuracy and statistical distribution of errors[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,2005,127(2):177-184.
[15]葛炬,王飞,张粒子.含风电场电力系统旋转备用获取模型[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(6):32-36.GE Ju,WANG Fei,ZHANG Lizi.Spinning reserve model in the wind power integrated power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(6):32-36.
[16]DOQUET M.Use of a stochastic process to sample wind power curves in planning studies[C]//2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech,July 1-5,2007,Lausanne,Switzerland:663-670.
[17]BLUDSZUWEIT H,DOMINGUEZ-NAVARRO J A,LLOMBART A.Statistical analysis of wind power forecast error[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(3):983-991.
[18]ATALAY K D,APAYDIN A.Gamma distribution approach in chance-constrained stochastic programming model[J].Journal of Inequalities&Applications,2011,20(1):1-13.
[19]袁晓辉,袁艳斌,王乘.计及阀点效应的电力系统经济运行方法[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(6):92-96.YUAN Xiaohui,YUAN Yanbin,WANG Cheng.Method for economic operation problem in power systems with valve point effect[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2005,20(6):92-96.
[20]史峰,王辉,郁磊,等.Matlab智能算法30个案例分析[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2011.
[21]汪宁渤.大规模风电送出与消纳[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.
[22]董吉哲,谢开贵,马冲,等.计及风速和负荷特性的风火打捆发电系统规划[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(15):59-66.DONG Jizhe,XIE Kaigui,MA Chong,et al.Optimal planning of bundled wind-thermal generation power systems considering wind speed and load characteristics[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(15):59-66.
[2]刘克俭,王铁强,时珉,等.大规模直购电下基于让渡价格的日前发电计划研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(22):28-33.LIU Kejian,WANG Tieqiang,SHI Min,et al.Research of day-ahead generation plan based on assignment price under consumers'direct-purchasing electricity[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(22):28-33.
[3]陈皓勇,张森林,张尧.电力市场中大用户直购电交易模式及算法研究[J].电网技术,2008,32(21):85-90.CHEN Haoyong,ZHANG Senlin,ZHANG Yao.Research on transaction mode of direct power purchase by large consumers in electricity market[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(21):85-90.
[4]周明,郑雅楠,李庚银,等.考虑分时电价和电能质量的大用户转运费用固定成本的综合分摊方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(19):125-130.ZHOU Ming,ZHENG Yanan,LI Gengyin,et al.Synthetical method for allocating wheeling fixed cost for large consumers considering time-of-use pricing and power quality[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(19):125-130.
[5]张宗益,亢娅丽,郭兴磊.基于谱风险度量的大用户直购电组合模型分析[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(1):266-270.ZHANG Zongyi,KANG Yali,GUO Xinglei.Model analysis of large consumers’power purchase portfolio based on spectral measures of risk[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(1):266-270.
[6]冯涛,卢志刚,李学平,等.考虑大用户直购电的动态环境经济调度[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(18):151-159.FENG Tao,LU Zhigang,LI Xueping,et al.Dynamic emission economic dispatch considering large consumers direct purchasing[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(18):151-159.
[7]杨家然,王兴成,隋林涛,等.采用混合智能算法的含风电电力系统多目标优化调度[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(11):21-27.YANG Jiaran,WANG Xingcheng,SUI Lintao,et al.Multi-objective optimal scheduling of wind integrated power systems with hybrid intelligent algorithm[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(11):21-27.
[8]王豹,徐箭,孙元章,等.基于通用分布的含风电电力系统随机动态经济调度[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(6):17-24.WANG Bao,XU Jian,SUN Yuanzhang,et al.Stochastic dynamic economic dispatch of power systems considering wind power based on versatile probability distribution[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(6):17-24.
[9]杨茂,刘红柳,季本明.基于混沌理论的风电功率超短期多步预测的误差分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(4):50-55.YANG Mao,LIU Hongliu,JI Benming.Analysis of ultrashort-term prediction error of wind power based on chaos theory[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(4):50-55.
[10]RAJENDRAN S,JENA D.Variable speed wind turbine for maximum power capture using adaptive fuzzy integral sliding mode control[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems&Clean Energy,2014,2(2):114-125.
[11]张文韬,王秀丽,吴雄,等.大规模风电接入下含大用户直购电的电力系统调度模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):2927-2935.ZHANG Wentao,WANG Xiuli,WU Xiong,et al.An analysis model of power system with large-scale wind power and transaction mode of direct power purchase by large consumers involved in system scheduling[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(12):2927-2935.
[12]张倩文,王秀丽,杨廷天,等.大用户直购电模式下含大规模风光的电力系统优化调度[J].电力建设,2017,38(10):24-32.ZHANG Qianwen,WANG Xiuli,YANG Tingtian,et al.Optimal dispatch of power system containing large scale wind-photovoltaic power with direct power purchase by large consumers[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(10):24-32.
[13]李言,王秀丽,张文韬,等.大用户直购电对系统风电消纳的影响[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(23):149-157.LI Yan,WANG Xiuli,ZHANG Wentao,et al.Impact of large consumers direct-purchasing on consumption of wind power of power systems[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(23):149-157.
[14]LANGE M.On the uncertainty of wind power predictions-analysis of the forecast accuracy and statistical distribution of errors[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,2005,127(2):177-184.
[15]葛炬,王飞,张粒子.含风电场电力系统旋转备用获取模型[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(6):32-36.GE Ju,WANG Fei,ZHANG Lizi.Spinning reserve model in the wind power integrated power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(6):32-36.
[16]DOQUET M.Use of a stochastic process to sample wind power curves in planning studies[C]//2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech,July 1-5,2007,Lausanne,Switzerland:663-670.
[17]BLUDSZUWEIT H,DOMINGUEZ-NAVARRO J A,LLOMBART A.Statistical analysis of wind power forecast error[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(3):983-991.
[18]ATALAY K D,APAYDIN A.Gamma distribution approach in chance-constrained stochastic programming model[J].Journal of Inequalities&Applications,2011,20(1):1-13.
[19]袁晓辉,袁艳斌,王乘.计及阀点效应的电力系统经济运行方法[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(6):92-96.YUAN Xiaohui,YUAN Yanbin,WANG Cheng.Method for economic operation problem in power systems with valve point effect[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2005,20(6):92-96.
[20]史峰,王辉,郁磊,等.Matlab智能算法30个案例分析[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2011.
[21]汪宁渤.大规模风电送出与消纳[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.
[22]董吉哲,谢开贵,马冲,等.计及风速和负荷特性的风火打捆发电系统规划[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(15):59-66.DONG Jizhe,XIE Kaigui,MA Chong,et al.Optimal planning of bundled wind-thermal generation power systems considering wind speed and load characteristics[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(15):59-66.