ECAP对A390铝合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响（英文）
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摘要
研究等径角挤压(ECAP) A390铝合金的抗拉强度和伸长率,揭示其显微组织和拉伸性能之间的关系。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对样品的显微组织进行分析。力学性能测试结果表明,经过3道次挤压后,材料的极限抗拉强度(UTS)从铸态的142 MPa提高到275 MPa。与铸态样品相比,当ECAP道次增加到4时,材料的伸长率显著提高。研究发现,随着ECAP道次的增加,材料的强度和伸长率提高,这是因为颗粒的均匀分布、颗粒尺寸的减小和空位的消除,尤其是与原始硅颗粒相邻的空位的消除。断口分析结果表明,当ECAP的道次增加到4时,在合金中形成均匀的圆形韧窝,合金断裂机理由铸态时的脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂。
The purpose of the present research is to determine the tensile strength and elongation of the A390 alloy processed by ECAP and to reveal the relationship between the microstructure and tensile properties. Optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) were used for microstructural analysis of the samples. The results of the mechanical testing showed that the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) increased from 142 MPa for the as-cast sample to 275 MPa for the sample after the third ECAP pass. Increasing the ECAP passes up to 4 led to a remarkable enhancement of elongation compared with the as-cast sample. It was found that the improvement of strength and ductility of A390 alloy with increasing the number of ECAP passes was attributed to the homogenous distribution of particles, reduction of particle size, and elimination of voids especially adjacent to the primary silicon particles. The results of fractography demonstrated that when the number of ECAP passes increased to 4, the uniform round dimples formed and the relatively brittle as-cast sample transformed to a ductile alloy.
The purpose of the present research is to determine the tensile strength and elongation of the A390 alloy processed by ECAP and to reveal the relationship between the microstructure and tensile properties. Optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) were used for microstructural analysis of the samples. The results of the mechanical testing showed that the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) increased from 142 MPa for the as-cast sample to 275 MPa for the sample after the third ECAP pass. Increasing the ECAP passes up to 4 led to a remarkable enhancement of elongation compared with the as-cast sample. It was found that the improvement of strength and ductility of A390 alloy with increasing the number of ECAP passes was attributed to the homogenous distribution of particles, reduction of particle size, and elimination of voids especially adjacent to the primary silicon particles. The results of fractography demonstrated that when the number of ECAP passes increased to 4, the uniform round dimples formed and the relatively brittle as-cast sample transformed to a ductile alloy.
引文
[1]MA A,SUZUKI K,SAITO N,NISHIDA Y,TAKAGI M,SHIGEMATSU I.Impact toughness of an ingot hypereutectic Al-23mass%Si alloy improved by rotary-die equal-channel angular pressing[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,399:181-189.
[2]ZHAO J,WU S.Microstructure and mechanical properties of rheo-diecasted A390 alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(s3):s754-s757.
[3]HAGHSHENAS M,JAMALI J.Assessment of circumferential cracks in hypereutectic Al-Si clutch housings[J].Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis,2017,8:11-20.
[4]HUANG Z,WANG K,ZHANG Z,LI B,XUE H,YANG D.Effects of Mg content on primary Mg2Si phase in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25:3197-3203.
[5]KANG N,CODDET P,LIAO H,BAUR T,CODDET C.Wear behavior and microstructure of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys prepared by selective laser melting[J].Applied Surface Science,2016,378:142-149.
[6]CHEN C M,YANG C C,CHAO C G.A novel method for net-shape forming of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys by thixocasting with powder preforms[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2005,167(1):103-109.
[7]LI B,ZHANG Z,WANG Z,XU J,ZHU Q.Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of A390 alloy[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,652-654:1049-1053.
[8]SPUSKANYUK V,BEREZINA A,DUBODELOV V,DAVYDENKO O,FIKSSEN V,SLIVA K.Structural modification of hypereutectic Al-16.5mass%Si alloy by thermo-mechanical treatment with ECAP[J].Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering,2014,2:35-40.
[9]YU W,ZHAO H,WANG L,GUO Z,XIONG S.The influence of T6treatment on fracture behavior of hypereutectic Al-Si HPDC casting alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,731:444-451.
[10]PI?TKOWSKI J,GAJDZIK B,MATU?A T.Crystallization and structure of cast A390 alloy with melt overheating temperature[J].Metalurgija,2012,51(3):321-324.
[11]BRY?A K,MORGIEL J,FARYNA M,EDALATI K,HORITA Z.Effect of high-pressure torsion on grain refinement,strength enhancement and uniform ductility of EZ magnesium alloy[J].Materials Letters,2018,212:323-326.
[12]JAMAATI R,TOROGHINEJAD M R,AMIRKHANLOU S,EDRISH.Production of nanograin microstructure in steel nanocomposite[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,638:143-151.
[13]WANG Y L,LAPOVOK R,WANG J T,QI Y S,ESTRIN Y.Thermal behavior of copper processed by ECAP with and without back pressure[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,628:21-29.
[14]MOGUCHEVA A,BABICH E,OVSYANNIKOV B,KAIBYSHEVR.Microstructural evolution in a 5024 aluminum alloy processed by ECAP with and without back pressure[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,560:178-192.
[15]SITDIKOV O,AVTOKRATOVA E,SAKAI T.Microstructural and texture changes during equal channel angular pressing of an Al-Mg-Sc alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,648:195-204.
[16]NISHIDA Y,JIANG J,SAITO N,SHIGEMATSU I,WATAZU A.Deformation mechanism at impact test of Al-11%Si alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing with rotary die[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2007,17:104-109.
[17]JIANG J,SHI J,YAO Y H,MA A,SONG D,YANG D.Dynamic compression properties of an ultrafine-grained Al-26wt.%Si alloy fabricated by equal-channel angular pressing[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2015,24(5):2016-2024.
[18]CARDOSO K R,MUNOZ-MORRIS M,LEóN K V,MORRIS D G.Room and high temperature ECAP processing of Al-10%Si alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,587:387-396.
[19]CHANDRA K,KAIN V.Brittle failure of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy component[J].Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention,2015,15(5):679-685.
[20]IRIZALP S G,SAKLAKOGLU N.Effect of Fe-rich intermetallics on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thixoformed A380aluminum alloy[J].Engineering Science and Technology,2014,17(2):58-62.
[21]JIANG J H,DAN S,SAITO N,YUAN Y,NISHIDA Y.Corrosion behavior of hypereutectic Al-23%Si alloy(AC9A)processed by severe plastic deformation[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20:195-200.
[22]MA A,SUZUKI K,SAITO N,NISHIDA Y,TAKAGI M,SHIGEMATSU I.Impact toughness of an ingot hypereutectic Al-23mass%Si alloy improved by rotary-die equal-channel angular pressing[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,399:181-189.
[23]JUNG J G,LEE J M,CHO Y H,YOON W H.Combined effects of ultrasonic melt treatment,Si addition and solution treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of multicomponent AlSi alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,693:201-210.
[24]HAGHDADI N,ZAREI-HANZAKI A,ABEDI H R,SABOKPA O.The effect of thermomechanical parameters on the eutectic silicon characteristics in a non-modified cast A356 aluminum alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2012,549:93-99.
[25]NOUROUZI S,DAMAVANDI E,RABIEE S M.Microstructural and mechanical properties of Al-Al2O3 composites focus on experimental techniques[J].International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties,2016,11(5):383-398.
[26]VALIEV R Z,LANGDON T G.Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement[J].Progress in Materials Science,2006,51(7):881-981.
[27]YOON S C,HONG S J,HONG S I,KIM H S.Mechanical properties of equal channel angular pressed powder extrudates of a rapidly solidified hypereutectic Al-20wt%Si alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2007,449:966-970.
[28]MA A,SAITO N,SHIGEMATSU I,SUZUKI K,TAKAGI M,NISHIDA Y.Effect of heat treatment on impact toughness of aluminum silicon eutectic alloy processed by rotary-die equalchannel angular pressing[J].Materials Transactions,2004,45(2):399-402.
[29]IMMANUEL R J,PANIGRAHI S K.Influence of cryorolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of a cast hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,640:424-435.
[30]CALLISTER W D.Materials science and engineering:An introduction[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1987.
[2]ZHAO J,WU S.Microstructure and mechanical properties of rheo-diecasted A390 alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(s3):s754-s757.
[3]HAGHSHENAS M,JAMALI J.Assessment of circumferential cracks in hypereutectic Al-Si clutch housings[J].Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis,2017,8:11-20.
[4]HUANG Z,WANG K,ZHANG Z,LI B,XUE H,YANG D.Effects of Mg content on primary Mg2Si phase in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25:3197-3203.
[5]KANG N,CODDET P,LIAO H,BAUR T,CODDET C.Wear behavior and microstructure of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys prepared by selective laser melting[J].Applied Surface Science,2016,378:142-149.
[6]CHEN C M,YANG C C,CHAO C G.A novel method for net-shape forming of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys by thixocasting with powder preforms[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2005,167(1):103-109.
[7]LI B,ZHANG Z,WANG Z,XU J,ZHU Q.Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of A390 alloy[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,652-654:1049-1053.
[8]SPUSKANYUK V,BEREZINA A,DUBODELOV V,DAVYDENKO O,FIKSSEN V,SLIVA K.Structural modification of hypereutectic Al-16.5mass%Si alloy by thermo-mechanical treatment with ECAP[J].Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering,2014,2:35-40.
[9]YU W,ZHAO H,WANG L,GUO Z,XIONG S.The influence of T6treatment on fracture behavior of hypereutectic Al-Si HPDC casting alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,731:444-451.
[10]PI?TKOWSKI J,GAJDZIK B,MATU?A T.Crystallization and structure of cast A390 alloy with melt overheating temperature[J].Metalurgija,2012,51(3):321-324.
[11]BRY?A K,MORGIEL J,FARYNA M,EDALATI K,HORITA Z.Effect of high-pressure torsion on grain refinement,strength enhancement and uniform ductility of EZ magnesium alloy[J].Materials Letters,2018,212:323-326.
[12]JAMAATI R,TOROGHINEJAD M R,AMIRKHANLOU S,EDRISH.Production of nanograin microstructure in steel nanocomposite[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,638:143-151.
[13]WANG Y L,LAPOVOK R,WANG J T,QI Y S,ESTRIN Y.Thermal behavior of copper processed by ECAP with and without back pressure[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,628:21-29.
[14]MOGUCHEVA A,BABICH E,OVSYANNIKOV B,KAIBYSHEVR.Microstructural evolution in a 5024 aluminum alloy processed by ECAP with and without back pressure[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,560:178-192.
[15]SITDIKOV O,AVTOKRATOVA E,SAKAI T.Microstructural and texture changes during equal channel angular pressing of an Al-Mg-Sc alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,648:195-204.
[16]NISHIDA Y,JIANG J,SAITO N,SHIGEMATSU I,WATAZU A.Deformation mechanism at impact test of Al-11%Si alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing with rotary die[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2007,17:104-109.
[17]JIANG J,SHI J,YAO Y H,MA A,SONG D,YANG D.Dynamic compression properties of an ultrafine-grained Al-26wt.%Si alloy fabricated by equal-channel angular pressing[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2015,24(5):2016-2024.
[18]CARDOSO K R,MUNOZ-MORRIS M,LEóN K V,MORRIS D G.Room and high temperature ECAP processing of Al-10%Si alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,587:387-396.
[19]CHANDRA K,KAIN V.Brittle failure of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy component[J].Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention,2015,15(5):679-685.
[20]IRIZALP S G,SAKLAKOGLU N.Effect of Fe-rich intermetallics on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thixoformed A380aluminum alloy[J].Engineering Science and Technology,2014,17(2):58-62.
[21]JIANG J H,DAN S,SAITO N,YUAN Y,NISHIDA Y.Corrosion behavior of hypereutectic Al-23%Si alloy(AC9A)processed by severe plastic deformation[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20:195-200.
[22]MA A,SUZUKI K,SAITO N,NISHIDA Y,TAKAGI M,SHIGEMATSU I.Impact toughness of an ingot hypereutectic Al-23mass%Si alloy improved by rotary-die equal-channel angular pressing[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,399:181-189.
[23]JUNG J G,LEE J M,CHO Y H,YOON W H.Combined effects of ultrasonic melt treatment,Si addition and solution treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of multicomponent AlSi alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,693:201-210.
[24]HAGHDADI N,ZAREI-HANZAKI A,ABEDI H R,SABOKPA O.The effect of thermomechanical parameters on the eutectic silicon characteristics in a non-modified cast A356 aluminum alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2012,549:93-99.
[25]NOUROUZI S,DAMAVANDI E,RABIEE S M.Microstructural and mechanical properties of Al-Al2O3 composites focus on experimental techniques[J].International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties,2016,11(5):383-398.
[26]VALIEV R Z,LANGDON T G.Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement[J].Progress in Materials Science,2006,51(7):881-981.
[27]YOON S C,HONG S J,HONG S I,KIM H S.Mechanical properties of equal channel angular pressed powder extrudates of a rapidly solidified hypereutectic Al-20wt%Si alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2007,449:966-970.
[28]MA A,SAITO N,SHIGEMATSU I,SUZUKI K,TAKAGI M,NISHIDA Y.Effect of heat treatment on impact toughness of aluminum silicon eutectic alloy processed by rotary-die equalchannel angular pressing[J].Materials Transactions,2004,45(2):399-402.
[29]IMMANUEL R J,PANIGRAHI S K.Influence of cryorolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of a cast hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,640:424-435.
[30]CALLISTER W D.Materials science and engineering:An introduction[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1987.