5种海藻在刺参幼参饲料中的应用研究
|
摘要
本研究通过分析刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参[(10.02±0.03)g]生长性能、体组成、肠道消化酶活性及非特异性免疫性能的变化,评价鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)、铜藻(Sargassaum horneri)、海带(Saccharina japonica)、海带渣、石莼(Ulva lactuca L.)及混合藻粉在刺参幼参养殖中的应用效果,在室内循环水系统中进行了为期56 d的养殖实验。结果显示,1)鼠尾藻和混合藻粉组刺参的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)极显著高于其他各藻粉组(P<0.01),海带渣组刺参的WGR和SGR最低,肠体比(IBR)和脏体比(VBR)均显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),藻粉对刺参存活率(SR)影响不显著(P>0.05);2)不同藻粉对刺参体壁水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪影响不显著(P>0.05);3)鼠尾藻和混合藻粉组肠道胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于海带、海带渣和石莼组,海带渣组最低(P<0.01);藻粉对α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05),但对刺参粪便的酸不溶性灰分具有极显著影响(P<0.01);4)鼠尾藻组和混合藻粉组刺参肠道超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),海带渣组丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。研究表明,在本实验条件下,综合考虑刺参的生长性能及非特异性免疫性能,添加任一海藻均未达到替代鼠尾藻的饲喂效果,但多种海藻混合添加,其生长性能及非特异性免疫性能与单独添加鼠尾藻效果一致。
In order to evaluate the application of Sargassum thunbergii, Sargassum horneri,Saccharina japonica, degummed kelp, Ulva lactuca L., and their mixture in juvenile sea cucumbers[(10.02±0.03) g], an 8-week-long experiment was conducted in a circulating water system. Growth performance, body composition, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, and nonspecific immune performance were analyzed. Results showed that the weight gain rate(WGR) and specific growth rate(SGR) of sea cucumbers fed S. thunbergii and the seaweed mixture were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.01), and were the lowest in sea cucumbers fed degummed kelp. Sea cucumbers fed degummed kelp had significantly lower ratio of intestine weight to body weight(IBR) and ratio of viserosomatic weight to body weight(VBR) than those of the other groups(P<0.05). Different seaweed did not significantly affect survival rate(P>0.05). Body wall moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and the crude fat of sea cucumbers were not significantly affected by the seaweeds(P>0.05). The intestinal trypsin activities in sea cucumbers fed S. thunbergii, and the seaweed mixture were significantly higher than those in the kelp, degummed kelp, and Ulva groups, and were the lowest for degummed kelp(P<0.01). The different seaweeds had no significant effect on alpha amylase and lipase activity(P>0.05), but significant effects were observed in the hydrochloric acid-insoluble ash of fecal matter(P<0.01). Intestinal total-superoxide dismutase(T-SOD), acid phosphatase(ACP), and alkaline phosphatase(AKP) activities in the sea cucumbers fed S. thunbergii and seaweed mixture were significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.01). Intestinal malondialdehyde(MDA) content in sea cucumbers fed degummed kelp was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.01). In conclusion, a comprehensive consideration of growth performance and nonspecific immune performance indicated that the four seaweeds individually cannot achieve the feeding effect of replacing dietary S. thunbergii; however, using mixed seaweeds can achieve an effect similar to S. thunbergii under these experimental conditions.
In order to evaluate the application of Sargassum thunbergii, Sargassum horneri,Saccharina japonica, degummed kelp, Ulva lactuca L., and their mixture in juvenile sea cucumbers[(10.02±0.03) g], an 8-week-long experiment was conducted in a circulating water system. Growth performance, body composition, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, and nonspecific immune performance were analyzed. Results showed that the weight gain rate(WGR) and specific growth rate(SGR) of sea cucumbers fed S. thunbergii and the seaweed mixture were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.01), and were the lowest in sea cucumbers fed degummed kelp. Sea cucumbers fed degummed kelp had significantly lower ratio of intestine weight to body weight(IBR) and ratio of viserosomatic weight to body weight(VBR) than those of the other groups(P<0.05). Different seaweed did not significantly affect survival rate(P>0.05). Body wall moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and the crude fat of sea cucumbers were not significantly affected by the seaweeds(P>0.05). The intestinal trypsin activities in sea cucumbers fed S. thunbergii, and the seaweed mixture were significantly higher than those in the kelp, degummed kelp, and Ulva groups, and were the lowest for degummed kelp(P<0.01). The different seaweeds had no significant effect on alpha amylase and lipase activity(P>0.05), but significant effects were observed in the hydrochloric acid-insoluble ash of fecal matter(P<0.01). Intestinal total-superoxide dismutase(T-SOD), acid phosphatase(ACP), and alkaline phosphatase(AKP) activities in the sea cucumbers fed S. thunbergii and seaweed mixture were significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.01). Intestinal malondialdehyde(MDA) content in sea cucumbers fed degummed kelp was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.01). In conclusion, a comprehensive consideration of growth performance and nonspecific immune performance indicated that the four seaweeds individually cannot achieve the feeding effect of replacing dietary S. thunbergii; however, using mixed seaweeds can achieve an effect similar to S. thunbergii under these experimental conditions.
引文
Canicatti C.Lysosomal enzyme pattern in Holothuria polii coelomocytes.Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,1990,56(1):70-74
Cui LB,Dong ZN,Lu YH.Histological and histochemical studies on the digestive system of Apostichopus japonicus.Chinese Journal of Zoology,2000,35(6):2-4[崔龙波,董志宁,陆瑶华.仿刺参消化系统的组织学和组织化学研究.动物学杂志,2000,35(6):2-4]
Dong XL,Li CL,Zhao B,et al.Effects of low salinity stress on the activities of non-specific immune enzymes and antibacterial activity of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(3):82-87[董晓亮,李成林,赵斌,等.低盐胁迫对刺参非特异性免疫酶活性及抗菌活力的影响.渔业科学进展,2013,34(3):82-87]
Gao QF,Wang YS,Dong SL,et al.Absorption of different food sources by sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)(Echinodermata:Holothuroidea):Evidence from carbon stable isotope.Aquaculture,2011,319(1-2):272-276
Ge LB,Gao QF,Dong SL.Effects of different algae powders on the growth,body composition and digestive enzyme activity of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus).Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2017(1):80-87[葛立保,高勤峰,董双林.不同藻粉对刺参生长、体成分和消化酶活性的影响.海洋湖沼通报,2017(1):80-87]
Hao JP.The research of Apostichopus japonicus’bait produced with kelp residue and brewers’graint.Master′s Thesis of Harbin Institute of Technology,2014,1-56[郝继浦.利用海带渣和啤酒糟生产刺参饵料的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士研究生学位论文,2014,1-56]
Jiang LX,Yang N,Li J,et al.Effects of temperature and pH on the activities of digestive enzymes in Apostichopus japonicus.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2007,38(5):476-480[姜令绪,杨宁,李建,等.温度和pH对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)消化酶活力的影响.海洋与湖沼,2007,38(5):476-480]
Li DT,Fan YM,Chang YQ,et al.Effects of two lectins extracted solution from kelp Laminaria japonica Aresch and laver Porphyra yezoensis Veda on activities of immunoenzymes in body wall of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2014,29(6):607-612[李丹彤,范友敏,常亚青,等.海带和条斑紫菜凝集素提取液对刺参体壁主要免疫酶活性的影响.大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(6):607-612]
Li JY.The immunological characters and pathogenic study of cultured Apostichopus japonicus.Doctoral Dissertation of Ocean University of China,2007,1-96[李继业.养殖刺参免疫学特征与病害研究.中国海洋大学博士研究生学位论文,2007,1-96]
Li M,Liao MJ,Chang Q,et al.Effects of different diets containing Enteromorpha prolifera on growth,digestion and non-specific immunity of juvenile sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus).Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(5):122-129[李猛,廖梅杰,常青,等.不同浒苔型饲料对幼刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长、消化及非特异性免疫的影响.渔业科学进展,2017,38(5):122-129]
Li P,Webb KA,Gatlin DM.Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as an indicator for digestibility determination with red drum,Sciaenops ocellatus,and hybrid striped bass,Morone chrysops×M.saxatilis.Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2008,39(1):120-125
Li X,Zhang SY,Chen SQ,et al.Effects of four feedstuffs on the growth,body composition and digestive physiology of Apostichopus japonicus.Feed Industry,2013,34(8):36-40[李旭,章世元,陈四清,等.四种饲料原料对刺参生长、体成分及消化生理的影响.饲料工业,2013,34(8):36-40]
Liu CL,Wang YT,Qin B,et al.Analysis and evaluation of nutrient composition in the body wall of Penglai sea cucumber(Apostichopus sp.).Progress in Fishery Sciences,2015,36(5):111-118[刘长琳,王有廷,秦搏,等.蓬莱玉参(Apostichopus sp.)体壁的营养成分分析及评价.渔业科学进展,2015,36(5):111-118]
Qin B,Chang Q,Chen SQ,et al.Effects of dosage and treatments of Enteromorpha prolifera on growth,digestibility,digestive enzymes and non-specific immunity enzymes of juvenile sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicas Selenka).Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(4):547-556[秦搏,常青,陈四清,等.饲料中浒苔添加量以及处理方法对幼刺参生长、消化率、消化酶和非特异性免疫酶的影响.水产学报,2015,39(4):547-556]
Seo JY,Lee SM.Optimum dietary protein and lipid levels for growth of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Aquaculture Nutrition,2011,17(2):56-61
Sun LN.Histocytological events and analysis of key genes during intestine regeneration in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka).Doctoral Dissertation of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,1-132[孙丽娜.仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)消化道再生的组织细胞特征与关键基因分析.中国科学院大学博士研究生学位论文,2013,1-132]
Tang L,Wang JQ,Xu C,et al.Activities of four digestive enzymes in various developmental larvae and in alimentary canals at various sizes of Apostichopus japonicus.Fisheries Science,2007,26(5):275-277[唐黎,王吉桥,许重,等.不同发育期的幼体和不同规格刺参消化道中四种消化酶的活性.水产科学,2007,26(5):275-277]
Tang W,Wang QJ,Zhang L,et al.Effects of different algaes on immunity and body composition of juvenile sea cucumber.Resource Development and Market,2014,30(8):905-907[唐薇,王庆吉,张蕾,等.不同藻粉对刺参组织免疫性能和体壁成分的影响.资源开发与市场,2014,30(8):905-907]
Wakita C,Honda K,Shibata T,et al.A method for detection of4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts in proteins.Free Radical Biology and Medicine,2011,51(1):1-4
Wang JQ,Tang L,Xu C,et al.Histological observation of alimentary tract and annual changes of four digestive enzymes in sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus).Fisheries Science,2007,26(9):481-484[王吉桥,唐黎,许重,等.仿刺参消化道的组织学及其4种消化酶活力的周年变化.水产科学,2007,26(9):481-484]
Wen B,Gao QF,Dong SL,et al.Effects of different feed ingredients on growth,fatty acid profiles,lipid peroxidation and aminotransferases activities of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka).Aquaculture,2016,454:176-183
Yang N,Guo ZS,Wang ZL.Effects of dietary green laver Enteromorpha prolifera on growth,activity of digestive enzymes and immunity in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Fisheries Science,2016,35(5):498-503[杨宁,郭中帅,王正丽.饲料中添加浒苔对仿刺参幼参生长、消化酶活性和免疫力的影响.水产科学,2016,35(5):498-503]
Yuan XT,Yang HS,Zhou Y,et al.The influence of diets containing dried bivalve feces and/or powdered algae on growth and energy distribution in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)(Echinodermata:Holothuroidea).Aquaculture,2006,256(1):457-467
Yin XW,Li WX,Bai HF,et al.Effects of different seaweed diets on growth of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2015,30(3):276-280[殷旭旺,李文香,白海锋,等.不同海藻饲料对刺参幼参生长的影响.大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(3):276-280]
Zhang JJ,Duan R,Xu K,et al.Status and development of dealginate residues in kelp industry.Fisheries Science,2010,29(10):620-623[张俊杰,段蕊,许可,等.海带工业中海带渣应用的研究及展望.水产科学,2010,29(10):620-623]
Zhao B,Hu W,Li CL,et al.The effects of low salinity on the growth and activities of digestive enzymes in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2015,36(1):91-96[赵斌,胡炜,李成林,等.低盐环境对3种规格刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参生长与消化酶活力的影响.渔业科学进展,2015,36(1):91-96]
Zheng H,Li B,Rong XJ,et al.Effects of salinity and dissolved oxygen variation on the non-specific immune response of Apostichopus japonicus.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2014,35(1):118-124[郑慧,李彬,荣小军,等.盐度和溶解氧对刺参非特异性免疫酶活性的影响.渔业科学进展,201435(1):118-124]
Zheng HY,Rao DZ,Chen GF,et al.Consideration on protective exploitation of Sargassaum horneri(Turn.)Ag resource around Nanji Islands.Modern Fisheries Information,2008,23(10):25-26[郑海羽,饶道专,陈高峰,等.保护性开发南麂列岛铜藻Sargassaum horneri(Turn.)Ag.资源的思考.现代渔业信息,2008,23(10):25-26]
Zhu JX,Liu H,Leng KL,et al.Studies on the effects of some common diets on the growth of Apostichopus japonicus.Marine Fisheries Research,2007,28(5):48-53[朱建新,刘慧,冷凯良,等.几种常用饵料对稚幼参生长影响的初步研究.海洋水产研究,2007,28(5):48-53]
Cui LB,Dong ZN,Lu YH.Histological and histochemical studies on the digestive system of Apostichopus japonicus.Chinese Journal of Zoology,2000,35(6):2-4[崔龙波,董志宁,陆瑶华.仿刺参消化系统的组织学和组织化学研究.动物学杂志,2000,35(6):2-4]
Dong XL,Li CL,Zhao B,et al.Effects of low salinity stress on the activities of non-specific immune enzymes and antibacterial activity of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(3):82-87[董晓亮,李成林,赵斌,等.低盐胁迫对刺参非特异性免疫酶活性及抗菌活力的影响.渔业科学进展,2013,34(3):82-87]
Gao QF,Wang YS,Dong SL,et al.Absorption of different food sources by sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)(Echinodermata:Holothuroidea):Evidence from carbon stable isotope.Aquaculture,2011,319(1-2):272-276
Ge LB,Gao QF,Dong SL.Effects of different algae powders on the growth,body composition and digestive enzyme activity of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus).Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2017(1):80-87[葛立保,高勤峰,董双林.不同藻粉对刺参生长、体成分和消化酶活性的影响.海洋湖沼通报,2017(1):80-87]
Hao JP.The research of Apostichopus japonicus’bait produced with kelp residue and brewers’graint.Master′s Thesis of Harbin Institute of Technology,2014,1-56[郝继浦.利用海带渣和啤酒糟生产刺参饵料的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士研究生学位论文,2014,1-56]
Jiang LX,Yang N,Li J,et al.Effects of temperature and pH on the activities of digestive enzymes in Apostichopus japonicus.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2007,38(5):476-480[姜令绪,杨宁,李建,等.温度和pH对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)消化酶活力的影响.海洋与湖沼,2007,38(5):476-480]
Li DT,Fan YM,Chang YQ,et al.Effects of two lectins extracted solution from kelp Laminaria japonica Aresch and laver Porphyra yezoensis Veda on activities of immunoenzymes in body wall of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2014,29(6):607-612[李丹彤,范友敏,常亚青,等.海带和条斑紫菜凝集素提取液对刺参体壁主要免疫酶活性的影响.大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(6):607-612]
Li JY.The immunological characters and pathogenic study of cultured Apostichopus japonicus.Doctoral Dissertation of Ocean University of China,2007,1-96[李继业.养殖刺参免疫学特征与病害研究.中国海洋大学博士研究生学位论文,2007,1-96]
Li M,Liao MJ,Chang Q,et al.Effects of different diets containing Enteromorpha prolifera on growth,digestion and non-specific immunity of juvenile sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus).Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(5):122-129[李猛,廖梅杰,常青,等.不同浒苔型饲料对幼刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长、消化及非特异性免疫的影响.渔业科学进展,2017,38(5):122-129]
Li P,Webb KA,Gatlin DM.Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as an indicator for digestibility determination with red drum,Sciaenops ocellatus,and hybrid striped bass,Morone chrysops×M.saxatilis.Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2008,39(1):120-125
Li X,Zhang SY,Chen SQ,et al.Effects of four feedstuffs on the growth,body composition and digestive physiology of Apostichopus japonicus.Feed Industry,2013,34(8):36-40[李旭,章世元,陈四清,等.四种饲料原料对刺参生长、体成分及消化生理的影响.饲料工业,2013,34(8):36-40]
Liu CL,Wang YT,Qin B,et al.Analysis and evaluation of nutrient composition in the body wall of Penglai sea cucumber(Apostichopus sp.).Progress in Fishery Sciences,2015,36(5):111-118[刘长琳,王有廷,秦搏,等.蓬莱玉参(Apostichopus sp.)体壁的营养成分分析及评价.渔业科学进展,2015,36(5):111-118]
Qin B,Chang Q,Chen SQ,et al.Effects of dosage and treatments of Enteromorpha prolifera on growth,digestibility,digestive enzymes and non-specific immunity enzymes of juvenile sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicas Selenka).Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(4):547-556[秦搏,常青,陈四清,等.饲料中浒苔添加量以及处理方法对幼刺参生长、消化率、消化酶和非特异性免疫酶的影响.水产学报,2015,39(4):547-556]
Seo JY,Lee SM.Optimum dietary protein and lipid levels for growth of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Aquaculture Nutrition,2011,17(2):56-61
Sun LN.Histocytological events and analysis of key genes during intestine regeneration in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka).Doctoral Dissertation of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,1-132[孙丽娜.仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)消化道再生的组织细胞特征与关键基因分析.中国科学院大学博士研究生学位论文,2013,1-132]
Tang L,Wang JQ,Xu C,et al.Activities of four digestive enzymes in various developmental larvae and in alimentary canals at various sizes of Apostichopus japonicus.Fisheries Science,2007,26(5):275-277[唐黎,王吉桥,许重,等.不同发育期的幼体和不同规格刺参消化道中四种消化酶的活性.水产科学,2007,26(5):275-277]
Tang W,Wang QJ,Zhang L,et al.Effects of different algaes on immunity and body composition of juvenile sea cucumber.Resource Development and Market,2014,30(8):905-907[唐薇,王庆吉,张蕾,等.不同藻粉对刺参组织免疫性能和体壁成分的影响.资源开发与市场,2014,30(8):905-907]
Wakita C,Honda K,Shibata T,et al.A method for detection of4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts in proteins.Free Radical Biology and Medicine,2011,51(1):1-4
Wang JQ,Tang L,Xu C,et al.Histological observation of alimentary tract and annual changes of four digestive enzymes in sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus).Fisheries Science,2007,26(9):481-484[王吉桥,唐黎,许重,等.仿刺参消化道的组织学及其4种消化酶活力的周年变化.水产科学,2007,26(9):481-484]
Wen B,Gao QF,Dong SL,et al.Effects of different feed ingredients on growth,fatty acid profiles,lipid peroxidation and aminotransferases activities of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka).Aquaculture,2016,454:176-183
Yang N,Guo ZS,Wang ZL.Effects of dietary green laver Enteromorpha prolifera on growth,activity of digestive enzymes and immunity in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Fisheries Science,2016,35(5):498-503[杨宁,郭中帅,王正丽.饲料中添加浒苔对仿刺参幼参生长、消化酶活性和免疫力的影响.水产科学,2016,35(5):498-503]
Yuan XT,Yang HS,Zhou Y,et al.The influence of diets containing dried bivalve feces and/or powdered algae on growth and energy distribution in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)(Echinodermata:Holothuroidea).Aquaculture,2006,256(1):457-467
Yin XW,Li WX,Bai HF,et al.Effects of different seaweed diets on growth of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2015,30(3):276-280[殷旭旺,李文香,白海锋,等.不同海藻饲料对刺参幼参生长的影响.大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(3):276-280]
Zhang JJ,Duan R,Xu K,et al.Status and development of dealginate residues in kelp industry.Fisheries Science,2010,29(10):620-623[张俊杰,段蕊,许可,等.海带工业中海带渣应用的研究及展望.水产科学,2010,29(10):620-623]
Zhao B,Hu W,Li CL,et al.The effects of low salinity on the growth and activities of digestive enzymes in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2015,36(1):91-96[赵斌,胡炜,李成林,等.低盐环境对3种规格刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参生长与消化酶活力的影响.渔业科学进展,2015,36(1):91-96]
Zheng H,Li B,Rong XJ,et al.Effects of salinity and dissolved oxygen variation on the non-specific immune response of Apostichopus japonicus.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2014,35(1):118-124[郑慧,李彬,荣小军,等.盐度和溶解氧对刺参非特异性免疫酶活性的影响.渔业科学进展,201435(1):118-124]
Zheng HY,Rao DZ,Chen GF,et al.Consideration on protective exploitation of Sargassaum horneri(Turn.)Ag resource around Nanji Islands.Modern Fisheries Information,2008,23(10):25-26[郑海羽,饶道专,陈高峰,等.保护性开发南麂列岛铜藻Sargassaum horneri(Turn.)Ag.资源的思考.现代渔业信息,2008,23(10):25-26]
Zhu JX,Liu H,Leng KL,et al.Studies on the effects of some common diets on the growth of Apostichopus japonicus.Marine Fisheries Research,2007,28(5):48-53[朱建新,刘慧,冷凯良,等.几种常用饵料对稚幼参生长影响的初步研究.海洋水产研究,2007,28(5):48-53]