苹果新品种‘瑞雪’果实主要特性研究
|
摘要
‘瑞雪’是西北农林科技大学新培育的黄色晚熟苹果品种,了解该品种的果实特性,可为其栽培和推广提供借鉴。本研究以‘瑞雪’及其母本‘富士’、父本‘粉红女士’,以及2个黄色品种‘金冠’和‘王林’为试验材料,分析各品种果实生长发育期间的品质变化特性及其采后贮藏特性。结果表明:‘瑞雪’单果质量的变化和母本‘富士’接近,在花后105d日增长量出现高峰;纵、横径的变化和‘粉红女士’一致,在花后125d横径增长速率最快,果形指数最小,随后果形指数增加;‘瑞雪’在大小及脆度上优于父本‘粉红女士’,接近‘富士’,果形高桩,接近‘粉红女士’,果点密度、果锈指数小于2个黄色对照品种,‘瑞雪’果实套袋后果锈、可溶性固形物质量分数降低,其余性状变化不大;在常温贮藏和0℃冷藏条件下,‘瑞雪’失水幅度增大,接近‘粉红女士’,低于‘富士’和‘金冠’,果实硬度在贮藏过程中始终保持较高水平,可溶性固形物质量分数先上升后下降,出现最高点时间与‘粉红女士’接近,晚于‘富士’,可滴定酸质量分数始终低于‘粉红女士’,接近‘富士’。表明‘瑞雪’单果质量和风味接近‘富士’,果形和贮藏性接近‘粉红女士’,具有典型的超亲优势。‘瑞雪’果形端正,果面光洁,酸甜适口,耐贮藏。综合性状优于‘金冠’和‘王林’,接近‘富士’,作为黄色晚熟品种推广。
'Ruixue' is a new late-ripening yellow apple cultivar selected by the Northwest A&F University.To understand better fruit characteristics of 'Ruixue' could provide the reference for farmers and scientists to cultivate and extend it.In this study,'Ruixue' and its female parent 'Fuji',male 'Cripps Pink',and two yellow cultivars 'Golden Delicious' and 'Orin' were used,and the fruit quality traits were analyzed during the fruit ripening and storage.The results showed that the variation of fruit mass of'Ruixue'was similar to'Fuji',and the peak value appeared at 105 days after full bloom.The change of longitudinal and transverse diameter was consistent with 'Cripps Pink'.The fruit shape index was the smallest at 125 dafter full bloom,and then increased gradually.'Ruixue' was superior to the parent'Cripps Pink'in size and crispness,but close to 'Fuji'.The fruit was cylindric,which was close to 'Cripps Pink'.Fruit density and rust index were better than 'Golden Delicious' and 'Orin'.The total soluble solids decreased in the fruit bagging of 'Ruixue',and the other traits did not differ significantly.Under the normal temperature of storage and 0 ℃ storage,the water loss of'Ruixue'was close to'Cripps Pink',but lower than 'Fuji' and 'Golden Delicious'.The firmness was always high during storage,the total soluble solids first increased and then declined,the time of highest point close to 'Cripps Pink',later than 'Fuji'.Titratable acid was always lower than the'Cripps Pink',and close to 'Fuji'.Combining it together,'Ruixue' had the similar fruit mass and flavor to 'Fuji',and the fruit shape and storage were close to 'Cripps Pink',this suggested that'Ruixue'is worthy of extending widely because of its excellent fruit quality.'Ruixue' fruit was cylindric,surface smooth,sweet and sour taste,resistance to storage.Comprehensive traits are better than 'Golden Delicious' and 'Orin',close to 'Fuji'.It has bright future in new late-ripening yellow apple cultivar.
'Ruixue' is a new late-ripening yellow apple cultivar selected by the Northwest A&F University.To understand better fruit characteristics of 'Ruixue' could provide the reference for farmers and scientists to cultivate and extend it.In this study,'Ruixue' and its female parent 'Fuji',male 'Cripps Pink',and two yellow cultivars 'Golden Delicious' and 'Orin' were used,and the fruit quality traits were analyzed during the fruit ripening and storage.The results showed that the variation of fruit mass of'Ruixue'was similar to'Fuji',and the peak value appeared at 105 days after full bloom.The change of longitudinal and transverse diameter was consistent with 'Cripps Pink'.The fruit shape index was the smallest at 125 dafter full bloom,and then increased gradually.'Ruixue' was superior to the parent'Cripps Pink'in size and crispness,but close to 'Fuji'.The fruit was cylindric,which was close to 'Cripps Pink'.Fruit density and rust index were better than 'Golden Delicious' and 'Orin'.The total soluble solids decreased in the fruit bagging of 'Ruixue',and the other traits did not differ significantly.Under the normal temperature of storage and 0 ℃ storage,the water loss of'Ruixue'was close to'Cripps Pink',but lower than 'Fuji' and 'Golden Delicious'.The firmness was always high during storage,the total soluble solids first increased and then declined,the time of highest point close to 'Cripps Pink',later than 'Fuji'.Titratable acid was always lower than the'Cripps Pink',and close to 'Fuji'.Combining it together,'Ruixue' had the similar fruit mass and flavor to 'Fuji',and the fruit shape and storage were close to 'Cripps Pink',this suggested that'Ruixue'is worthy of extending widely because of its excellent fruit quality.'Ruixue' fruit was cylindric,surface smooth,sweet and sour taste,resistance to storage.Comprehensive traits are better than 'Golden Delicious' and 'Orin',close to 'Fuji'.It has bright future in new late-ripening yellow apple cultivar.
引文
[1]陈亚东,孟宪学,赵瑞雪,等.我国苹果产业科学数据建设初探[J].果树学报,2016,33(6):719-726.CHEN Y D,MENG X X,ZHAO R X,et al.A preliminary exploration on the construction of a scientific data resource system for apple industry in China[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(6):719-726.
[2]里程辉,刘志,王宏,等.我国苹果的产业现状分析及节本增效关键技术[J].北方园艺,2016(3):174-177.LI CH H,LIU ZH,WANG H,et al.Status analysis and key technology of high efficiency of apple industry in China[J].Northern Horticulture,2016(3):174-177.
[3]陈学森,韩明玉,苏桂林,等.当今世界苹果产业发展趋势及我国苹果产业优质高效发展意见[J].果树学报,2010,27(4):598-604.CHEN X S,HAN M Y,SU G L,et al.Discussion on today's word apple industry trends and the suggestions on sustainable and efficient development of apple industry in China[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2010,27(4):598-604.
[4]过国南,阎振立,张恒涛,等.我国早、中熟苹果品种的生产现状、选育进展及发展展望[J].果树学报,2009,26(6):871-877.GUO G N,YAN ZH L,ZHANG H T,et al.Current situation of production of early and midseason apple cultivars in China and progress in breeding for early and midseason apple cultivars[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2009,26(6):871-877.
[5]李健花,高晶晶,冯新新,等.'金冠'苹果与其无锈芽变的果皮性状比较和防锈技术研究[J].园艺学报,2014,41(1):35-43.LI J H,GAO J J,FENG X X,et al.Comparison of peel characteristics between'Golden Delicious'and its non-russet sport'Fengshuai'apples to explore a method to prevent fruit russeting[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2014,41(1):35-43.
[6]高华,赵政阳,王雷存,等.苹果新品种'瑞雪'的选育[J].果树学报,2016,33(3):374-377.GAO H,ZHAO ZH Y,WANG L C,et al.Breeding report of a new apple cultivar'Ruixue'[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(3):374-377.
[7]吴厚玖,陈荣柱,李育农.金冠苹果果锈发生时期与锈化过程的研究[J].园艺学报,1984,11(1):51-54,75-76.WU H J,CHEN R ZH,LI Y N.Study on the date of occurrence and histological development of russeting in golden delicious apples[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1984,11(1):51-54,75-76.
[8]COMBRINK N K,LABUSCHAGNE M T,BIJZET Z.Variation of fruit size and shape in Kiyomi tangor families[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,162:357-364.
[9]高华,鲁玉妙,赵政阳,等.柱型苹果杂交后代果实性状遗传[J].西北农业学报,2004,13(1):76-79.GAO H,LU Y M,ZHAO ZH Y,et al.Fruit genetic characters of hybrid posterity of columnar apple[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2004,13(1):76-79.
[10]戴洪义,王彩虹,迟斌,等.柱型苹果品种选育研究(英文)[J].果树学报,2003,20(2):79-83.DAI H Y,WANG C H,CHI B,et al.Report on breeding columnar apple varieties[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2003,20(2):79-83.
[11]KOUASSI A B,DUREL C E,COSTA F,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of breeding values for apple fruit-quality traits using pedigreed plant material in Europe[J].Tree Genetics&Genomes,2009,5(4):659-672.
[12]王亚杰,孟蕊,武月妮,等.秦冠、富士苹果杂交后代果实性状遗传趋势分析[J].西北农业学报,2014,24(4):52-59.WANG Y J,MENG R,WU Y N,et al.Genetic tendency of fruit characters in apple hybrids of Qinguan and Fuji[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2014,24(4):52-59.
[13]蒋小兵,王亚杰,杨惠娟,等.苹果杂交后代果实品质的定量评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(11):119-126.JIANG X B,WANG Y J,YANG H J,et al.Quantitative evaluation of fruit quality of apple hybrids[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2016,44(11):119-126.
[14]HECKE K,HERBINGER K,VEBERIR,et al.Sugar-,acid-and phenol contents in apple cultivars from organic and integrated fruit cultivation[J].European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2006,60(9):1136-1140.
[15]刘剑锋,程云清,彭抒昂.梨采后细胞壁成分及果胶酶活性与果肉质地的关系[J].园艺学报,2004,31(5):579-583.LIU J F,CHENG Y Q,PENG SH A,et al The relationship between changes of cell wall components,pectin-degrading enzyme activity and texture of postharvest pear fruit[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2004,31(5):579-583.
[16]文颖强,马锋旺.我国苹果套袋技术应用与研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(2):100-104.WEN Y Q,MA F W.The application and research progress of apple bagging in our country[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2006,34(2):100-104.
[17]SHARMA R R,PAL R K,ASREY R,et al.Pre-harvest fruit bagging influences fruit color and quality of apple cv[J].Agricultural Sciences,2013,4(9):443.
[18]黄保娜,陈佰鸿,毛娟,等.套袋与采收期对'新红星'苹果品质的影响[J].果树学报,2015,32(5):824-834.HUANG B N,CHEN B H,MAO J,et al.Effect of bagging and harvest timing on fruit quality of'Starkrimson'apple[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2015,32(5):824-834.
[19]魏树伟,王少敏,周广芳,等.套袋对皇家嘎拉苹果贮藏过程中香气成分的影响[J].果树学报,2009,26(1):82-85.WEI SH W,WANG SH M,ZHOU G F,et al.Effect of bagging on the fruit aromatic compounds of Royal Gala apples[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2009,26(1):82-85.
[20]CHENG L,RABA R.Accumulation of micronutrients and nitrogendemand-supply relationship of'Gala'/M.26trees grown in sandculture[J].Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science,2009.
[21]张强,魏钦平,刘惠平,等.苹果园土壤养分与果实品质关系的多元分析及优化方案[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(8):1654-1661.ZHANG Q,WEI Q P,LIU H P,et al.Multivariate analysis and optimum proposals of the relationship between soil nutrients and qualities in apple orchard[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(8):1654-1661.
[2]里程辉,刘志,王宏,等.我国苹果的产业现状分析及节本增效关键技术[J].北方园艺,2016(3):174-177.LI CH H,LIU ZH,WANG H,et al.Status analysis and key technology of high efficiency of apple industry in China[J].Northern Horticulture,2016(3):174-177.
[3]陈学森,韩明玉,苏桂林,等.当今世界苹果产业发展趋势及我国苹果产业优质高效发展意见[J].果树学报,2010,27(4):598-604.CHEN X S,HAN M Y,SU G L,et al.Discussion on today's word apple industry trends and the suggestions on sustainable and efficient development of apple industry in China[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2010,27(4):598-604.
[4]过国南,阎振立,张恒涛,等.我国早、中熟苹果品种的生产现状、选育进展及发展展望[J].果树学报,2009,26(6):871-877.GUO G N,YAN ZH L,ZHANG H T,et al.Current situation of production of early and midseason apple cultivars in China and progress in breeding for early and midseason apple cultivars[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2009,26(6):871-877.
[5]李健花,高晶晶,冯新新,等.'金冠'苹果与其无锈芽变的果皮性状比较和防锈技术研究[J].园艺学报,2014,41(1):35-43.LI J H,GAO J J,FENG X X,et al.Comparison of peel characteristics between'Golden Delicious'and its non-russet sport'Fengshuai'apples to explore a method to prevent fruit russeting[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2014,41(1):35-43.
[6]高华,赵政阳,王雷存,等.苹果新品种'瑞雪'的选育[J].果树学报,2016,33(3):374-377.GAO H,ZHAO ZH Y,WANG L C,et al.Breeding report of a new apple cultivar'Ruixue'[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(3):374-377.
[7]吴厚玖,陈荣柱,李育农.金冠苹果果锈发生时期与锈化过程的研究[J].园艺学报,1984,11(1):51-54,75-76.WU H J,CHEN R ZH,LI Y N.Study on the date of occurrence and histological development of russeting in golden delicious apples[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1984,11(1):51-54,75-76.
[8]COMBRINK N K,LABUSCHAGNE M T,BIJZET Z.Variation of fruit size and shape in Kiyomi tangor families[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,162:357-364.
[9]高华,鲁玉妙,赵政阳,等.柱型苹果杂交后代果实性状遗传[J].西北农业学报,2004,13(1):76-79.GAO H,LU Y M,ZHAO ZH Y,et al.Fruit genetic characters of hybrid posterity of columnar apple[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2004,13(1):76-79.
[10]戴洪义,王彩虹,迟斌,等.柱型苹果品种选育研究(英文)[J].果树学报,2003,20(2):79-83.DAI H Y,WANG C H,CHI B,et al.Report on breeding columnar apple varieties[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2003,20(2):79-83.
[11]KOUASSI A B,DUREL C E,COSTA F,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of breeding values for apple fruit-quality traits using pedigreed plant material in Europe[J].Tree Genetics&Genomes,2009,5(4):659-672.
[12]王亚杰,孟蕊,武月妮,等.秦冠、富士苹果杂交后代果实性状遗传趋势分析[J].西北农业学报,2014,24(4):52-59.WANG Y J,MENG R,WU Y N,et al.Genetic tendency of fruit characters in apple hybrids of Qinguan and Fuji[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2014,24(4):52-59.
[13]蒋小兵,王亚杰,杨惠娟,等.苹果杂交后代果实品质的定量评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(11):119-126.JIANG X B,WANG Y J,YANG H J,et al.Quantitative evaluation of fruit quality of apple hybrids[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2016,44(11):119-126.
[14]HECKE K,HERBINGER K,VEBERIR,et al.Sugar-,acid-and phenol contents in apple cultivars from organic and integrated fruit cultivation[J].European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2006,60(9):1136-1140.
[15]刘剑锋,程云清,彭抒昂.梨采后细胞壁成分及果胶酶活性与果肉质地的关系[J].园艺学报,2004,31(5):579-583.LIU J F,CHENG Y Q,PENG SH A,et al The relationship between changes of cell wall components,pectin-degrading enzyme activity and texture of postharvest pear fruit[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2004,31(5):579-583.
[16]文颖强,马锋旺.我国苹果套袋技术应用与研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(2):100-104.WEN Y Q,MA F W.The application and research progress of apple bagging in our country[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2006,34(2):100-104.
[17]SHARMA R R,PAL R K,ASREY R,et al.Pre-harvest fruit bagging influences fruit color and quality of apple cv[J].Agricultural Sciences,2013,4(9):443.
[18]黄保娜,陈佰鸿,毛娟,等.套袋与采收期对'新红星'苹果品质的影响[J].果树学报,2015,32(5):824-834.HUANG B N,CHEN B H,MAO J,et al.Effect of bagging and harvest timing on fruit quality of'Starkrimson'apple[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2015,32(5):824-834.
[19]魏树伟,王少敏,周广芳,等.套袋对皇家嘎拉苹果贮藏过程中香气成分的影响[J].果树学报,2009,26(1):82-85.WEI SH W,WANG SH M,ZHOU G F,et al.Effect of bagging on the fruit aromatic compounds of Royal Gala apples[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2009,26(1):82-85.
[20]CHENG L,RABA R.Accumulation of micronutrients and nitrogendemand-supply relationship of'Gala'/M.26trees grown in sandculture[J].Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science,2009.
[21]张强,魏钦平,刘惠平,等.苹果园土壤养分与果实品质关系的多元分析及优化方案[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(8):1654-1661.ZHANG Q,WEI Q P,LIU H P,et al.Multivariate analysis and optimum proposals of the relationship between soil nutrients and qualities in apple orchard[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(8):1654-1661.