利用国际性慕课提升中国国际话语权问题探析
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摘要
近年来,慕课在全球范围内的兴起为各国塑造国际话语权提供了一个新的隐形场域。当前,中国已有数所高校在Coursera、edX等国际性慕课平台上,推出了70余门有助于提升中国国际话语权的人文社科类课程,包括介绍中国传统文化与价值观念的课程、旗帜鲜明的思想政治理论课和汉语教学三大类,成为讲述中国故事、传递中国声音的重要载体。但这些课程面临着内部先天不足和外部西方强势话语的挑战,需要我们从战略高度采取有效措施,充分发挥国际性慕课在提升中国国际话语权中的积极作用。
In recent years, the rise of MOOCs in the world has provided a new invisible field for countries to shape the right to speak internationally. At present, several universities in China have launched more than 70 humanities and social science courses that help to enhance China's international voice on the international platform, including courses on Chinese traditional culture and values, and ideological and political theory courses and Chinese teaching. These courses have become an important carrier for telling Chinese stories and conveying Chinese voices. However, these courses face the challenges of internal congenital insufficiency and external Western strong discourse. We need to take effective measures from a strategic perspective and give full play to the positive role of international MOOCs in enhancing China's international voice.
In recent years, the rise of MOOCs in the world has provided a new invisible field for countries to shape the right to speak internationally. At present, several universities in China have launched more than 70 humanities and social science courses that help to enhance China's international voice on the international platform, including courses on Chinese traditional culture and values, and ideological and political theory courses and Chinese teaching. These courses have become an important carrier for telling Chinese stories and conveying Chinese voices. However, these courses face the challenges of internal congenital insufficiency and external Western strong discourse. We need to take effective measures from a strategic perspective and give full play to the positive role of international MOOCs in enhancing China's international voice.
引文
(1)习近平:《建设社会主义文化强国,着力提高国家文化软实力》,《人民日报》2014年1月1日。
(2)Class Central是一个专业的全球慕课搜索引擎和评论网站,收集了大量有关慕课的专业数据,并提供了许多深度研究,具备较高的研究参考价值。下文提到的Online Course Report同样是专业的慕课研究网站。
(3)Dhawal Shah,“By The Numbers: MOOCS in 2017”, January 18,2018, https://www.class-central.com/report/mooc-stats-2017/.
(4)Dhawal Shah,“Massive List of MOOC Providers Around the World”, June 15,2017,https://www.class-central.com/report/mooc-providers-list/.
(5)Online Course Report, “The Top 50 Online Course-Providing Universities of 2015”,https://web.archive.org/web/20150101000000.https://www.onlinecoursereport.com/top-50-universities-offering-online-courses/ .在这项调查中,研究者以“提供授予学位在线课程的高校”(Degree-granting Online Universities)和“提供非学分在线课程的高校”(Non-credit Online Course Providing Universities)为标准进行了两个序列的排名,两个序列分别包括25个高校。实际上,绝大多数国际性慕课,特别是由世界级名校开设的慕课通常不提供学位或学分服务,本文的讨论也主要是立足于如何利用非学位或非学分制课程吸引国外用户、从而扩大我国慕课的影响力,所以此处选择“提供非学分在线课程的高校”这一序列排名。
(6)Dhawal Shah,“Class Central Learner Survey (2017): MOOC Users Highly Educated, Have Experienced Career Benefits”, Novermber 27,2017, https://www.class-central.com/report/class-central-learner-survey-2017/.
(7)Online Course Report, “The 50 Most Popular MOOCS of All Time”, https://www.onlinecoursereport.com/the-50-most-popular-moocs-of-all-time/.
(8)Dhawal Shah,“By The Numbers: MOOCS in 2017”,January 18,2018,https://www.class-central.com/report/mooc-stats-2017/.
(9)林露:《中国慕课数量世界第一,在线可听院士讲课》,2018年1月19日,http://edu.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0119/c1006-29775311.html.
(10)陈鹏:《首批四百九十门“国家精品在线开放课程”上线:中国慕课向高质量发展》,《光明日报》2018年1月18日。
(11)习近平:《在文艺工作座谈会上的讲话》,《人民日报》2015年10月15日。
(12)Javier C.Hernández,“ China Turns to Online Education, and Mao, in Its Pursuit of Soft Power”,The New York Times,2015-10-22(A12).
(13)习近平:《举旗帜聚民心育新人兴文化展形象更好完成新形势下宣传思想工作使命任务》,《人民日报》2018年8月23日。
(14)邱吉:《提炼文化精神标识,展示中国形象》,《北京日报》2018年11月26日。
(15)陈曙光:《中国话语与话语中国》,《教学与研究》2015年第10期。
(16)课程原话是:“China's recovery from the Western invasions of the 19th century—rapid recovery in fact—from the era of high imperialism, from the fall of the Qing, was facilitated by and necessitated the use of international models of governance, of international models of revolution.They were not historically Chinese, but in fact were borrowed literally from the West, Marxism, Leninism, Stalinism, Communism.……And as this has been going on, there's also a great deal of uncertainty or ambivalence in China about the fact this connection to, the dependence on, ideas coming from outside.”见edX网站“China Part 10: Greater China Today: The People's Republic, Taiwan, and Hong Kong”课程中的“Part 10 Conclusion”部分。
(17)习近平:《在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上的讲话》,《人民日报》2016年5月19日。
(18)习近平:《在文艺工作座谈会上的讲话》,《人民日报》2015年10月15日。
(19)③ 习近平:《在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上的讲话》,《人民日报》2016年5月19日。
(20)习近平:《举旗帜聚民心育新人兴文化展形象更好完成新形势下宣传思想工作使命任务》,《人民日报》2018年8月23日。
(21)习近平:《胸怀大局把握大势着眼大势,努力把宣传思想工作做得更好》,《人民日报》2013年8月21日。
(22)慧辰资讯TMT互联网研究部:《教育部在线研究中心与慧辰资讯联合发布2016中国慕课行业白皮书》,2016年10月11日,http://www.datayuan.cn/article/7868.htm.
(23)陈鹏:《首批四百九十门“国家精品在线开放课程”上线:中国慕课向高质量发展》,《光明日报》2018年1月18日。
(24)《教育部关于加强高等学校在线开放课程建设应用与管理的意见(教高[2015]3号)》,2015年4月13日,http://old.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s7056/201504/186490.html.
(2)Class Central是一个专业的全球慕课搜索引擎和评论网站,收集了大量有关慕课的专业数据,并提供了许多深度研究,具备较高的研究参考价值。下文提到的Online Course Report同样是专业的慕课研究网站。
(3)Dhawal Shah,“By The Numbers: MOOCS in 2017”, January 18,2018, https://www.class-central.com/report/mooc-stats-2017/.
(4)Dhawal Shah,“Massive List of MOOC Providers Around the World”, June 15,2017,https://www.class-central.com/report/mooc-providers-list/.
(5)Online Course Report, “The Top 50 Online Course-Providing Universities of 2015”,https://web.archive.org/web/20150101000000.https://www.onlinecoursereport.com/top-50-universities-offering-online-courses/ .在这项调查中,研究者以“提供授予学位在线课程的高校”(Degree-granting Online Universities)和“提供非学分在线课程的高校”(Non-credit Online Course Providing Universities)为标准进行了两个序列的排名,两个序列分别包括25个高校。实际上,绝大多数国际性慕课,特别是由世界级名校开设的慕课通常不提供学位或学分服务,本文的讨论也主要是立足于如何利用非学位或非学分制课程吸引国外用户、从而扩大我国慕课的影响力,所以此处选择“提供非学分在线课程的高校”这一序列排名。
(6)Dhawal Shah,“Class Central Learner Survey (2017): MOOC Users Highly Educated, Have Experienced Career Benefits”, Novermber 27,2017, https://www.class-central.com/report/class-central-learner-survey-2017/.
(7)Online Course Report, “The 50 Most Popular MOOCS of All Time”, https://www.onlinecoursereport.com/the-50-most-popular-moocs-of-all-time/.
(8)Dhawal Shah,“By The Numbers: MOOCS in 2017”,January 18,2018,https://www.class-central.com/report/mooc-stats-2017/.
(9)林露:《中国慕课数量世界第一,在线可听院士讲课》,2018年1月19日,http://edu.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0119/c1006-29775311.html.
(10)陈鹏:《首批四百九十门“国家精品在线开放课程”上线:中国慕课向高质量发展》,《光明日报》2018年1月18日。
(11)习近平:《在文艺工作座谈会上的讲话》,《人民日报》2015年10月15日。
(12)Javier C.Hernández,“ China Turns to Online Education, and Mao, in Its Pursuit of Soft Power”,The New York Times,2015-10-22(A12).
(13)习近平:《举旗帜聚民心育新人兴文化展形象更好完成新形势下宣传思想工作使命任务》,《人民日报》2018年8月23日。
(14)邱吉:《提炼文化精神标识,展示中国形象》,《北京日报》2018年11月26日。
(15)陈曙光:《中国话语与话语中国》,《教学与研究》2015年第10期。
(16)课程原话是:“China's recovery from the Western invasions of the 19th century—rapid recovery in fact—from the era of high imperialism, from the fall of the Qing, was facilitated by and necessitated the use of international models of governance, of international models of revolution.They were not historically Chinese, but in fact were borrowed literally from the West, Marxism, Leninism, Stalinism, Communism.……And as this has been going on, there's also a great deal of uncertainty or ambivalence in China about the fact this connection to, the dependence on, ideas coming from outside.”见edX网站“China Part 10: Greater China Today: The People's Republic, Taiwan, and Hong Kong”课程中的“Part 10 Conclusion”部分。
(17)习近平:《在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上的讲话》,《人民日报》2016年5月19日。
(18)习近平:《在文艺工作座谈会上的讲话》,《人民日报》2015年10月15日。
(19)③ 习近平:《在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上的讲话》,《人民日报》2016年5月19日。
(20)习近平:《举旗帜聚民心育新人兴文化展形象更好完成新形势下宣传思想工作使命任务》,《人民日报》2018年8月23日。
(21)习近平:《胸怀大局把握大势着眼大势,努力把宣传思想工作做得更好》,《人民日报》2013年8月21日。
(22)慧辰资讯TMT互联网研究部:《教育部在线研究中心与慧辰资讯联合发布2016中国慕课行业白皮书》,2016年10月11日,http://www.datayuan.cn/article/7868.htm.
(23)陈鹏:《首批四百九十门“国家精品在线开放课程”上线:中国慕课向高质量发展》,《光明日报》2018年1月18日。
(24)《教育部关于加强高等学校在线开放课程建设应用与管理的意见(教高[2015]3号)》,2015年4月13日,http://old.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s7056/201504/186490.html.