中国蛋鸡福利化养殖现状与发展趋势
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摘要
蛋鸡福利化养殖是将动物福利与鸡蛋生产有机结合产生的养殖模式,是蛋鸡产业发展趋势。目前中国蛋鸡养殖以传统笼养为主,蛋鸡福利化养殖有待开展。笔者阐述了蛋鸡福利化养殖定义和养殖方式,然后从蛋鸡养殖环境富集化、养殖设备、饲养密度、饲养管理(断喙、强制换羽、通风换气和光照等)、运输和屠宰等方面总结了蛋鸡福利养殖现状。最后指出目前中国蛋鸡福利化生产存在的问题并提出相应的对策,为蛋鸡福利化养殖提供参考,促进蛋鸡产业的健康稳定发展。
Welfare rearing of laying hens combines welfare with production of laying hens,and is thedeveloping trend of laying hen industry.At present,cage rearing is dominant in China,welfare rearing of layinghens needs to be carried out.First,we clarified the definition and modes of welfare rearing of laying hens.Second,we summarized the current status of welfare rearing from the following aspects,i.e.enrichment ofrearing environment,rearing equipment,rearing density,management(beak broken,forced moulting,ventilation,light,etc.),transportation,and slaughter.Finally,we pointed out the existing problems for welfarerearing of laying hens and put forward corresponding countermeasures,aiming to provide a reference for thewelfare rearing and promote the healthy and stable development of laying hen industry in China.
Welfare rearing of laying hens combines welfare with production of laying hens,and is thedeveloping trend of laying hen industry.At present,cage rearing is dominant in China,welfare rearing of layinghens needs to be carried out.First,we clarified the definition and modes of welfare rearing of laying hens.Second,we summarized the current status of welfare rearing from the following aspects,i.e.enrichment ofrearing environment,rearing equipment,rearing density,management(beak broken,forced moulting,ventilation,light,etc.),transportation,and slaughter.Finally,we pointed out the existing problems for welfarerearing of laying hens and put forward corresponding countermeasures,aiming to provide a reference for thewelfare rearing and promote the healthy and stable development of laying hen industry in China.
引文
[1]何柳青.蛋鸡传统笼养中的福利问题[J].养禽与禽病防治,2011(12):16-18.
[2]童海兵,邵丹,施寿荣,等.蛋鸡福利研究现状与展望[J].中国家禽,2015,37(5):1-5.
[3]王来有.欧盟禁止蛋鸡传统笼养的进程和影响[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2012(3):9-10.
[4]Blokhuis H.J,Fiks Van Niekerk T,Bessei W.关注欧盟蛋鸡福利计划[J].中国家禽,2007,29(24):26-32.
[5]王永康.未来蛋鸡笼养的发展[J].中国家禽,2002,24(20):1-4.
[6]Farm Animal Welfare Council(FAWC)[EB/OL].http://www.fawc.org.uk/freedoms.htm.,2009-06-19.
[7]顾宪红.畜禽福利与畜产品品质安全[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2005.
[8]陈连颐.欧盟蛋鸡笼养方式改革:大限已至,14个欧盟国家未实施[J].中国禽业导刊,2012,29(3):49.
[9]王进圣.我国蛋鸡行业发展的回顾与展望[J].中国家禽,2007,29(14):1-4.
[10]Michel V,Huonnic D.A comparison of welfare,health and production performance of laying hens reared in cages or in aviaries[J].Br.Poult.Sci,2003,44(5):775-776.
[11]姜旭明.不同福利条件对肉鸡生产性能和肉质性状的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.
[12]王永芬,席磊,赵亚军,等.栖架式舍饲散养模式对蛋鸡行为与鸡舍环境的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2017,45(1):20-27.
[13]Tauson R.Furnished cages and aviaries:production and health[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,2002,58(1):49-63.
[14]白水莉.饲养密度和环境富集材料对肉鸡福利状况、生产性能和肉品质的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2009.
[15]Tactacan G B,Guenter W,Lewis N J.Performance andwelfare of laying hens in conventional and enriched cages[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(4):698-707.
[16]杨柳,李保明.蛋鸡福利化养殖模式及技术装备研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):214-221.
[17]王龙.饲养密度对层叠笼养蛋鸡生产性能以及福利影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农业大学,2015.
[18]李凯年.笼养产蛋母鸡饲养的动物福利问题[J].中国畜牧兽医科技信息,2005(9):8-12.
[19]Bilcík B,Keeling L J.Relationship between featherpecking and ground pecking in aying hens and the effect ofgroup size[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2000,68:55-66.
[20]李宏升,王永智.断喙新法——红外线断喙[J].养殖技术顾问,2007,17(3):23-27.
[21]姚俊峰,王敏,王晓亮,等.不同断喙方式对青年后备蛋鸡生长发育的影响[J].中国家禽,2015,37(10):30-33.
[22]王翔,尹才,边海霞,等.红外断喙在海兰褐父母代种鸡中应用效果观察[J].中国家禽,2016,38(4):61-62.
[23]朱静.红外线断喙可降低蛋鸡生产性能[J].中国家禽,2012,34(20):66-67.
[24]廖冰,宁中华.蛋鸡健康养殖之福利的研究进展[J].家禽科学,2011,2:3-9.
[25]Gordon R,Bryant M M,Roland D A.Performance profitability of second-cycle laying hens as influenced by body weight and body weigh reduction during molt[J].Appl.Poult.Res.2009,18:223-231.
[26]马振平.蛋鸡强制换羽实验与研究[C].第四届京津冀一体化畜牧兽医科技创新研讨会暨“瑞普杯”新思想、新方法、新观点论坛,2014.
[27]杜永所,庞利娜,王艳平.蛋鸡精准化通风技术的研究与应用[J].家禽科学,2016(12):25-27.
[28]尤永君.蛋鸡健康养殖技术之饲料、水、通风与免疫[J].现代家禽,2013(5):42-44.
[29]王长平,包军,付钓钧,等.人工光照对鸡福利的影响[J].中国家禽,2006,12(23):30-31.
[30]于江明.LED灯不同光照强度对层叠笼养蛋鸡生产性能以及福利影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农业大学,2016.
[31]Lewis P,Morris T.Light intensity and performance of domestic pullets[J].Worlds Poultry Science Journal,1999,55:242-250.
[32]Renema R,Robinson F,Feddes F,et al.Effects of light intensity from photostimulation in four strains of commercial egg layers:2.egg production parameters[J].Poultry Science,2001,80:1121-1131.
[33]Mohammed H H,Grashom M A,Bessei W.The effects of lighting conditions on the behaviour of laying hens[J].Archiv fur Geflugelkunde,2010,74(3):197-202.
[34]宋建楼,金三俊,郭照宙,等.蛋鸡的光照管理[J].饲料博览,2016(3):40-43.
[35]李继伟,李运龙,顾亚玲.改善我国家禽福利状况的探讨[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(26):8229-8230.
[36]刘记强,康相涛.改善蛋鸡福利的措施[J].中国家禽,2008,30(24):61-62.
[37]王龙.饲养密度对层叠笼养蛋鸡生产性能以及福利影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农业大学,2015.
[38]朱宁,秦富.蛋鸡产业发展的国际趋势及中国展望[J].中国家禽,2016,38(20):1-5.
[39]曹光乔,潘丹.我国蛋鸡养殖成本收益及其影响因素分析[J].中国家禽,2011,33(17):26-28.
[40]杜立新,唐辉.蛋鸡饲养手册[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1998.
[41]程金花,包文斌.欧洲和国际动物福利规则的最新发展[J].国外畜牧学猪与禽,2005,25(4):469-477.
[2]童海兵,邵丹,施寿荣,等.蛋鸡福利研究现状与展望[J].中国家禽,2015,37(5):1-5.
[3]王来有.欧盟禁止蛋鸡传统笼养的进程和影响[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2012(3):9-10.
[4]Blokhuis H.J,Fiks Van Niekerk T,Bessei W.关注欧盟蛋鸡福利计划[J].中国家禽,2007,29(24):26-32.
[5]王永康.未来蛋鸡笼养的发展[J].中国家禽,2002,24(20):1-4.
[6]Farm Animal Welfare Council(FAWC)[EB/OL].http://www.fawc.org.uk/freedoms.htm.,2009-06-19.
[7]顾宪红.畜禽福利与畜产品品质安全[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2005.
[8]陈连颐.欧盟蛋鸡笼养方式改革:大限已至,14个欧盟国家未实施[J].中国禽业导刊,2012,29(3):49.
[9]王进圣.我国蛋鸡行业发展的回顾与展望[J].中国家禽,2007,29(14):1-4.
[10]Michel V,Huonnic D.A comparison of welfare,health and production performance of laying hens reared in cages or in aviaries[J].Br.Poult.Sci,2003,44(5):775-776.
[11]姜旭明.不同福利条件对肉鸡生产性能和肉质性状的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.
[12]王永芬,席磊,赵亚军,等.栖架式舍饲散养模式对蛋鸡行为与鸡舍环境的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2017,45(1):20-27.
[13]Tauson R.Furnished cages and aviaries:production and health[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,2002,58(1):49-63.
[14]白水莉.饲养密度和环境富集材料对肉鸡福利状况、生产性能和肉品质的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2009.
[15]Tactacan G B,Guenter W,Lewis N J.Performance andwelfare of laying hens in conventional and enriched cages[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(4):698-707.
[16]杨柳,李保明.蛋鸡福利化养殖模式及技术装备研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):214-221.
[17]王龙.饲养密度对层叠笼养蛋鸡生产性能以及福利影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农业大学,2015.
[18]李凯年.笼养产蛋母鸡饲养的动物福利问题[J].中国畜牧兽医科技信息,2005(9):8-12.
[19]Bilcík B,Keeling L J.Relationship between featherpecking and ground pecking in aying hens and the effect ofgroup size[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2000,68:55-66.
[20]李宏升,王永智.断喙新法——红外线断喙[J].养殖技术顾问,2007,17(3):23-27.
[21]姚俊峰,王敏,王晓亮,等.不同断喙方式对青年后备蛋鸡生长发育的影响[J].中国家禽,2015,37(10):30-33.
[22]王翔,尹才,边海霞,等.红外断喙在海兰褐父母代种鸡中应用效果观察[J].中国家禽,2016,38(4):61-62.
[23]朱静.红外线断喙可降低蛋鸡生产性能[J].中国家禽,2012,34(20):66-67.
[24]廖冰,宁中华.蛋鸡健康养殖之福利的研究进展[J].家禽科学,2011,2:3-9.
[25]Gordon R,Bryant M M,Roland D A.Performance profitability of second-cycle laying hens as influenced by body weight and body weigh reduction during molt[J].Appl.Poult.Res.2009,18:223-231.
[26]马振平.蛋鸡强制换羽实验与研究[C].第四届京津冀一体化畜牧兽医科技创新研讨会暨“瑞普杯”新思想、新方法、新观点论坛,2014.
[27]杜永所,庞利娜,王艳平.蛋鸡精准化通风技术的研究与应用[J].家禽科学,2016(12):25-27.
[28]尤永君.蛋鸡健康养殖技术之饲料、水、通风与免疫[J].现代家禽,2013(5):42-44.
[29]王长平,包军,付钓钧,等.人工光照对鸡福利的影响[J].中国家禽,2006,12(23):30-31.
[30]于江明.LED灯不同光照强度对层叠笼养蛋鸡生产性能以及福利影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农业大学,2016.
[31]Lewis P,Morris T.Light intensity and performance of domestic pullets[J].Worlds Poultry Science Journal,1999,55:242-250.
[32]Renema R,Robinson F,Feddes F,et al.Effects of light intensity from photostimulation in four strains of commercial egg layers:2.egg production parameters[J].Poultry Science,2001,80:1121-1131.
[33]Mohammed H H,Grashom M A,Bessei W.The effects of lighting conditions on the behaviour of laying hens[J].Archiv fur Geflugelkunde,2010,74(3):197-202.
[34]宋建楼,金三俊,郭照宙,等.蛋鸡的光照管理[J].饲料博览,2016(3):40-43.
[35]李继伟,李运龙,顾亚玲.改善我国家禽福利状况的探讨[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(26):8229-8230.
[36]刘记强,康相涛.改善蛋鸡福利的措施[J].中国家禽,2008,30(24):61-62.
[37]王龙.饲养密度对层叠笼养蛋鸡生产性能以及福利影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农业大学,2015.
[38]朱宁,秦富.蛋鸡产业发展的国际趋势及中国展望[J].中国家禽,2016,38(20):1-5.
[39]曹光乔,潘丹.我国蛋鸡养殖成本收益及其影响因素分析[J].中国家禽,2011,33(17):26-28.
[40]杜立新,唐辉.蛋鸡饲养手册[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1998.
[41]程金花,包文斌.欧洲和国际动物福利规则的最新发展[J].国外畜牧学猪与禽,2005,25(4):469-477.