复合材料杆塔人工加速老化试验及其长期性能评估
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摘要
复合材料杆塔在实际运行中受到高湿、高低温、紫外线、雨水和电场等多种因素的侵蚀老化,同时导线在风力作用下的振动也会造成杆塔应力疲劳老化。为全面评估复合材料杆塔的运行可靠性和耐老化特性,结合我国杆塔实际运行环境,在IEC 5 000 h多因子老化试验方法的基础上进行改进,首次对复合材料杆塔开展人工加速老化试验,并通过在杆塔表面植入光纤光栅传感器实时监测杆塔应变。试验前,通过有限元力学仿真确定光纤光栅传感器在杆塔上的植入部位;试验中通过加装振动装置模拟风力对杆塔的影响。对杆塔应变数据进行分析,结果显示:紫外和高热高湿环境对杆塔应变有较大影响;经过5 000 h人工加速老化试验后,杆塔应变变化幅度小,杆塔未出现明显缺陷,表明复合材料杆塔可在户外长期运行。
The ageing process of composite material tower is affected by multi-stress such as high humidity,high-low temperature,UV,rain and strong field in practical operation,and the process is exacerbated due to stress fatigue caused by conductor vibration in strong wind. Thus combined with tower actual running environment in China,a new circulation program for artificial accelerated ageing test was proposed according to IEC 5 000 h multi-stress test procedure. And the reliability and anti-aging capacities of composite material tower were evaluated by monitoring the strain of it via fiber grating sensors implanted in the tower. Before the test, the stress distribution of the tower sample was calculated with finite element method to determine implantation places of fiber grating sensors. In the test,the effect of wind was simulated by a vibration device. The test results show that the tower strain is affected by UV and hydrothermal ageing; the surface of composite material tower remains intact after 5 000 h multi-stress artificial accelerated ageing test,and the strain of tower changes slightly with time,which proves long-term reliability of composite material tower.
The ageing process of composite material tower is affected by multi-stress such as high humidity,high-low temperature,UV,rain and strong field in practical operation,and the process is exacerbated due to stress fatigue caused by conductor vibration in strong wind. Thus combined with tower actual running environment in China,a new circulation program for artificial accelerated ageing test was proposed according to IEC 5 000 h multi-stress test procedure. And the reliability and anti-aging capacities of composite material tower were evaluated by monitoring the strain of it via fiber grating sensors implanted in the tower. Before the test, the stress distribution of the tower sample was calculated with finite element method to determine implantation places of fiber grating sensors. In the test,the effect of wind was simulated by a vibration device. The test results show that the tower strain is affected by UV and hydrothermal ageing; the surface of composite material tower remains intact after 5 000 h multi-stress artificial accelerated ageing test,and the strain of tower changes slightly with time,which proves long-term reliability of composite material tower.
引文
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[22]李庆锋,宿志一.高压直流复合绝缘子5 000 h人工加速老化试验[J].电网技术,2006,30(12):64-68.Li Qingfeng,Su Zhiyi.5000 h artificial accelerating ageing test of HVDC composite insulator[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(12):64-68.
[23]Yamamoto H,Zhu Y,Otsubo M,et al.IEC 5000 h multi-stress test on polymeric insulators[C]//Proceedings of 2005 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials(ISEIM),2005:580-583.
[24]梁曦东,张轶博,殷禹,等.复合绝缘子的5 000 h多因素试验及长期性能评价[J].高电压技术,2012,28(10):2492-2498.Liang Xidong,Zhang Yibo,Yin Yu,et al.5 000 h multi-stress test procedure for silicone rubber composite insulators and its applications in long term performance evaluation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,28(10):2492-2498.
[2]柳伟钧,张锦南,王强华.复合材料杆塔技术和应用现状[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2014(6):76-82.Liu Weijun,Zhang Jinnan,Wang Qianghua.Composite pole&tower technology application status[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2014(6):76-82.
[3]梅端,王佳婕,林峰.玻璃纤维在复合材料杆塔中的应用前景[J].玻璃纤维,2013(4):14-18.Mei Duan,Wang Jiajie,Lin Feng.Prospects of glass fiber application in composite poles and towers[J].Fiber Glass,2013(4):14-18.
[4]Stewart R.Pultruded poles carry power[J].Reinforced Plastic,2003,1:20-24.
[5]杨林,王虎长,赵雪灵.复合材料在输电杆塔中的应用研究[J].中国电力,2014,47(1):53-56.Yang Lin,Wang Huchang,Zhao Xueling.Application research of FRP in the transmission structures[J].Northeast Electric Power Technology,2014,47(1):53-56.
[6]胡毅,刘庭,刘凯,等.110 k V输电线路复合材料杆塔特性试验研究[J].高电压技术,2011,37(4):801-808.Hu Yi,Liu Ting,Liu Kai,et al.Experimental research on performance of composite materials pole of110 k V transmission line[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(4):801-808.
[7]李志军,陈维江,戴敏,等.110 k V双回线路管型复合材料杆避雷线架设与接地方案研究[J].电网技术,2014,38(11):3230-3235.Li Zhijun,Chen Weijiang,Dai Min,et al.Erection scheme of overhead grounding wire on composite material pole and its grounding for 110 k V double circuit overhead transmission lines[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(11):3230-3235.
[8]李志军,陈维江,姜文东,等.110 k V双回线路格构式复合材料杆塔雷电防护研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):76-83.Li Zhijun,Chen Weijiang,Jiang Wendong,et al.Research on lightning protection of lattice composite material tower of 110 k V double circuit line[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):76-83.
[9]李志军,陈维江,张彤,等.110 k V双回线路格构式复合材料杆塔电气结构设计[J].电网技术,2015,39(2):536-542.Li Zhijun,Chen Weijiang,Zhang Tong,et al.Electrical structure design of lattice composite material tower of 110 k V double circuit transmission line[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(2):536-542.
[10]黄文焘,邰能灵,范春菊,等.基于杆塔结构力学测量的线路覆冰在线监测系统研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(24):71-75.Huang Wentao,Tai Nengling,Fan Chunju,et al.Study on icing monitoring system of different tower overhead transmission lines based on mechanics measurements[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(24):71-75.
[11]王燕,皇甫成,杜志叶,等.覆冰情况下输电线路有限元计算及其结构优化[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(8):99-106.Wang Yan,Huang Fucheng,Du Zhiye,et al.Finite element calculation and structural optimization method for the high voltage transmission line under icing condition[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(8):99-106.
[12]张明艳,王晨,吴淑龙,等.碳纳米管、蒙脱土共掺杂环氧树脂复合材料介电性能研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(10):151-158.Zhang Mingyan,Wang Chen,Wu Shulong,et al.Research on dielectric properties of epoxy resin composites doped with carbon nanotubes and montmorillonite[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(10):151-158.
[13]周柏杰,吴雄,胡虔.输电杆塔用复合材料性能研究—树脂体系对复合材料性能的影响[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2014(4):66-71.Zhou Baijie,Wu Xiong,Hu Qian.Study on the properties of fiber reinforced polymers(FRP)used in the power transmission poles-influences of the resin systems of the properties of FRP[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2014(4):66-71.
[14]王旗,李喆,尹毅,等.微/纳米氧化铝/环氧树脂复合材料抑制电树枝生长能力的研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(6):255-260.Wang Qi,Li Zhe,Yin Yi,et al.The effect of micro and nano alumina on the ability of impedance on the electrical tree of epoxy resin[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(6):255-260.
[15]张明艳,隋珊,陈金玉,等.功能化碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(4):97-102.Zhang Mingyan,Sui Shan,Chen Jinyu,et al.Study of properties of functional multi-walled carbon nanotubes/epoxy nanocomposites[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(4):97-102.
[16]王旗,李喆,尹毅,等.微、纳米无机颗粒/环氧树脂复合材料击穿强度性能[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):230-235.Wang Qi,Li Zhe,Yin Yi,et al.The effect of micro and nano inorganic filler on the breakdown strength of epoxy resin[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):230-235.
[17]胡长猛,谢从珍,袁超,等.雾霾对输变电设备外绝缘特性影响机理综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(16):147-154.Hu Changmeng,Xie Congzhen,Yuan Chao,et al.A review on influence mechanism of haze on external insulation characteristics of transmission and transformation equipment[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(16):147-154.
[18]黄汉良,张子超,林峰.我国输配电线路复合材料杆塔的应用现状[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2014(3):66-70.Huang Hanliang,Zhang Zichao,Lin Feng.The applied study for the composite pole and tower of domestic transmission line[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2014(3):66-70.
[19]唐波,迟兴江,姚磊.新型绝缘输电杆塔的发展及展望[J],电力学报,2010,25(4):325-327.Tang Bo,Chi Xingjiang,Yao Lei.Development and prospect new electric power tower made in FRP[J].Journal of Electric Power,2010,25(4):325-327.
[20]柳欢欢,朱晓东,柯锐,等.10 k V复合材料输电杆塔有限元结构设计及工程应用研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2015(1):69-73.Liu Huanhuan,Zhu Xiaodong,Ke Rui,et al.FEM structure design of 10 k V composite transmission tower and the application study of engineering[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2015(1):69-73.
[21]殷禹,梁曦东,李庆锋,等.复合绝缘子的人工加速老化试验[J].电网技术,2006,30(12):69-74.Yin Yu,Liang Xidong,Li Qingfeng,et al.Artificial accelerated ageing test of composite insulators[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(12):69-74.
[22]李庆锋,宿志一.高压直流复合绝缘子5 000 h人工加速老化试验[J].电网技术,2006,30(12):64-68.Li Qingfeng,Su Zhiyi.5000 h artificial accelerating ageing test of HVDC composite insulator[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(12):64-68.
[23]Yamamoto H,Zhu Y,Otsubo M,et al.IEC 5000 h multi-stress test on polymeric insulators[C]//Proceedings of 2005 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials(ISEIM),2005:580-583.
[24]梁曦东,张轶博,殷禹,等.复合绝缘子的5 000 h多因素试验及长期性能评价[J].高电压技术,2012,28(10):2492-2498.Liang Xidong,Zhang Yibo,Yin Yu,et al.5 000 h multi-stress test procedure for silicone rubber composite insulators and its applications in long term performance evaluation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,28(10):2492-2498.