小兴安岭蒙古栎和黄菠萝径向生长对气候变化的响应比较
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摘要
蒙古栎和黄菠萝是东北温带森林中重要的阔叶树种,探究二者对气候变化的响应关系能够为未来气候变化情境下东北阔叶林的经营、保护及恢复提供科学依据.本文在小兴安岭地区沿经度梯度设置3个采样点——海伦、铁力和伊春,运用树轮年代学方法建立了3个采样点蒙古栎和黄菠萝的标准年表,分析了其与当地气候因子的关系,揭示了蒙古栎和黄菠萝生长-气候关系的时空变异规律.结果表明:研究区黄菠萝径向生长对生长季温度变化敏感,而蒙古栎径向生长受生长季温度和降水的共同限制作用.蒙古栎和黄菠萝对温度的响应存在差异:春季均温升高抑制蒙古栎径向生长,而促进黄菠萝径向生长;夏季高温对蒙古栎径向生长的限制作用明显高于黄菠萝.随经度(水分)增加,蒙古栎径向生长与水分因子的关系逐渐减弱,而黄菠萝没有明显变化.树种生理特性是影响树木生长-气候关系的关键因素.1976年升温后,黄菠萝生长随温度升高而升高,但蒙古栎生长却随温度升高而呈下降趋势.升温造成的干旱胁迫可能是两树种生长响应差异及蒙古栎出现响应分异现象的重要原因.如果未来增温趋势持续或者加重,蒙古栎的生长可能会因干旱胁迫加剧而衰退,黄菠萝则不受影响或生长略微加快.
Quercus mongolica and Phellodendron amurense are two important broad-leaved species in temperate forests of Northeast China. It is critical to explore their responses to climate change for supporting management, protection, and restoration of the broad-leaved forest in Northeast China under the future climate change scenario. Three sampling sites along a longitude gradient, Heilun, Tieli and Yichun, were set up in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains. Dendrochronological methods were used to establish standard chronologies for Q. mongolica and P. amurense. Correlation analyses were conducted between these chronologies and local climatic factors to establish the spatial and temporal variations in growth-climate relationship of Q. mongolica and P. amurense. The results showed that the radial growth of P. amurense was sensitive to temperature, while that of Q. mongolica was limi-ted by both temperature and precipitation. The temperature sensitivities of these two species were different. High spring temperature inhibited the radial growth of Q. mongolica, but promoted that of P. amurense. The limiting effect of high maximum temperature in summer on radial growth of Q. mongolica was significantly higher than that of P. amurense. With the increases of longitude(water availability), the correlation coefficients between radial growth of Q. mongolica and precipitation gradually weakened, while P. amurense didn't change. The physiological characteristics of those tree species was the key factors affecting their growth-climate relationship. With the significant warming since the 1976, the growth trend of P. amurense increased, whilst that of Q. mongolica decreased. Deteriorated drought stress caused by warming and difference in the species' ability to cope with water deficits might be the main reasons for different responses of two species, and for the divergence phenomenon occurring for Q. mongolica. If warming continues or worsens in the future, the growth of Q. mongolica may decline due to the intensified drought stress, while that of P. amurense may be less affected or be slightly enhanced.
Quercus mongolica and Phellodendron amurense are two important broad-leaved species in temperate forests of Northeast China. It is critical to explore their responses to climate change for supporting management, protection, and restoration of the broad-leaved forest in Northeast China under the future climate change scenario. Three sampling sites along a longitude gradient, Heilun, Tieli and Yichun, were set up in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains. Dendrochronological methods were used to establish standard chronologies for Q. mongolica and P. amurense. Correlation analyses were conducted between these chronologies and local climatic factors to establish the spatial and temporal variations in growth-climate relationship of Q. mongolica and P. amurense. The results showed that the radial growth of P. amurense was sensitive to temperature, while that of Q. mongolica was limi-ted by both temperature and precipitation. The temperature sensitivities of these two species were different. High spring temperature inhibited the radial growth of Q. mongolica, but promoted that of P. amurense. The limiting effect of high maximum temperature in summer on radial growth of Q. mongolica was significantly higher than that of P. amurense. With the increases of longitude(water availability), the correlation coefficients between radial growth of Q. mongolica and precipitation gradually weakened, while P. amurense didn't change. The physiological characteristics of those tree species was the key factors affecting their growth-climate relationship. With the significant warming since the 1976, the growth trend of P. amurense increased, whilst that of Q. mongolica decreased. Deteriorated drought stress caused by warming and difference in the species' ability to cope with water deficits might be the main reasons for different responses of two species, and for the divergence phenomenon occurring for Q. mongolica. If warming continues or worsens in the future, the growth of Q. mongolica may decline due to the intensified drought stress, while that of P. amurense may be less affected or be slightly enhanced.
引文
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[9] Lyu SN,Wang XC,Zhang YD,et al.Different responses of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and Mongolia oak (Quercus mongolica) growth to recent climate warming in Northeast China.Dendrochronologia,2017,45:113-122
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[14] Guo B-D (郭滨德),Zhang Y-D (张远东),Wang X-C (王晓春).Response of Picea purpurea and Abies faxoniana tree rings at different slope aspects to rapid warming in western Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,27(2):354-364 (in Chinese)
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[16] Cao S-J (曹受金),Cao F-X (曹福祥),Xiang W-H (项文化).Tree-ring-based reconstruction of the temperature variations in February and March since 1890 AD in southern Jiangxi Province,China.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2012,32(20):6369-6375 (in Chinese)
[17] Jiang Q-B (姜庆彪),Zhao X-H (赵秀海),Gao L-S (高露双),et al.Growth response to climate in Chinese pine as a function of tree diameter.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2012,32(12):3859-3865 (in Chinese)
[18] Liu M (刘敏),Mao Z-J (毛子军),Li Y (厉悦),et al.Response of radial growth of Pinus koraiensis in broad-leaved Korean pine forests with different latitudes to climatic factors.Chinese Journal of Applied Eco-logy (应用生态学报),2016,27(5):1341-1352 (in Chinese)
[19] Bai X-P (白学平),Chang Y-X (常永兴),Zhang X-L (张先亮),et al.Impacts of rapid warming on radial growth of Larix gmelinii on two typical micro-topographies in the recent 30 years.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,27(12):3853-3861 (in Chinese)
[20] Zhang X-L (张先亮),He X-Y (何兴元),Chen Z-J (陈振举),et al.Responses of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica radial growth to climate warming in Great Xing’an Mountains:A case study in Mangui.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2011,22(12):3101-3108 (in Chinese)
[21] Gao L-S (高露双),Wang X-M (王晓明),Zhao X-H (赵秀海).Growth response of two coexisting species to climate change in broadleaved Korean pine forests in Changbai Mountain,northeastern China.Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报),2013,35(3):24-31 (in Chinese)
[22] Tang HY,Zhai PM,Wang ZY.On change in mean maximum temperature,minimum temperature and diurnal range in China during 1951-2002.Climatic & Environmental Research,2005,10:728-735
[23] Ding Y,Ren G,Shi G,et al.National assessment report of climate change.Ⅰ.Climate change in China and its future trend.Advances in Climate Change Research,2006,3:1-5
[24] Liu M (刘敏),Mao Z-J (毛子军),Li Y (厉悦),et al.Response of radial growth to climate change in Pinus koraiensis with different diameter classes.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(11):3530-3540 (in Chinese)
[25] Li T (李腾),He X-Y (何兴元),Chen Z-J (陈振举).Tree-ring growth responses of Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) to climate change in southern Northeast:A case study in Qianshan Mountains.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2014,25(7):1841-1848 (in Chinese)
[26] Zhou X-F (周晓峰),Zhang Y-D (张远东),Sun H-Z (孙慧珍),et al.The effect on climate change on population dynamics of Quercus mongolica in North Greater Xing’an Mountain.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2002,22(7):1035-1040 (in Chinese)
[27] Zhu LJ,Wang XC,Pederson N,et al.Spatial variabi-lity in growth-climate relationships of Amur Cork Tree (Phellodendron amurense) and their connections with PDO in Northeast China.Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,2018,123:1625-1636
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[29] Zhou Y-L (周以良).Flora of Heilongjiang.Harbin:Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press,1986 (in Chinese)
[30] Stokes MA,Smiley TL.An Introduction to Tree-Ring Dating.Tucson,AZ,USA:University of Arizona Press,1996
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[32] Vicenteserrano SM,Beguería S,Lópezmoreno JI.A multiscalar drought index sensitive to global warming:The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index.Journal of Climate,2010,23:1696-1718
[33] Zhou X-J (周秀杰),Wang F-L (王凤玲),Wu Y-Y (吴玉影),et al.Analysis of temperature change cha-racteristics of Heilongjiang Province,northeast China and whole country in recent 60 years.Journal of Natural Disasters (自然灾害学报),2013,22(2):124-129 (in Chinese)
[34] Liang EY,Shao XM,Hu YX,et al.Dendroclimatic evaluation of climate-growth relationships of Meyer spruce (Picea meyeri) on a sandy substrate in semi-arid grassland,north China.Trees,2001,15:230-235
[35] Wang M (王淼),Tao D-L (陶大立).Drought-tole-rance of main tree species in Changbai Mountain.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),1998,9(1):7-10 (in Chinese)
[36] Zhang X-L (张先亮),Cui M-X (崔明星),Ma Y-J (马艳军),et al.Larix gmelinii tree-tint width chrono-logy and its responses to climate change in Kuduer,Great Xing’an Mountains.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2010,21(10):2501-2507 (in Chinese)
[37] Sang W-G (桑卫国),Wang Y-X (王云霞),Su H-X (苏宏新),et al.Response of spruce ring width along the water factor gradient in Tianshan Mountains.Chinese Science Bulletin (科学通报),2007,52(19):2292-2298 (in Chinese)
[38] Wimmer R,Grabner M.Effects of climate on vertical resin duct density and radial growth of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.].Trees,1997,11:271-276
[39] Williams AP,Allen CD,Macalady AK,et al.Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality.Nature Climate Change,2013,3:292-297
[40] Li J-F (李江风),Yuan Y-J (袁玉江).Effect of snow in the tree-ring.Journal of Xinjiang University (Natural Science) (新疆大学学报:自然科学版),1984,7(2):85-92 (in Chinese)
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