豫西鲁山地区寒武系辛集组沉积环境及其控制因素
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摘要
华北板块南缘寒武纪早期沉积盆地和岩相古地理演化一直是地学界研究重点之一。以豫西鲁山石门沟地区寒武系辛集组为研究对象,运用传统沉积学野外剖面观测及室内镜下薄片观察和粒度分析方法,对辛集组沉积环境及其控制因素进行研究,得到以下主要认识:豫西鲁山石门沟地区寒武系辛集组为一套典型的海相陆源碎屑岩沉积,其岩性自下而上由砾岩-砂岩-泥岩过渡,沉积环境向上构成由浅海重力流-滨岸潮坪-潟湖和冲溢扇的垂向演化过程,普遍受风暴事件的影响;辛集组砂岩概率累积曲线主要表现为"高斜一段、二段式"和"高斜多跳一悬式",C-M图投点显示出兼具牵引流与重力流的水动力机制,均符合风暴沉积特征;辛集组沉积环境与早寒武世华北板块南缘活动大陆边缘、坳-隆相间的古地理古构造格局,处于风暴活动频繁的低纬度地区,以及全球海平面上升变化、气温由温和到相对较高的古纬度和古气候等因素密不可分。辛集组沉积环境及其控制因素研究,对了解华北板块南缘寒武纪早期沉积盆地及岩相古地理演化具有重要的借鉴意义。
The Early Cambrian sedimentary and tectonic paleogeographic evolution of the southern North China margin has been a research focus in geoscience. This paper focuses on the Cambrian Xinji Formation( Shimengou Lushan,western Henan) to analyze the sedimentary environment and its controlling factors via conventional sedimentological techniques( such as field profile observation),microscopic observations and grain-size analysis. We found that the Xinji Formation in the study area comprises a marine terrigenous clastic sequence,and the lithologies are featured by the transitional deposition from conglomerate to sandstone and mudstone. Sedimentary environment of the Xinji Formation is characterized by shallow marine gravity flow to tidal flat and lagoon and washover fans affected by storms. The grain-size probability cumulative curve of the Xinji Formation sandstones is characterized by steeply-dipping segment( 1 or 2 segments) pattern and steeply-dipping abrupt change pattern,and the C-M plot shows that the hydrodynamic mechanism comprises both traction and gravity flow. Sedimentary environment of the Xinji Formation is closely related to the paleogeography,paleostructure,paleolatitude,and paleoclimate of the southern North China margin,which included an active continental margin,low latitude,rising global sea level,and medium to relatively high temperatures. The study of sedimentary environment and its controlling factors of the Xinji Formation has important significance for understanding the evolution of Early Cambrian sedimentary basins and lithofacies paleogeography of the southern North China margin.
The Early Cambrian sedimentary and tectonic paleogeographic evolution of the southern North China margin has been a research focus in geoscience. This paper focuses on the Cambrian Xinji Formation( Shimengou Lushan,western Henan) to analyze the sedimentary environment and its controlling factors via conventional sedimentological techniques( such as field profile observation),microscopic observations and grain-size analysis. We found that the Xinji Formation in the study area comprises a marine terrigenous clastic sequence,and the lithologies are featured by the transitional deposition from conglomerate to sandstone and mudstone. Sedimentary environment of the Xinji Formation is characterized by shallow marine gravity flow to tidal flat and lagoon and washover fans affected by storms. The grain-size probability cumulative curve of the Xinji Formation sandstones is characterized by steeply-dipping segment( 1 or 2 segments) pattern and steeply-dipping abrupt change pattern,and the C-M plot shows that the hydrodynamic mechanism comprises both traction and gravity flow. Sedimentary environment of the Xinji Formation is closely related to the paleogeography,paleostructure,paleolatitude,and paleoclimate of the southern North China margin,which included an active continental margin,low latitude,rising global sea level,and medium to relatively high temperatures. The study of sedimentary environment and its controlling factors of the Xinji Formation has important significance for understanding the evolution of Early Cambrian sedimentary basins and lithofacies paleogeography of the southern North China margin.
引文
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[2]河南省地质矿产局.河南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1989:125-130.
[3]关保德.河南华北地台南缘前寒武纪—早寒武世地质和成矿[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996:287-288.
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[6]阎国顺,张恩惠,王德有.河南省(华北型)早寒武世沉积环境演化及其痕迹化石组合[J].岩相古地理,1993,13(3):18-32.
[7]苗兰云,朱茂炎.华北板块南部寒武系底部辛集组遗迹化石及其时代意义[J].古生物学报,2014,53(3):274-289.
[8]许效松,牟传龙.河南鲁山下寒武统辛集组丘状层理类型及环境意义[J].河南地质,1990,8(3):35-39.
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[11]林潜龙.河南古板块构造概述[J].河南地质,1989,7(4):21-27.
[12]张国伟,孟庆任,于在平,等.秦岭造山带的造山过程及其动力学特征[J].中国科学(D辑),1996,26(3):193-200.
[13]杨长秀,王世炎,刘振宏,等.河南鲁山地区中—新太古代灰色片麻岩[J].地质论评,2008,54(3):145-153.
[14]杨长秀.河南鲁山地区早前寒武纪变质岩系的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及环境演化[J].地质通报,2008,27(4):517-533.
[15]李林,曲永强,孟庆任,等.重力流沉积:理论研究与野外识别[J].沉积学报,2011,29(4):677-688.
[16]何幼斌,王文广.沉积岩与沉积相[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:153-223.
[17]陈荣坤.华北地台寒武纪沉积层序中关键地层单元——海绿石质凝缩层段[J].岩相古地理,1994,14(6):25-34.
[18]VAN HOUTEN F B,PURUCHER M E. Glauconitic peloids and chamositic ooids-favorable factors, constraints, and problems[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,1984,20(3):211-243.
[19]张琴,梅啸寒,谢寅符,等.不同类型海绿石的发育特征及分类体系探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):952-963.
[20]HARMS J C,SOUTHARD J B,SPEARING D R,et al. Depositional environments as interpreted from primary sedimentary structures and stratification sequences[J]. Society of Ecomomic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,Short Course,1975,2:161.
[21]DOTT R H Jr,BOURGEOIS J. Hummocky stratification significance of its variable bedding sequences[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1982,93:663-680.
[22]AIGNER T. Calcareous tempestites:Storm-dominated stratification in upper Muschelkalk limestones(Middle Trias SW-Germany)[M]//EINSELE S. Cyclic and Event Stratification. New York:Springer-Verlag,1982:181-195.
[23]邵龙义,刘炳强,吉丛伟,等.湖南邵阳地区茅口期晚期重力流沉积的发现及意义[J].古地理学报,2017,19(4):583-594.
[24]白一鸣,张元福,胡晨林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地徐庄组徐庄组碳酸盐岩风暴沉积发育特征及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2017,31(6):1233-1240.
[25]石油地质勘探专业标准化委员会.碎屑岩粒度分析方法:SY/T 5434—2009[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2010.
[26]朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M]. 4版.北京:石油工业出版社,2008:64-79.
[27]袁静,杜玉民,李云南.惠民凹陷古近系碎屑岩主要沉积环境粒度概率累积曲线特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):103-106.
[28]乔博,张昌民,杜家元,等.珠江口盆地浅水区和深水区重力流沉积特征对比[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(2):59-63.
[29]黄宝春,朱日祥,QTOFUJI Y,等.华北等中国主要地块早古生代早期古地理位置探讨[J].科学通报,2000,45(4):337-342.
[30]余珊.全球背景下中国华北与华南板块重建:从Rodinia裂解到Gondwana形成[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.
[31]吕孝威,伏美燕,尹帅,等.陆棚风暴沉积特征及油气地质意义[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2013,15(6):10-17.
[32]周肖贝,李江海,王洪浩,等.寒武纪全球板块构造与古地理环境再造[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(2):1-7.
[33]段吉业,刘鹏举,夏德馨.浅析华北板块中元古代—古生代构造格局及其演化[J].现代地质,2002,16(4):331-338.
[34]周洪瑞.豫西地区中、新元古界层序地层研究及其区域地层对比意义[J].现代地质,1999,13(2):221-222.
[35]顾贯永,李志晖,李向,等.华北地台南缘(河南部分)震旦纪—早古生代盆地建造分析[J].河南科学,2014,32(8):1547-1553.
[2]河南省地质矿产局.河南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1989:125-130.
[3]关保德.河南华北地台南缘前寒武纪—早寒武世地质和成矿[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996:287-288.
[4]河南省地质矿产厅.河南省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997:84-87.
[5]温同想,徐松绿.河南省华北地台区成盐条件及找盐远景[J].河南地质,1997,15(4):241-251.
[6]阎国顺,张恩惠,王德有.河南省(华北型)早寒武世沉积环境演化及其痕迹化石组合[J].岩相古地理,1993,13(3):18-32.
[7]苗兰云,朱茂炎.华北板块南部寒武系底部辛集组遗迹化石及其时代意义[J].古生物学报,2014,53(3):274-289.
[8]许效松,牟传龙.河南鲁山下寒武统辛集组丘状层理类型及环境意义[J].河南地质,1990,8(3):35-39.
[9]刘群,马丽芳,祝有海,等.华北早寒武世岩相古地理与膏盐沉积[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:4-64.
[10]祝有海,马丽芳.华北地区下寒武统的划分对比及其沉积演化[J].地质论评,2008,54(6):731-740.
[11]林潜龙.河南古板块构造概述[J].河南地质,1989,7(4):21-27.
[12]张国伟,孟庆任,于在平,等.秦岭造山带的造山过程及其动力学特征[J].中国科学(D辑),1996,26(3):193-200.
[13]杨长秀,王世炎,刘振宏,等.河南鲁山地区中—新太古代灰色片麻岩[J].地质论评,2008,54(3):145-153.
[14]杨长秀.河南鲁山地区早前寒武纪变质岩系的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及环境演化[J].地质通报,2008,27(4):517-533.
[15]李林,曲永强,孟庆任,等.重力流沉积:理论研究与野外识别[J].沉积学报,2011,29(4):677-688.
[16]何幼斌,王文广.沉积岩与沉积相[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:153-223.
[17]陈荣坤.华北地台寒武纪沉积层序中关键地层单元——海绿石质凝缩层段[J].岩相古地理,1994,14(6):25-34.
[18]VAN HOUTEN F B,PURUCHER M E. Glauconitic peloids and chamositic ooids-favorable factors, constraints, and problems[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,1984,20(3):211-243.
[19]张琴,梅啸寒,谢寅符,等.不同类型海绿石的发育特征及分类体系探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):952-963.
[20]HARMS J C,SOUTHARD J B,SPEARING D R,et al. Depositional environments as interpreted from primary sedimentary structures and stratification sequences[J]. Society of Ecomomic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,Short Course,1975,2:161.
[21]DOTT R H Jr,BOURGEOIS J. Hummocky stratification significance of its variable bedding sequences[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1982,93:663-680.
[22]AIGNER T. Calcareous tempestites:Storm-dominated stratification in upper Muschelkalk limestones(Middle Trias SW-Germany)[M]//EINSELE S. Cyclic and Event Stratification. New York:Springer-Verlag,1982:181-195.
[23]邵龙义,刘炳强,吉丛伟,等.湖南邵阳地区茅口期晚期重力流沉积的发现及意义[J].古地理学报,2017,19(4):583-594.
[24]白一鸣,张元福,胡晨林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地徐庄组徐庄组碳酸盐岩风暴沉积发育特征及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2017,31(6):1233-1240.
[25]石油地质勘探专业标准化委员会.碎屑岩粒度分析方法:SY/T 5434—2009[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2010.
[26]朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M]. 4版.北京:石油工业出版社,2008:64-79.
[27]袁静,杜玉民,李云南.惠民凹陷古近系碎屑岩主要沉积环境粒度概率累积曲线特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):103-106.
[28]乔博,张昌民,杜家元,等.珠江口盆地浅水区和深水区重力流沉积特征对比[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(2):59-63.
[29]黄宝春,朱日祥,QTOFUJI Y,等.华北等中国主要地块早古生代早期古地理位置探讨[J].科学通报,2000,45(4):337-342.
[30]余珊.全球背景下中国华北与华南板块重建:从Rodinia裂解到Gondwana形成[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.
[31]吕孝威,伏美燕,尹帅,等.陆棚风暴沉积特征及油气地质意义[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2013,15(6):10-17.
[32]周肖贝,李江海,王洪浩,等.寒武纪全球板块构造与古地理环境再造[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(2):1-7.
[33]段吉业,刘鹏举,夏德馨.浅析华北板块中元古代—古生代构造格局及其演化[J].现代地质,2002,16(4):331-338.
[34]周洪瑞.豫西地区中、新元古界层序地层研究及其区域地层对比意义[J].现代地质,1999,13(2):221-222.
[35]顾贯永,李志晖,李向,等.华北地台南缘(河南部分)震旦纪—早古生代盆地建造分析[J].河南科学,2014,32(8):1547-1553.