独立阳极对石油钻杆内壁离子渗氮过程的影响
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摘要
目的利用脉冲离子渗氮提高石油钻杆内壁性能。方法在钻杆内部插入独立阳极,利用钻杆内部空腔作为渗氮炉体,完成钻杆内壁离子渗氮。通过测定渗氮过程的温度分布并对渗层的硬度分布、耐蚀性及耐磨性能进行测定,分析独立阳极对钻杆内壁渗氮过程、渗层显微组织、耐磨耐蚀性能的影响。结果采用L1700长阳极时的温度场比采用L600短阳极均匀。采用L600短阳极时,随距阳极距离的增加,渗层厚度减小。采用L1700贯穿长棒时,渗层形貌和厚度呈对称分布,渗氮层的显微硬度由表及里逐渐降低。两种不同阳极相比,L1700硬度变化更平缓。盐雾腐蚀及摩擦磨损试验表明,采用L600短阳极时,随着距离的增大,性能下降,而采用L1700长阳极时,性能呈对称分布,中间位置性能最低。结论采用内置独立阳极的方法可以实现钻杆内壁离子渗氮,独立阳极的影响范围约为260 mm。采用L1700长阳极渗氮后,表层最高硬度可达848.0HV_(0.2),渗层最小厚度0.33mm。L1700试样腐蚀速率最大为1.6917×10~(-5)g/(mm~2·h),磨损率最大为1.5513×10~(-7) mm~3/(N·m)。
The work aims to improve the performance of the inner wall of oil drill pipe by pulsed ion-nitriding. An independent anode was inserted into the oil drill pipe, and the inner cavity of the drill pipe was used as the nitriding furnace to complete the ion-nitriding on the inner wall of the drill pipe. By measuring the temperature distribution of the nitriding process,hardness distribution, corrosion resistance and friction and wear properties on the cementation layer were determined and the influence of the independent anode size on the nitriding process of the drill pipe inner wall, the microstructure of the cementation layer, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the drill pipe was analyzed. The temperature field of L1700 anode was more uniform than that of L600 anode. When L600 anode was used, the thickness of infiltration layer decreased with the increasing distance from anode. When L1700 anode was used, the morphology and thickness of infiltration layer were distributed symmetrically. After nitriding, the micro-hardness of nitriding layer decreased gradually from the surface to the inside. By comparing the two different anodes, the hardness of L1700 changed more slowly. Salt spray corrosion and friction and wear tests showed that when L600 anode was used, the performance decreased with the increase of distance, while when L1700 anode was used, the performance was symmetrically distributed, with the lowest performance at the middle position. The inner wall of drill pipe can be nitrided by the method of built-in independent anode. The influence range of independent anode is about 260 mm.With L1700 anode for nitriding, the maximum surface hardness can reach 848.0 HV_(0.2), and the minimum thickness of the layer is0.33 mm. The corrosion test shows that the maximum corrosion rate of L1700 sample is 1.6917×10~(-5) g/(mm~2·h), and the maximum wear rate is 1.5513×10~(-7) mm~3/(N·m).
The work aims to improve the performance of the inner wall of oil drill pipe by pulsed ion-nitriding. An independent anode was inserted into the oil drill pipe, and the inner cavity of the drill pipe was used as the nitriding furnace to complete the ion-nitriding on the inner wall of the drill pipe. By measuring the temperature distribution of the nitriding process,hardness distribution, corrosion resistance and friction and wear properties on the cementation layer were determined and the influence of the independent anode size on the nitriding process of the drill pipe inner wall, the microstructure of the cementation layer, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the drill pipe was analyzed. The temperature field of L1700 anode was more uniform than that of L600 anode. When L600 anode was used, the thickness of infiltration layer decreased with the increasing distance from anode. When L1700 anode was used, the morphology and thickness of infiltration layer were distributed symmetrically. After nitriding, the micro-hardness of nitriding layer decreased gradually from the surface to the inside. By comparing the two different anodes, the hardness of L1700 changed more slowly. Salt spray corrosion and friction and wear tests showed that when L600 anode was used, the performance decreased with the increase of distance, while when L1700 anode was used, the performance was symmetrically distributed, with the lowest performance at the middle position. The inner wall of drill pipe can be nitrided by the method of built-in independent anode. The influence range of independent anode is about 260 mm.With L1700 anode for nitriding, the maximum surface hardness can reach 848.0 HV_(0.2), and the minimum thickness of the layer is0.33 mm. The corrosion test shows that the maximum corrosion rate of L1700 sample is 1.6917×10~(-5) g/(mm~2·h), and the maximum wear rate is 1.5513×10~(-7) mm~3/(N·m).
引文
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[15]李广宇,曾心睿,王楠,等.等离子体源渗氮奥氏体不锈钢的摩擦磨损行为[J].机械工程材料,2018,42(5):14-19.LI Guang-yu,ZENG Xin-rui,WANG Nan,et al.Friction and wear behavior of plasma source nitridedaustenitic stainless steel[J].Material for mechanical engineering,2018,42(5):14-19.
[2]李建强,于丽松,牛成杰,等.石油钻杆的生产现状与发展趋势[J].焊管,2011,34(11):35-38.LI Jian-qiang,YU Li-song,NIU Cheng-jie,et al.The production status and development trend of drill pipe[J].Welded pipeand tube,2011,34(11):35-38.
[3]张江江,刘强,朱原原.高温固化涂层在塔河油田井下油管防腐中的应用[J].涂料工业,2015,45(5):58-62.ZHANG Jiang-jiang,LIU Qiang,ZHU Yuan-yuan.Application of high temperature crosslinking organic coatings in corrosion control of downhole tubing in Tahe oilfield[J].Paint&coatings industry,2015,45(5):58-62.
[4]杜树芳.离子渗氮技术发展与设备改造[J].金属加工(热加工),2018(6):16-23.DU Shu-fang.Development of ion nitriding technology and equipment modification[J].MW metal forming,2018(6):16-23.
[5]张津,陈健,赵祖德,等.细长管内壁高频脉冲离子渗氮[J].金属热处理,2008,33(5):75-77.ZHANG Jin,CHEN Jian,ZHAO Zu-de,et al.High frequency pulse plasma nitriding on inner surface of tube with large ratio of length to diameter[J].Heat treatment of metals,2008,33(5):75-77.
[6]傅乐荣,牛君,左治江.油管离子渗氮方法及防腐蚀耐磨性能分析[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2012,29(2):12-15.FU Le-rong,NIU Jun,ZUO Zhi-jiang.Analysis of oil pipe nitriding techniques and corrosion&friction resistance performance[J].Corrosion&protection in petrochemical industry,2012,29(2):12-15.
[7]崔立超.油管内壁离子渗氮工艺及渗层性能研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2016:48-70.CUI Li-chao.Study on process and properties of nitriding layer of plasma nitriding on the tubing wall[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2016:48-70.
[8]陈全刚,牛君,张庆纯,等.大长径比油管离子渗氮技术生产工艺技术研究[J].石化技术,2018(1):60.CHEN Quan-gang,NIU Jun,ZHANG Qing-chun,et al.Application of ion nitriding technology in oil tube production withlarge draw ratio[J].Petrochemical industry technology,2018(1):60.
[9]NISHIMOTO A,NAGATSUKA K,NARITA R,et al.Effect of the distance between screen and sample on active screen plasma nitriding properties[J].Surface&coatings technology,2010,205(7):365-368.
[10]丁一,杨兴宽,彭明霞,等.42CrMo钢离子渗氮过程氮浓度分布的数值模拟[J].材料热处理学报,2017(12):129-138.DING Yi,YANG Xing-kuan,PENG Ming-xia,et al.Numerical simulation of nitrogen concentration profile in42CrMo steel during plasma nitriding[J].Transactions of materials and heat treatment,2017(12):129-138.
[11]TONG W P,TAO N R,WANG Z B,et al.Nitriding iron and 38CrMoAl steel with a nanostructured surface layer[J].Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005(2):230-238.
[12]汤金钢,刘道新,唐长斌,等.辉光离子渗氮对Ti6Al4V合金在航空煤油中摩擦学性能的影响[J].机械科学与技术,2014,33(1):140-145.TANG Jin-gang,LIU Dao-xin,TANG Chang-bin,et al.The effect of the plasma nitriding layer in aviation kerosene environment on the tribological behavior of Ti6Al4Vtitanium alloy[J].Mechanical science and technology for aerospace engineering,2014,33(1):140-145.
[13]CHO K T,LEE Y K,LEE W B.Wear behavior of AISID2 steel by enhanced ion nitriding with atomic attrition[J].Tribology international,2015,87:82-90.
[14]TANG L N,YAN M F.Influence of plasma nitriding on the microstructure,wear,and corrosion properties of quenched 30CrMnSiA steel[J].Journal of materials engineering and performance,2013,22(7):2121-2129.
[15]李广宇,曾心睿,王楠,等.等离子体源渗氮奥氏体不锈钢的摩擦磨损行为[J].机械工程材料,2018,42(5):14-19.LI Guang-yu,ZENG Xin-rui,WANG Nan,et al.Friction and wear behavior of plasma source nitridedaustenitic stainless steel[J].Material for mechanical engineering,2018,42(5):14-19.