不同生育时期干旱胁迫下玉米自交系生理指标与产量的关系及抗旱性评价
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摘要
为筛选拔节期、抽雄期抗旱能力强的玉米自交系,为抗旱玉米品种的选育提供种质基础,以18份玉米优良骨干自交系及自选系为材料,在玉米拔节期和抽雄期进行中度干旱胁迫,测定叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、相对含水量(RWC)及叶绿素含量等生理指标,利用灰色关联度和模糊隶属函数对不同时期各指标与产量之间的关系及自交系的综合抗旱性进行评价。结果表明:拔节期各生理指标与产量的关联度顺序为POD活性>Pro含量>RWC=叶绿素含量>SOD活性,抽雄期为POD活性> Pro含量> SOD活性>叶绿素含量> RWC;采用模糊隶属函数对18份玉米自交系进行抗旱性综合评价,结果表明,昌7-2、郑T5372为拔节期抗旱自交系;郑H71、昌7-2为抽雄期强抗旱自交系,DK517M、郑375、利民33F、DK517F、郑D7314、郑641、郑9712、郑D7325为抽雄期抗旱自交系。其中,昌7-2在2个时期都表现出较强的抗旱性;自交系DK517M、郑375、郑58、郑D7325和郑9712在2个时期均表现抗或中抗。综上,拔节期和抽雄期玉米自交系POD活性与产量关联度最大,且抽雄期大于拔节期;抗旱型自交系昌7-2、郑58、DK517M、郑375、郑9712、郑D7325可用于培育抗旱玉米品种。
In order to screen maize inbred lines with strong drought resistance during elongation and tasseling and provide germplasm basis for breeding drought-tolerant maize varieties,18 maize elite inbred lines and self-selected lines were used as materials.During the elongation and tasseling stages of maize,SOD activity,POD activity,Pro content,relative water content(RWC) and chlorophyll content of maize leaf were determined under moderate drought stress.The gray correlation degree and membership function were used to evaluate the relationship between various indexes and yield at different periods and the com-prehensive drought resistance of inbred lines.The results showed that the order of correlation between physiological indexes and yield at elongation stage was POD activity > Pro content > RWC = chlorophyll content > SOD activity,and POD activity > Pro content > SOD activity > chlorophyll content > RWC during tasseling.The comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of 18 maize inbred lines was carried out by membership function.The results showed that Chang 7-2 and Zheng T5372 showed strong drought-resistantance at elongation stage,Zheng H71 and Chang 7-2 were strong drought-resistant inbred lines at tasseling stage,DK517 M,Zheng 375,Limin 33 F,DK517 F,Zheng D7314,Zheng 641,Zheng 9712,and Zheng D7325 were classified as drought-resistant inbred lines at tasseling stage.Among them,Chang 7-2 showed strong drought resistance at two periods,and DK517 M,Zheng 375,Zheng 58,Zheng D7325 and Zheng 9712 showed resistance or medium resistance.Through experimental analysis,the correlation between POD activity and yield was the highest at both elongation and tasseling stages,and tasseling stage greater than elongation stage.Drought-resistant inbred lines Chang 7-2,Zheng 58,DK517 M,Zheng 375,Zheng 9712,and Zheng D7325 could be used to breed drought-resistant varieties.
In order to screen maize inbred lines with strong drought resistance during elongation and tasseling and provide germplasm basis for breeding drought-tolerant maize varieties,18 maize elite inbred lines and self-selected lines were used as materials.During the elongation and tasseling stages of maize,SOD activity,POD activity,Pro content,relative water content(RWC) and chlorophyll content of maize leaf were determined under moderate drought stress.The gray correlation degree and membership function were used to evaluate the relationship between various indexes and yield at different periods and the com-prehensive drought resistance of inbred lines.The results showed that the order of correlation between physiological indexes and yield at elongation stage was POD activity > Pro content > RWC = chlorophyll content > SOD activity,and POD activity > Pro content > SOD activity > chlorophyll content > RWC during tasseling.The comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of 18 maize inbred lines was carried out by membership function.The results showed that Chang 7-2 and Zheng T5372 showed strong drought-resistantance at elongation stage,Zheng H71 and Chang 7-2 were strong drought-resistant inbred lines at tasseling stage,DK517 M,Zheng 375,Limin 33 F,DK517 F,Zheng D7314,Zheng 641,Zheng 9712,and Zheng D7325 were classified as drought-resistant inbred lines at tasseling stage.Among them,Chang 7-2 showed strong drought resistance at two periods,and DK517 M,Zheng 375,Zheng 58,Zheng D7325 and Zheng 9712 showed resistance or medium resistance.Through experimental analysis,the correlation between POD activity and yield was the highest at both elongation and tasseling stages,and tasseling stage greater than elongation stage.Drought-resistant inbred lines Chang 7-2,Zheng 58,DK517 M,Zheng 375,Zheng 9712,and Zheng D7325 could be used to breed drought-resistant varieties.
引文
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[19]杨程,李向东,张德奇,等.小麦产量三要素与产量的通径和灰色关联度分析[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(10):19-23.
[20]Singh R,Mishra A,Dhawan S S,et al.Physiological performance,secondary metabolite and expression profiling of genes associated with drought tolerance in Withania somnifera[J].Protoplasma,2015,252:1439-1450.
[21]Ghaderi N,Siosemardeh A.Response to drought stress of two strawberry cultivars(cv.Kurdistan and Selva)[J].Hortic Environ Biotechnol,2011,52:6-12.
[22]Parida A K,Jha B.Physiological and biochemical responses reveal the drought tolerance efficacy of the halophyte Salicornia brachiata[J].J Plant Growth Regul,2013,32:342-352.
[23]Tan Y,Liang Z,Shao H,et al.Effect of water deficits on the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes and osmoregulation among three different genotypes of Radix astragaliat seeding stage[J].Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces,2006,49:59-64.
[24]Anjum S A,Farooq M,Wang L C,et al.Gas exchange and chlorophyll synthesis of maize cultivars are enhanced by exogenously-applied glycinebetaine under drought conditions[J].Plant Soil Environ,2011,577:326-331.
[25]Pawar V V,Lokhande P K,Dalvi U S,et al.Effect of osmotic stress on osmolyte accumulation and ammonia assimilating enzymes in chickpea cultivars[J].Indian JPlant Physiol,2015,20:276-280.
[26]鲍巨松,杨成书.不同生育时期水分胁迫对玉米生理特性的影响[J].作物学报,1991,17(4):261-265.
[2]Chaves M M,Flexas J,Pinheiro C.Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress:Regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell[J].Ann Bot,2009,103:551-560.
[3]范苏鲁,苑兆和,冯立娟,等.干旱胁迫对大丽花生理生化指标的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(3):651-657.
[4]何静丹,文仁来,田树云,等.抽雄期干旱胁迫与复水对不同玉米品种生长及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(3):408-415.
[5]李兆举,徐新娟,齐红志,等.MeJA浸种对干旱胁迫下玉米种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(12):36-41.
[6]李国领,齐学礼,张志强,等.不同小麦品种的生理和产量特性对灌浆期干旱胁迫的响应[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(4):8-14.
[7]高宝云,张军.9个冬小麦品种对苗期干旱的生理响应及抗旱性评价[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(3):340-345.
[8]张敬贤,李俊明,崔四平,等.玉米细胞保护酶活性对苗期干旱的反应[J].华北农学报,1990,5(增刊):19-23.
[9]李广敏,唐连顺,商振清,等.渗透胁迫对玉米幼苗保护酶系统的影响及其与抗旱性的关系[J].河北农业大学学报,1994,17(2):125-129.
[10]候建华,吕凤山.玉米苗期抗旱性鉴定的研究[J].华北农学报,1995,10(3):89-93.
[11]潘瑞炽.植物生理学[M].5版.北京:高等教育出版社,1995.
[12]张宝石,徐世昌,宋凤斌,等.玉米抗旱基因型鉴定方法和指标的探讨[J].玉米科学,1996,4(3):19-22.
[13]洪法水,张帆.玉米幼苗萎蔫过程中某些理化性质变化的研究[J].西北植物学报,1999,19(1):71-75.
[14]Taiz L,Zeiger E.Plant physiology[M].4th Edn.Sunderland,MA:Sinauer Associates Inc,2006.
[15]鲁晓民,曹丽茹,张新,等.PEG胁迫下玉米自交系苗期抗旱性鉴定及评价[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(5):39-44.
[16]傅立.灰色系统理论及应用[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1992.
[17]刘斌,安力,刘涛,等.基于灰色关联度分析的旱砂地籽瓜/花生间作模式评价[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(1):96-99.
[18]陈连珠,肖日升,林道元,等.基于灰色关联分析的黄秋葵品种综合评估[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(3):419-423
[19]杨程,李向东,张德奇,等.小麦产量三要素与产量的通径和灰色关联度分析[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(10):19-23.
[20]Singh R,Mishra A,Dhawan S S,et al.Physiological performance,secondary metabolite and expression profiling of genes associated with drought tolerance in Withania somnifera[J].Protoplasma,2015,252:1439-1450.
[21]Ghaderi N,Siosemardeh A.Response to drought stress of two strawberry cultivars(cv.Kurdistan and Selva)[J].Hortic Environ Biotechnol,2011,52:6-12.
[22]Parida A K,Jha B.Physiological and biochemical responses reveal the drought tolerance efficacy of the halophyte Salicornia brachiata[J].J Plant Growth Regul,2013,32:342-352.
[23]Tan Y,Liang Z,Shao H,et al.Effect of water deficits on the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes and osmoregulation among three different genotypes of Radix astragaliat seeding stage[J].Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces,2006,49:59-64.
[24]Anjum S A,Farooq M,Wang L C,et al.Gas exchange and chlorophyll synthesis of maize cultivars are enhanced by exogenously-applied glycinebetaine under drought conditions[J].Plant Soil Environ,2011,577:326-331.
[25]Pawar V V,Lokhande P K,Dalvi U S,et al.Effect of osmotic stress on osmolyte accumulation and ammonia assimilating enzymes in chickpea cultivars[J].Indian JPlant Physiol,2015,20:276-280.
[26]鲍巨松,杨成书.不同生育时期水分胁迫对玉米生理特性的影响[J].作物学报,1991,17(4):261-265.