科技型小微企业融资需求错配的原因及对策——以宁波为例
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摘要
科技型小微企业的融资需求错配,是伴随融资难的一个"影子"问题。为了解决这一问题,发展数字普惠金融是一个值得尝试的方向。通过调研和抽样问卷调查,以宁波177家科技型企业负责人的主观评判为研究样本,对其融资匹配情况进行评价,结论如下:宁波科技型企业的融资需求错配情况较为显著,即企业规模越小,企业负责人对融资需求数量和产品结构的感知满足度越低。主要原因是金融机构乏力、小微企业误判和外部监管职能失效,建议从创新监管模式、建设数字普惠金融体系和完善融资服务市场等方面予以改善。
The mismatch of technological SMEs' financing demand is a "shadow" problem accompanied by their financing difficulties. In order to solve this problem, the development of digital inclusive finance is a direction worth trying. On the base of investigation and sample questionnaire survey, this paper evaluates the financing matching of 177 Ningbo scientific and technological enterprises by taking the subjective evaluation of the their leaders as the research sample. It concludes that the mismatch of financing needs of Ningbo scientific and technological enterprises is significant, and "the smaller the scale of enterprises, the lower the perceived satisfaction degree of products quantity and product structure that can obtain from financial markets". The main reasons are the weakness of financial institutions, the misjudgment of SMEs and the failure of supervision functions. It is suggested to innovate the supervision mode, build a digital inclusive financial system and improve the financing service market.
The mismatch of technological SMEs' financing demand is a "shadow" problem accompanied by their financing difficulties. In order to solve this problem, the development of digital inclusive finance is a direction worth trying. On the base of investigation and sample questionnaire survey, this paper evaluates the financing matching of 177 Ningbo scientific and technological enterprises by taking the subjective evaluation of the their leaders as the research sample. It concludes that the mismatch of financing needs of Ningbo scientific and technological enterprises is significant, and "the smaller the scale of enterprises, the lower the perceived satisfaction degree of products quantity and product structure that can obtain from financial markets". The main reasons are the weakness of financial institutions, the misjudgment of SMEs and the failure of supervision functions. It is suggested to innovate the supervision mode, build a digital inclusive financial system and improve the financing service market.
引文
[1] 阿马蒂亚·森.贫困与饥荒[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001.
[2] 何晓群.多元统计分析[M].第4版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2015.
[3] 贺翔.地方政府助力“海归”高层次人才的企业突破创业期瓶颈之对策研究——以宁波市为例[J].科研管理,2018(6).
[4] 唐果,贺翔,敖丽红.企业参与社会救助:影响因素与政策启示——基于浙江省11市的调查[J].中国行政管理,2017(9).
①阿马蒂亚·森著,王宇、王文玉译:《贫困与饥荒——论权利与剥夺》,商务印书馆2001年版,第188-190页。
②宁波市经济和信息化局:《新〈中小企业促进法〉到底有何亮点》,2018-06-28,http://www.nbec.gov.cn/art/2018/6/28/art_1011_2342971.html。
③Stieglitz J,Andrew W,Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information,American Economic Review,1981,No.3,pp.393-410.
(1)张忠寿:《基于供需分析的江苏省科技金融产品创新研究》,《江苏社会科学》2015年第5期,第266-271页。
(2)陈志强:《中小企业融资需求的匹配性》,《中国金融》2017年第13期,第92-94页。
(3)林乐芬、吴敏:《信贷市场交易主体的异质性与借贷匹配研究——基于江苏80家商业银行和301家企业的样本数据》,《经济学家》2013年第10期,第70-78页。
(4)林乐芬、李永鑫:《商业银行中小微企业信贷产品供求匹配问题研究》,《南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学)》2016年第6期,第39-48、155页。
(5)前期在走访宁波当地一些金融机构了解相关情况时,发现惜贷现象较为普遍且严重。有的信贷经理受到不良贷款影响,不仅个人考核评价及薪酬大幅下降,工作内容也转向催收为主,同时主管领导和分管领导均负有一定的连带责任。
[2] 何晓群.多元统计分析[M].第4版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2015.
[3] 贺翔.地方政府助力“海归”高层次人才的企业突破创业期瓶颈之对策研究——以宁波市为例[J].科研管理,2018(6).
[4] 唐果,贺翔,敖丽红.企业参与社会救助:影响因素与政策启示——基于浙江省11市的调查[J].中国行政管理,2017(9).
①阿马蒂亚·森著,王宇、王文玉译:《贫困与饥荒——论权利与剥夺》,商务印书馆2001年版,第188-190页。
②宁波市经济和信息化局:《新〈中小企业促进法〉到底有何亮点》,2018-06-28,http://www.nbec.gov.cn/art/2018/6/28/art_1011_2342971.html。
③Stieglitz J,Andrew W,Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information,American Economic Review,1981,No.3,pp.393-410.
(1)张忠寿:《基于供需分析的江苏省科技金融产品创新研究》,《江苏社会科学》2015年第5期,第266-271页。
(2)陈志强:《中小企业融资需求的匹配性》,《中国金融》2017年第13期,第92-94页。
(3)林乐芬、吴敏:《信贷市场交易主体的异质性与借贷匹配研究——基于江苏80家商业银行和301家企业的样本数据》,《经济学家》2013年第10期,第70-78页。
(4)林乐芬、李永鑫:《商业银行中小微企业信贷产品供求匹配问题研究》,《南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学)》2016年第6期,第39-48、155页。
(5)前期在走访宁波当地一些金融机构了解相关情况时,发现惜贷现象较为普遍且严重。有的信贷经理受到不良贷款影响,不仅个人考核评价及薪酬大幅下降,工作内容也转向催收为主,同时主管领导和分管领导均负有一定的连带责任。