轻载电主轴动静压轴承的性能规律与双目标优化
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摘要
针对轻载、高速、小偏心下电主轴动静压轴承刚度难以提升且温升过高的问题进行研究,采用有限差分数值法求解广义雷诺方程。以某精密磨床电主轴样机轴承为例,分析了额定载荷下轴承的性能受主要参数的影响规律。以增大刚度和控制温升为双目标,优化轴承间隙和节流孔直径,结果表明:在温升满足要求的条件下,优化后的轴承在额定载荷下的主刚度提升了8.8%;适当改变供油压力后的轴承,其额定载荷下主刚度提升了15.3%。证明单一参数的改变难以同时降低温升并提高主刚度,多参数协同优化能够使轴承额定载荷下的主刚度有较明显的提升效果。
Aimed at the problem that the stiffness of bearing is difficult to be raised and high temperature under the condition of low load,high speed and small eccentricity for the electric spindle,the hybrid bearings of precision spindle of grinde was analyzed as a case.In order to solve the generalized Reynolds equation in the state of turbulent flow through the finite difference method,the basic rules of typical hybrid bearings were studied.Taking high stiffness and low temperature rise as double target,bearing clearance and orifice diameter were optimized.The results show that the stiffness of optimized bearing increases by 8.8% while meeting the temperature rise requirement.This database can increase by 15.3% if oil pressure is properly improved.The results verify that multi-parameters optimization instead of single parameter optimization can briefly increase stiffness while temperature rise is controlled.
Aimed at the problem that the stiffness of bearing is difficult to be raised and high temperature under the condition of low load,high speed and small eccentricity for the electric spindle,the hybrid bearings of precision spindle of grinde was analyzed as a case.In order to solve the generalized Reynolds equation in the state of turbulent flow through the finite difference method,the basic rules of typical hybrid bearings were studied.Taking high stiffness and low temperature rise as double target,bearing clearance and orifice diameter were optimized.The results show that the stiffness of optimized bearing increases by 8.8% while meeting the temperature rise requirement.This database can increase by 15.3% if oil pressure is properly improved.The results verify that multi-parameters optimization instead of single parameter optimization can briefly increase stiffness while temperature rise is controlled.
引文
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[9] 汤世炎,何勇,王玉琢.动静压轴承热流固耦合分析及实验研究[J].润滑与密封,2017,42(8):59-63.TANG S Y,HE Y,WANG Y Z.Thermo-Fluid-Solid Coupling Analysis and Experimental Study on Hybrid Bearing[J].Lubrication Engineering,2017,42(8):59-63.
[10] 段宗彬,郭红,张绍林.混合流态下高速径向动静压轴承静特性分析[J].润滑与密封,2017,42(12):69-72.DUAN Z B,GUO H,ZHANG S L.Static Performance Analysis of High Speed Hybrid Bearings under Mixed Flow State[J].Lubrication Engineering,2017,42(12):69-72.
[11] 许尚贤.液体静压和动静压滑动轴承设计[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1989.
[2] 郭胜安,侯志泉,熊万里,等.基于CFD的深浅腔液体动静压轴承承载特性研究[J].制造技术与机床,2012(9):57-61.GUO S A,HOU Z Q,XIONG W L,et al.Bearing Characteristics Study on Liquid Hybrid Bearing Based on CFD[J].Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool,2012(9):57-61.
[3] 王学智,于天彪,袁娜,等.超高速磨削用液体动静压轴承承载特性分析[J].机床与液压,2014,42(9):61-65.WANG X Z,YU T B,YUAN N,et al.Bearing Characteristics Analysis of Liquid Hybrid Bearing on Ultra-high Speed Grinding[J].Machine Tool & Hydraulics,2014,42(9):61-65.
[4] 刘豪杰,郭红,张绍林,等.基于FLUENT的深浅腔动静压轴承油膜压力研究[J].润滑与密封,2013,38(10):35-38.LIU H J,GUO H,ZHANG S L,et al.Research on Static Characteristics of Deep/Shallow Pockets Hybrid Bearing Based on FLUENT[J].Lubrication Engineering,2013,38(10):35-38.
[5] 熊万里,侯志泉,吕浪,等.基于动网格模型的液体动静压轴承刚度阻尼计算方法[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(23):118-126.XIONG W L,HOU Z Q,LV L,et al.Method for Calculating Stiffness and Damping Coefficients of Hybrid Bearings Based on Dynamic Mesh Model[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(23):118-126.
[6] 马涛,戴惠良,刘思仁.基于FLUENT的液体动静压轴承数值模拟[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,36(3):279-283.MA T,DAI H L,LIU S R.Numerical Simulation Study on Liquid Hybrid Bearing Based on FLUENT[J].Journal of Donghua University(Natural Science),2010,36(3):279-283.
[7] 郭力,沈志伟,刘桂萍.高效精密磨床砂轮主轴深浅腔动静压轴承静特性分析[J].润滑与密封,2014,39(2):1-8.GUO L,SHEN Z W,LIU G P.Analysis of Static Characteristics of the Liquid Hybrid Bearings with Deep-shallow Cavity in a High Efficiency and Precision Spindle of Grinder[J].Lubrication Engineering,2014,39(2):1-8.
[8] 郭力,胡靖,曹姗,等.精密磨床主轴深浅腔动静压轴承热弹性复合变形分析[J].制造技术与机床,2014(10):59-64.GUO L,HU J,CAO S,et al.Analysis of Thermo-elastic Deformation in Liquid Hybrid Bearing with Deep-shallow Cavity of Precise Grinder[J].Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool,2014(10):59-64.
[9] 汤世炎,何勇,王玉琢.动静压轴承热流固耦合分析及实验研究[J].润滑与密封,2017,42(8):59-63.TANG S Y,HE Y,WANG Y Z.Thermo-Fluid-Solid Coupling Analysis and Experimental Study on Hybrid Bearing[J].Lubrication Engineering,2017,42(8):59-63.
[10] 段宗彬,郭红,张绍林.混合流态下高速径向动静压轴承静特性分析[J].润滑与密封,2017,42(12):69-72.DUAN Z B,GUO H,ZHANG S L.Static Performance Analysis of High Speed Hybrid Bearings under Mixed Flow State[J].Lubrication Engineering,2017,42(12):69-72.
[11] 许尚贤.液体静压和动静压滑动轴承设计[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1989.