克深Y井盐层固井难点分析与技术对策
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摘要
克深Y井四开钻遇多段盐层、漏失层和高压水层。盐层蠕变较强,下套管中途遇阻的风险高;高压水层和漏失层共存,固井安全密度窗口窄,仅为0.03 g/cm3,漏失和溢流的风险高;低漏失压力且套管偏心条件下,顶替差,难以封隔高压水层。该盐层固井难题的应对对于该井的钻探至关重要。通过分析地质工程条件,制定了盐层扩眼+模拟管柱通井技术措施;以漏失及溢流压力评估为基础,对固井工艺进行了论证并确立了正注反挤+及时憋压的固井方案;结合软件模拟技术,优化了扶正器方案和隔离液流变性能,并采用大排量顶替和多倍置换等系列措施提高顶替效率。制定的技术措施均在现场应用,结果显示,套管顺利到位,下放过程无阻卡;正注固井未漏失未溢流,反挤固井排量较大塞面可控;喇叭口负压验窜合格,实现了封隔水层的核心目标,为本区块应对盐层固井难题提供了参考。
The fourth interval of the well Keshen-Y penetrated several salt zones, mud loss zones and high pressure formation water zones. High creeping tendency of salt may cause resistance to casing running. A narrow safe drilling window of only 0.03 g/cm~3 in a hole section where high pressure formation water and mud loss zone coexist may cause mud loss and overflow. In well cementing operation, low leak-off pressure and eccentricity of casing string result in poor displacement of mud and hence difficulties in cementing the high pressure water zones. Several measures have been developed to address these problems. First, based on the analyses of the geological and engineering conditions, it was decided to ream the salt sections and to perform wiper trip with a simulation string.The well cementing techniques were reviewed based on the evaluation of leak-off pressure and overflow pressure, and a "normal injection reverse squeezing plus timely pressurizing" cementing program was established. Using software simulation, the placement of centralizer and the rheology of spacer were optimized, and high flow rate and multiple displacement were used to increase the displacing efficiency. Field application of these technical measures showed that the casing string were run smoothly to the designed depth. No lost circulation and overflow have ever occurred during normal injection cementing. High flow rate was obtained and the top of cement was controllable during reverse squeezing cementing. Channeling test at the bell nipple at negative pressure was certified,indicating that the water zones were successfully cemented.
The fourth interval of the well Keshen-Y penetrated several salt zones, mud loss zones and high pressure formation water zones. High creeping tendency of salt may cause resistance to casing running. A narrow safe drilling window of only 0.03 g/cm~3 in a hole section where high pressure formation water and mud loss zone coexist may cause mud loss and overflow. In well cementing operation, low leak-off pressure and eccentricity of casing string result in poor displacement of mud and hence difficulties in cementing the high pressure water zones. Several measures have been developed to address these problems. First, based on the analyses of the geological and engineering conditions, it was decided to ream the salt sections and to perform wiper trip with a simulation string.The well cementing techniques were reviewed based on the evaluation of leak-off pressure and overflow pressure, and a "normal injection reverse squeezing plus timely pressurizing" cementing program was established. Using software simulation, the placement of centralizer and the rheology of spacer were optimized, and high flow rate and multiple displacement were used to increase the displacing efficiency. Field application of these technical measures showed that the casing string were run smoothly to the designed depth. No lost circulation and overflow have ever occurred during normal injection cementing. High flow rate was obtained and the top of cement was controllable during reverse squeezing cementing. Channeling test at the bell nipple at negative pressure was certified,indicating that the water zones were successfully cemented.
引文
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[12]王翀,谢飞燕,刘爱萍,等.油基钻井液用冲洗液BCS-020L研制及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(6):36-39.WANG Chong,XIE Feiyan,LIU Aiping,et al.Research and application of flushing fluid BCS-020L for oil-based drilling fluid cleaning[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(6):36-39.
[13]陶谦,周仕明,张晋凯,等.水泥浆流变性对水平井固井顶替界面的影响[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(2):185-190.TAO Qian,ZHOU Shiming,ZHANG Jinkai,et al.Effect of rheological property of slurry on cementing displacement interface of horizontal well[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(2):185-190.
[14]郑毅,刘爱萍.环空流动壁面剪应力对固井质量的影响[J].探矿工程,2003(3):38-41.ZHENG Yi,LIU Aiping.The effects of shearing stress along the annulus wall on the cementing quality[J].Exploration Engineering,2003(3):38-41.
[2]BILL HUNTER,FARZAD TAHMOURPOUR,RONNIE FAUL.Cementing casing strings across salt zones an overview of global best practices[C].SPE122079,2009.
[3]庄建山,宋元洪,高飞,等.塔里木山前区块超深井尾管塞流固井技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2016,33(4):83-86.ZHUANG Jianshan,SONG Yuanhong,GAO Fei,et al.Plug flow liner cementing technology for ultra deep well in Piedmont Tarim[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2016,33(4):83-86.
[4]林志辉,王贵宏,李志斌,等.超高密度抗盐水泥浆体系的研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2005,22(S1):59-62.LIN Zhihui,WANG Guihong,LI Zhibin,et al.A ultrahigh density salt torlerant cement slurry[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2005,22(S1):59-62.
[5]刘群英,王野,范莉,等.膏盐层固井水泥浆技术[J]钻井液与完井液,2005,22(2):59-61.LIU Qunying,WANG Ye,FAN Li,et al.Cement slurry technology for gypsum-salt rock[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2005,22(2):59-61.
[6]李早元,支亚靓,邓智中,等.库车山前井防漏固井方法技术研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2015,32(3):55-58.LI Zaoyuan,ZHI Yaliang,DENG Zhizhong,et al.Research on leak-proof cementing technology for Kuche piedmont well[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2015,32(3):55-58.
[7]TENG XUEQING,YUAN ZHONGTAO,AI ZHENGQING,et al.Application of thick salt-gypsum formation cementing technology in KS gas field[C].SPE176360,2015.
[8]SY/T 5480-92.注水泥流变性设计[S].SY/T 5480—92.Rheology design of cementing[S].
[9]马勇,姚坤全,付华才,等.非常规条件下超深漏失井尾管固井作业[J].天然气工业,2012,32(9):71-73.MA Yong,YAO Kunquan,FU Huacai,et al.Liner cementing of ultra deep absorption well under unconventional conditions[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(9):71-73.
[10]钻井手册编写组.钻井手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990.Drilling Manual Compilation Group.Drilling Manual[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1990.
[11]马勇,郑有成,徐冰青,等.精细控压压力平衡阀固井技术的应用实践[J].天然气工业,2017,37(8):61-64.MA Yong,ZHENG Youcheng,XU Bingqing,et al.Application precise MPD and pressure balance cementing technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(8):61-64.
[12]王翀,谢飞燕,刘爱萍,等.油基钻井液用冲洗液BCS-020L研制及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(6):36-39.WANG Chong,XIE Feiyan,LIU Aiping,et al.Research and application of flushing fluid BCS-020L for oil-based drilling fluid cleaning[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(6):36-39.
[13]陶谦,周仕明,张晋凯,等.水泥浆流变性对水平井固井顶替界面的影响[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(2):185-190.TAO Qian,ZHOU Shiming,ZHANG Jinkai,et al.Effect of rheological property of slurry on cementing displacement interface of horizontal well[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(2):185-190.
[14]郑毅,刘爱萍.环空流动壁面剪应力对固井质量的影响[J].探矿工程,2003(3):38-41.ZHENG Yi,LIU Aiping.The effects of shearing stress along the annulus wall on the cementing quality[J].Exploration Engineering,2003(3):38-41.