安徽省用水网络管理与关键区域界定
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摘要
基于2005～2016年安徽省16个城市的用水量数据,利用社会网络分析(SNA)方法刻画了区域用水空间关联的网络结构特征,并进一步对水资源管理重点区域进行了筛选。研究发现:安徽省域内的用水联系紧密,不存在孤立的城市节点,样本考察期内,区域用水空间关联的网络密度有所下降,但呈现为等级森严的网络结构;个体网络特征表现出明显的"极化效应"和"马太效应",合肥、马鞍山和芜湖具有较高的度数中心度、中间中心度和接近中心度,处于网络中的核心位置,主导着关联网络中水资源的流动和溢出;目前安徽省区域用水网络处于多核心阶段,且由初期的合肥和马鞍山-芜湖-铜陵双核驱动模式逐步演变成以阜阳、合肥和马鞍山-芜湖-铜陵为三大增长极的空间稳定格局。
Based on the data of water consumption in 16 cities of Anhui province from 2005 to 2016, the method of Social Network Analysis(SNA) is introduced to reveal the spatial correlation network structure of regional water use, and then the key areas of water management can be screened. The results show: the spatial linkages among regional water use are very close, there is no isolated urban node in the entire sample cities. During the investigated period, the network density declined slightly with a hierarchical network structure. The individual network characteristics show significant "polarization effect" and "Matthew effect". Hefei, Wuhu and Maanshan are located in the center of the network with high degree, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality, which dominate the water flow and overflow in the spatial network. At present, the regional water network in Anhui province is in the multi-core stage, which has evolved from the initial period with dual-core driving mode consists of Hefei and Maanshan-Wuhu-Tongling to the stable spatial pattern of three growth poles of Fuyang, Hefei and Maanshan-Wuhu-Tongling.
Based on the data of water consumption in 16 cities of Anhui province from 2005 to 2016, the method of Social Network Analysis(SNA) is introduced to reveal the spatial correlation network structure of regional water use, and then the key areas of water management can be screened. The results show: the spatial linkages among regional water use are very close, there is no isolated urban node in the entire sample cities. During the investigated period, the network density declined slightly with a hierarchical network structure. The individual network characteristics show significant "polarization effect" and "Matthew effect". Hefei, Wuhu and Maanshan are located in the center of the network with high degree, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality, which dominate the water flow and overflow in the spatial network. At present, the regional water network in Anhui province is in the multi-core stage, which has evolved from the initial period with dual-core driving mode consists of Hefei and Maanshan-Wuhu-Tongling to the stable spatial pattern of three growth poles of Fuyang, Hefei and Maanshan-Wuhu-Tongling.
引文
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[15] 张峰,宋晓娜,薛惠锋,等.中国工业水资源利用效率的空间收敛效应[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2018(3):50-60.ZHANG F,SONG X N,XUE H F,et al.A spatial convergence effect analysis of China’s industrial water use efficiency [J].Journal of Capital University of Economics and Business,2018(3):50-60.
[16] 汤放华,汤慧,孙倩,等.长江中游城市集群经济网络结构分析[J].地理学报,2013,68(10):1357-1366.TANG F H,TANG H,SUN Q,et al.Analysis of the economic network structure of urban agglomerations in the middle Yangtze River [J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(10):1357-1366.
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[20] CASSI L,MORRISON A,WAL A L J T.The evolution of trade and scientific collaboration networks in the global wine sector:A longitudinal study using network analysis[J].Economic Geography,2012,88(3):311-334.
[21] 杨丽花,佟连军.基于社会网络分析法的生态工业园典型案例研究[J].生态学报,2012,32(13):4236-4245.YANG L H,TONG L J.Research of typical EIPs based on the social network analysis [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(13):4236-4245.
[22] 方大春,周正荣.安徽省城市经济联系结构研究:基于社会网络分析[J].华东经济管理,2013(1):18-22.FANG D C,ZHOU Z R.Research on the structure of economic ties in cities in Anhui Province:Based on the social network analysis [J].East China Economic Management,2013(1):18-22.
[2] 秦腾,章恒全,佟金萍,等.长江经济带城镇化进程中的水资源约束效应分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(3):39-45.QIN T,ZHANG H Q,TONG J P,et al.Water resource constraint on urbanization in Yangtze River Economic Belt [J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2018,28(3):39-45.
[3] 杨骞,刘华军.污染排放约束下中国农业水资源效率的区域差异与影响因素[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(1):114-128.YANG Q,LIU H J.Regional disparity and influencing factors of agricultural water resources efficiency with the constraint of pollution [J].The Journal of Quantitative & Technical Economics,2015(1):114-128.
[4] 孙才志,赵良仕.环境规制下的中国水资源利用环境技术效率测度及空间关联特征分析[J].经济地理,2013,33(2):26-32.SUN C Z,ZHAO L S.Water resources utilization environmental efficiency measurement and its spatial correlation characteristics analysis under the environmental regulation background [J].Economic Geography,2013,33(2):26-32.
[5] 刘华军,孙亚男,陈明华.雾霾污染的城市间动态关联及其成因研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(3):74-81.LIU H J,SUN Y N,CHEN M H.Dynamic correlation and causes of urban haze pollution [J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2017,27(3):74-81.
[6] 孙爱军,方先明.中国省际水资源利用效率的空间分布格局及决定因素[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(5):139-145.SUN A J,FANG X M.Spatial distribution and determinant of water usage among inter-provinces in China [J].Population,Resources and Environment,2010,20(5):139-145.
[7] 盖美,吴慧歌,曲本亮.新一轮东北振兴背景下的辽宁省水资源利用效率及其空间关联格局研究[J].资源科学,2016,38(7):1336-1349.GAI M,WU H G,QU B L.Water resource utilization efficiency and disparities in spatial correlation pattern research in Liaoning under the background of new round revitalization of Northeast China [J].Resources Science,2016,38(7):1336-1349.
[8] 孙才志,陈栓,赵良仕.基于ESDA的中国省际水足迹强度的空间关联格局分析[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(4):571-582.SUN C Z,CHEN S,ZHAO L S.Spatial correlation pattern analysis of water footprint intensity based on ESDA model at provincial scale in China [J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(4):571-582.
[9] 阚大学,吕连菊.中国城镇化对水资源利用的影响研究——基于水足迹视角和空间动态面板数据[J].上海经济研究,2017(12):37-46.KAN D X,LV L J.Study on the impact of urbanization on water resources utilization in China:A perspective based on water footprint and spatial dynamic panel data [J].Shanghai Economic Review,2017(12):37-46.
[10] 赵良仕,孙才志,郑德凤.中国省际水资源利用效率与空间溢出效应测度[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):121-133.ZHAO L S,SUN C Z,ZHENG D F.Water resource utilization efficiency and its spatial spillover effects measure in China [J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(1):121-133.
[11] 鲍超,陈小杰,梁广林.基于空间计量模型的河南省用水效率影响因素分析[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(7):1138-1148.BAO C,CHEN X J,LIANG G L.Analysis on the influencing factors of water use efficiency in Henan Province based on spatial econometric models [J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(7):1138-1148.
[12] 刘红梅,邓光耀,王克强.中国农产品虚拟水消费的影响因素分析——基于省级数据的动态空间面板STIRPAT模型[J].中国农村经济,2013(8):15-28.LIU H M,DENG G Y,WANG K Q.Analysis of factors affecting virtual water consumption of agricultural products in China:STIRPAT model based on dynamic data panel of provincial data [J].Chinese Rural Economy,2013(8):15-28.
[13] 赵良仕,孙才志,邹玮.基于空间效应的中国省际经济增长与水足迹强度收敛关系分析[J].资源科学,2013,35(11):2224-2231.ZHAO L S,SUN C Z,ZOU W.Convergence between economic growth and water footprint intensity at the provincial scale in China [J].Resources Science,2013,35(11):2224-2231.
[14] 赵良仕,孙才志,郑德凤.中国省际水足迹强度收敛的空间计量分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(5):1085-1093.ZHAO L S,SUN C Z,ZHENG D F.A spatial econometric analysis of water footprint intensity convergence on a provincial scale in China [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(5):1085-1093.
[15] 张峰,宋晓娜,薛惠锋,等.中国工业水资源利用效率的空间收敛效应[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2018(3):50-60.ZHANG F,SONG X N,XUE H F,et al.A spatial convergence effect analysis of China’s industrial water use efficiency [J].Journal of Capital University of Economics and Business,2018(3):50-60.
[16] 汤放华,汤慧,孙倩,等.长江中游城市集群经济网络结构分析[J].地理学报,2013,68(10):1357-1366.TANG F H,TANG H,SUN Q,et al.Analysis of the economic network structure of urban agglomerations in the middle Yangtze River [J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(10):1357-1366.
[17] WOLFE A W.Social Network Analysis:Methods and Applications[J].American Ethnologist,1997,24(1):219-220.
[18] DUCRUET C,BEAUGUITTE L.Spatial Science and Network Science:Review and outcomes of a complex relationship[J].Networks & Spatial Economics,2014,14(3-4):297-316.
[19] BORGATTI S P,MEHRA A,BRASS D J,et al.Network analysis in the social sciences[J].Science,2009,323(5916):892-895.
[20] CASSI L,MORRISON A,WAL A L J T.The evolution of trade and scientific collaboration networks in the global wine sector:A longitudinal study using network analysis[J].Economic Geography,2012,88(3):311-334.
[21] 杨丽花,佟连军.基于社会网络分析法的生态工业园典型案例研究[J].生态学报,2012,32(13):4236-4245.YANG L H,TONG L J.Research of typical EIPs based on the social network analysis [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(13):4236-4245.
[22] 方大春,周正荣.安徽省城市经济联系结构研究:基于社会网络分析[J].华东经济管理,2013(1):18-22.FANG D C,ZHOU Z R.Research on the structure of economic ties in cities in Anhui Province:Based on the social network analysis [J].East China Economic Management,2013(1):18-22.