伊丽莎白·斯托达德所折射出的美国19世纪女性作家艺术创作的焦虑
摘要
在19世纪的美国,女性作家的个人艺术创作常常折射出了一种焦虑感,而这种焦虑感主要涉及女性作家对自身作者身份的认同和对其作品文学价值的不确定性。美国19世纪女作家伊丽莎白·斯托达德被文坛遗忘了八十年。本文通过对其个人经历和文学作品的研究,希望从家庭生活的崇拜论、父权社会下的女性创作、婚姻与艺术之间的矛盾和女性的自我怀疑这四个方面分析和理解19世纪的美国女性作家在其艺术创作的道路上和作家身份认同上所遭遇到的困难。
引文
(1)Putzi,Jennifer.“Introduction”,Two Men,by Elizabeth Stoddard.Lincoln,NE:U of Nebraska P,2008,pp.xi-1viii.
(2) Smith,Robert McClure and Ellen Weinauer.American Culture,Canons,and the Case of Elizabeth Stoddard.Tuscaloosa:U of Alabama P,2003,p.6.
(3)Wood,Ann Douglas.“The‘Scribbling Women’and Fanny Fern:Why Women Wrote”,American Quarterly 23:1,1971,pp.3-23.
(4)Gilbert,Sandra M.and Susan Gubar,The Madwoman in the Attic:the Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination.New Haven:Yale UP,1979,p.47.
(5)Romero,Lora.“Domesticity and Fiction”,The Columbia Literary History of the American Novel,Ed.Emory Elliott.New York:Columbia UP,1991,pp.110-129.
(6)Showalter,Elaine.Sister’s Choice:Tradition and Change in American Women’s Writing.Oxford:Clarendon Press,1991,p.12.
(7)Barker,Deborah E.“The Awakening of Female Artistry”,Kate Chopin Reconsidered:Beyond the Bayou,Ed.Lynda S.Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis.Baton Rouge:Louisiana State UP,1992,p.38.
(8)Clinton,Catherine and Christine Lunardini.The Columbia Guide to American Women in the Nineteenth Century.New York:Columbia UP,2000,p.45.
(9)Ammons,Elizabeth.“Gender and Fiction”,The Columbia Literary History of the American Novel,Ed.Emory Elliott.New York:Columbia UP,1991,p.271.
(10)Boyd,Anne E.Writing for Immortality:Women and the Emergence of High Literary Culture in America.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins UP,2004,p.2.
(11)Tocqueville,Alexis de.Democracy in America.Boulder,Colo.:Net Library,1999,p.165.
(12)Beauvoir,Simone de.The Second Sex.Trans.H.M.Parshley.Penguin:Harmondsworth,1972,p.637.
(13)Stoddard,Elizabeth.Poems.Gloucester:Dodo Press,2009,p.22.
(14)Woolf,Virginia.A Room of One’s Own.London:The Hogarth Press,1967,p.163.
(2) Smith,Robert McClure and Ellen Weinauer.American Culture,Canons,and the Case of Elizabeth Stoddard.Tuscaloosa:U of Alabama P,2003,p.6.
(3)Wood,Ann Douglas.“The‘Scribbling Women’and Fanny Fern:Why Women Wrote”,American Quarterly 23:1,1971,pp.3-23.
(4)Gilbert,Sandra M.and Susan Gubar,The Madwoman in the Attic:the Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination.New Haven:Yale UP,1979,p.47.
(5)Romero,Lora.“Domesticity and Fiction”,The Columbia Literary History of the American Novel,Ed.Emory Elliott.New York:Columbia UP,1991,pp.110-129.
(6)Showalter,Elaine.Sister’s Choice:Tradition and Change in American Women’s Writing.Oxford:Clarendon Press,1991,p.12.
(7)Barker,Deborah E.“The Awakening of Female Artistry”,Kate Chopin Reconsidered:Beyond the Bayou,Ed.Lynda S.Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis.Baton Rouge:Louisiana State UP,1992,p.38.
(8)Clinton,Catherine and Christine Lunardini.The Columbia Guide to American Women in the Nineteenth Century.New York:Columbia UP,2000,p.45.
(9)Ammons,Elizabeth.“Gender and Fiction”,The Columbia Literary History of the American Novel,Ed.Emory Elliott.New York:Columbia UP,1991,p.271.
(10)Boyd,Anne E.Writing for Immortality:Women and the Emergence of High Literary Culture in America.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins UP,2004,p.2.
(11)Tocqueville,Alexis de.Democracy in America.Boulder,Colo.:Net Library,1999,p.165.
(12)Beauvoir,Simone de.The Second Sex.Trans.H.M.Parshley.Penguin:Harmondsworth,1972,p.637.
(13)Stoddard,Elizabeth.Poems.Gloucester:Dodo Press,2009,p.22.
(14)Woolf,Virginia.A Room of One’s Own.London:The Hogarth Press,1967,p.163.