绵阳某河流生活污水区土壤中重金属污染及其生态风险评价
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摘要
本文研究了绵阳某河流生活污水区土壤的5种重金属污染状况,并采用单项污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对土壤重金属的污染进行了分析和评价。结果表明,研究区周围土壤中Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn和Hg含量的平均值分别为38.6、58.00、78.06、149.5和1.28 mg·kg~(-1),所有元素累积超标率都为100%。土壤中各元素含量分布变化幅度较小。单项污染指数表明研究区5种重金属元素都存在一定程度的污染,污染程度顺序为:Hg(2.67)>Cu(2.56)>Zn(2.01)>Pb(1.48)>Cr(1.28)。Pb和Cr处于轻度污染水平,Cu、Zn和Hg已处于中度污染水平。5种重金属的综合污染指数P综合=2.41,总体上该区域土壤已达到中度污染等级。5种重金属污染的潜在生态危害由强至弱依次为:Hg>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn,除Hg处于强风险等级外,其余Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn 4种元素均处于低风险等级,研究区域的潜在生态风险主要由Hg引起。潜在生态风险指数RI为131.57,总体处于低风险等级。
5 heavy metals pollution of the soil in a river Sewage District of mianyang were studied,and the pollution of soil heavy metals were analyzed and evaluated by single pollution index,the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and Hakanson potential ecological risk. The results indicated that,the average contents of Pb,Cu,Cr,Zn and Hg was 38. 6,58. 00,78. 06,149. 5 and1. 28mg·kg~(-1)respectively in the studied area,the contents of every metal has relatively smooth change.The accumulative over standard rate of 5 heavy metals were 100%. The single pollution index showed that,5 heavy metals had certain degree of pollution in the studied area,their pollution degree was in the order of Hg( 2. 67) > Cu( 2. 56) > Zn( 2. 01) > Pb( 1. 48) > Cr( 1. 28),which means that Pb and Cr were in a slight pollution levels,Cu、Zn and Hg were in the moderate pollution level. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index of 5 heavy metals was 2. 41,which indicated that the 100%soil in the study area was under the moderate pollution.Likewise,the potential ecological risk was characterized by the order of Hg>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn.In addition to Hg in the strong risk level,the rest of the Pb,Cu,Cr and Zn were at low risk level,the potential ecological risk in the study area is mainly caused by Hg.The potential ecological risk indexes( RI) of 5 heavy metals was 131. 57,and posed low potential ecological risks for the study soil.
5 heavy metals pollution of the soil in a river Sewage District of mianyang were studied,and the pollution of soil heavy metals were analyzed and evaluated by single pollution index,the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and Hakanson potential ecological risk. The results indicated that,the average contents of Pb,Cu,Cr,Zn and Hg was 38. 6,58. 00,78. 06,149. 5 and1. 28mg·kg~(-1)respectively in the studied area,the contents of every metal has relatively smooth change.The accumulative over standard rate of 5 heavy metals were 100%. The single pollution index showed that,5 heavy metals had certain degree of pollution in the studied area,their pollution degree was in the order of Hg( 2. 67) > Cu( 2. 56) > Zn( 2. 01) > Pb( 1. 48) > Cr( 1. 28),which means that Pb and Cr were in a slight pollution levels,Cu、Zn and Hg were in the moderate pollution level. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index of 5 heavy metals was 2. 41,which indicated that the 100%soil in the study area was under the moderate pollution.Likewise,the potential ecological risk was characterized by the order of Hg>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn.In addition to Hg in the strong risk level,the rest of the Pb,Cu,Cr and Zn were at low risk level,the potential ecological risk in the study area is mainly caused by Hg.The potential ecological risk indexes( RI) of 5 heavy metals was 131. 57,and posed low potential ecological risks for the study soil.
引文
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[2]刘苹,赵海军,刘兆辉,等.山东省露地蔬菜产地土壤重金属含量的环境质量分析与评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(6):1130-1136.
[3]陈黎萍,艾应伟,于燕华,等.川中丘陵区铁路旁土壤重金属含量及化学形态研究[J].化学研究与应用,2008,20(5):552-556.
[4]王立硕,毕见霖,王馨慧,等.非常规水源补给城市河流表层沉积物重金属污染及风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(3):903-910.
[5]柴世伟,温琰茂,张亚雷,等.广州市郊区农业土壤重金属污染评价分析[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(4):138-142.
[6]许柏宁,王鹏,王建壹,等.北京某环路两侧土壤重金属污染风险评价[J].环境化学,2014,33(12):2152-2161.
[7]郭笑笑,刘丛强,朱兆洲,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(5):889-896.
[8]范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):310-315.
[9]程芳,程金平,桑恒春,等.大金山岛土壤重金属污染评价及相关性分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):1062-1066.
[10]成永霞,赵宗生,王亚洲,等.河南省某铅冶炼厂附近农田土壤重金属污染特征[J].土壤通报,2014,45(6):1506-1510.
[11]张爱星,聂义宁,季宏兵,等.北京市水源汉阳区上游万庄金矿田土壤重金属空间分布、形态特征及污染评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(12):2321-2328.
[12]Hakanson L.An ecology risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[13]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.