赛博朋克小说中的都市空间想象
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摘要
诞生于20世纪后期的赛博朋克小说是当代英语科幻小说中最重要的亚文类之一,为当代科幻小说添加了特色鲜明的城市写作维度:它所聚焦的后现代大都会有着阴郁的旧色调,同时闪烁着信息通讯新科技的崇高之光。都市空间受到资本宰制,但仍为个人反叛留出缝隙,隐藏着突破和流变。城市既有物质形态的稳定性和固定边界,又叠加了虚拟空间的维度,指向加速与无限性。赛博朋克小说复杂的都市空间表征呼唤着我们对其进行综合性的解读,辨析它对城市文学传统的继承,对当代城市化进程新现象的关注,以及对未来都市发展的想象,而这种辨析可以更加深入地呈现赛博朋克小说从科幻文学角度对文化、现代性、资本、技术、身体性等人类栖息于城市空间中的重要议题的表征以及思考。
The cyberpunk fictions, as one of the most important subgenres in the contemporary science fictions, are marked by their idiosyncratic urban visions: the metropolitan space is both in nostalgic tune with the setting of noir fiction and silvered by the sublimity of advanced technology. Heavily molded by the forces of late capitalism, it still leaves lanes and backdoors open for personal rebellion. Cities, with their buildings and streets, are solid entities with fixed boundaries; however, the virtual dimension adds to it the potentiality of mobility and infinity. The complexity of cyberpunk urban representation thus demands a more comprehensive study. An investigation into the cyberpunk fictions' ties with the tradition of urban writing, their concerns about the issues of contemporary urbanization and their representation of future metropolis, will manifest how the cyberpunk fictions, as the new trend of science fiction in the age of information and communications technology, envision the dynamic interaction of culture, modernity, capital, technology and body, which are the key factors defining urban spatial practices.
The cyberpunk fictions, as one of the most important subgenres in the contemporary science fictions, are marked by their idiosyncratic urban visions: the metropolitan space is both in nostalgic tune with the setting of noir fiction and silvered by the sublimity of advanced technology. Heavily molded by the forces of late capitalism, it still leaves lanes and backdoors open for personal rebellion. Cities, with their buildings and streets, are solid entities with fixed boundaries; however, the virtual dimension adds to it the potentiality of mobility and infinity. The complexity of cyberpunk urban representation thus demands a more comprehensive study. An investigation into the cyberpunk fictions' ties with the tradition of urban writing, their concerns about the issues of contemporary urbanization and their representation of future metropolis, will manifest how the cyberpunk fictions, as the new trend of science fiction in the age of information and communications technology, envision the dynamic interaction of culture, modernity, capital, technology and body, which are the key factors defining urban spatial practices.
引文
(1)Robert Warren,et al.,“The Future of the Future in Planning:Appropriating Cyberpunk Visions of the City,”Journal of Planning Education and Research,Vol.18,No.1,1998,pp.49-50.
(2)Carl Abbott,“Cyberpunk Cities:Science Fiction Meets Urban Theory,”Journal of Planning Education and Research,Vol.27,No.2,Dec.2007,pp.122-131.
(3)Natalie Collie,“Cities of the Imagination:Science Fiction,Urban Space,and Community Engagement in Urban Planning,”Futures,Vol.43,No.4,May.2011,pp.424-431.
(1)Bethany Ogdon,“Hard-Boiled Ideology,”Critical Quarterly,Vol.34,No.1,Mar.1992,p.74.
(2)Leslie Fiedler,Love and Death in the American Novel,New York:Criterion,1960,p.476.
(3)[美]理查德·利罕:《文学中的城市》,吴子枫译,上海人民出版社,2009年,第167页。
(4)[美]理查德·利罕:《文学中的城市》,吴子枫译,第333-335页。
(1)David Punter,The Literature of Terror:A History of Gothic Fictions from 1765 to the Present Day,Vol.2,London:Longman,1996,pp.174-175.
(2)Richard Kadrey and Larry McCaffery,“Cyberpunk 101 A:Schematic Guide to Storming the Reality Studio,”in Larry McCaffery ed.,Storming the Reality Studio,Durham:Duke University Press,1991,p.17.
(3)[美]尼尔·斯蒂芬森:《雪崩》,郭泽译,成都:四川科学技术出版社,2009年,第220-221页。
(4)William Gibson,Count Zero,New York:Ace,1987,pp.144-146.
(5)[英]理查德·摩根:《副本》,崔正男译,成都:四川科学技术出版社,2011年,第502页。
(6)Samuel R.Delany,Shorter Views:Queer Thoughts and the Politics of the Paraliterary,Hanover,NH:Wesleyan University Press,1999,p.343.
(7)Steve Graham,ed.,The Cybercities Reader,New York:Routledge,2004,p.1.
(1)William Gibson,Neuromancer,New York:Ace,2004,p.3.
(2)Allen J.Scott and Edward W.Soja,The City:Los Angeles and Urban Theory at the End of the Twentieth Century,Berkeley:Uni‐versity of California Press,1998,p.viii.
(3)[美]保罗·诺克斯、[美]史蒂文·平奇:《城市社会地理学导论》,柴彦威、张景秋译,北京:商务印书馆,2005年,第65页。
(4)Mark D.Gottdiener and Leslie Budd,Key Concepts in Urban Studies,New York:Sage,2005,pp.83-85.
(5)Mike Davis,City of Quartz:Excavating the Future in Los Angeles,London and New York:Verso,2006,pp.6-7.
(6)Mark Gottdiener and Ray Hutchison,eds.,The New Urban Sociology:Fourth Edition,Boulder:Westview Press,2010,p.xiv.
(1)Simon Parker,Urban Theory and the Urban Experience:Encountering the City,New York:Routledge,2005,p.111.
(2)Roger Burrows,“Virtual Culture,Urban Social Polarisation and Social Science Fiction,”in Brian D.Loader,ed.,The Governance of Cyberspace,New York:Routledge,2003,p.41.
(3)Peter Marcuse and Ronald Van Kempen,eds.,Globalizing Cities:A New Spatial Order?New York:Wiley-Blackwell,2000,p.20.
(4)Fredric Jameson,Postmodernism,or,The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism,Durham,NC:Duke University Press,1991,p.417.
(5)Roger Burrows,“Virtual Culture,Urban Social Polarisation and Social Science Fiction,”in Brian D.Loader,ed.,The Governance of Cyberspace,p.40.
(6)Roger Burrows,“Virtual Culture,Urban Social Polarisation and Social Science Fiction,”in Brian D.Loader,ed.,The Governance of Cyberspace,p.41.
(7)[美]尼尔·斯蒂芬森:《雪崩》,郭泽译,第169页。
(1)[美]尼尔·斯蒂芬森:《雪崩》,郭泽译,第15页。
(2)Christophe Den Tandt,“Cyberpunk as Naturalist Science Fiction,”Studies in American Naturalism,Vol.8,No.1,Sept.2013,p.95.
(3)Claire Sponsler,“Beyond the Ruins:The Geopolitics of Urban Decay and Cybernetic Play,”Science Fiction Studies,Vol.20,No.2,1993,p.252.
(4)Claire Sponsler,“Beyond the Ruins:The Geopolitics of Urban Decay and Cybernetic Play,”p.252.
(5)David Seed,“Cyberpunk and Dystopia:Pat Cadigan’s Networks,”in Tom Moylan and Raffaella Baccolini,eds.,Dark Horizons:Science Fiction and the Dystopian Imagination,London:Psychology Press,2003,p.70.
(6)Patrick Novotny,“No Future!Cyberpunk,Industrial Music,and the Aesthetics of Postmodern Disintegration,”in Donald M.Hassler,et al.,eds.,Political Science Fiction,Columbia:University of South Carolina Press,1997,p.111.
(7)Robert Warren,et al.,“The Future of the Future in Planning:Appropriating Cyberpunk Visions of the City,”Journal of Planning Education and Research,Vol.18,No.1,1998,pp.49-60.
(8)John Hagedorn,A World of Gangs:Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture,Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,2008,p.xv.
(1)[英]理查德·摩根:《副本》,崔正男译,第171页。
(2)Claire Sponsler,“Cyberpunk and the Dilemmas of Postmodern Narrative:The Example of William Gibson,”Contemporary Literature,Vol.33,No.4,1992,p.641.
(3)Herlander Elias,Cyberpunk 2.0:Fiction and Contemporary,p.17,p.18.
(4)Bruce Sterling,Mirrorshades:The Cyberpunk Anthology,New York:Ace Books,1988,p.xi.
(5)Victoria Blake,ed.,Cyberpunk:Stories of Hardware,Software,Wetware,Evolution,and Revolution,New York:Underland Press,2013,p.10.
(6)[美]唐娜·哈拉维:《类人猿、赛博格和女人》,陈静等译,开封:河南大学出版社,2012年,第205页。
(1)William Gibson,Mona Lisa Overdrive,New York:Spectra,1989,p.319.
(2)David J.Bell,et al.,ed.,Cyberculture:The Key Concepts,New York:Routledge,2004,p.40.
(3)Jos de Mul,Cyberspace Odyssey:Towards a Virtual Ontology and Anthropology,Newcastle:Cambridge Scholars Publishing,2010,p.55.
(4)Michel S.Laguerre,The Digital City:The American Metropolis and Information Technology,New York:Palgrave,2006,p.xii.
(1)William Gibson,Neuromancer,p.43.
(2)Henri Lefebvre,Writings on Cities,Oxford:Blackwell,1996,p.53.
(2)Carl Abbott,“Cyberpunk Cities:Science Fiction Meets Urban Theory,”Journal of Planning Education and Research,Vol.27,No.2,Dec.2007,pp.122-131.
(3)Natalie Collie,“Cities of the Imagination:Science Fiction,Urban Space,and Community Engagement in Urban Planning,”Futures,Vol.43,No.4,May.2011,pp.424-431.
(1)Bethany Ogdon,“Hard-Boiled Ideology,”Critical Quarterly,Vol.34,No.1,Mar.1992,p.74.
(2)Leslie Fiedler,Love and Death in the American Novel,New York:Criterion,1960,p.476.
(3)[美]理查德·利罕:《文学中的城市》,吴子枫译,上海人民出版社,2009年,第167页。
(4)[美]理查德·利罕:《文学中的城市》,吴子枫译,第333-335页。
(1)David Punter,The Literature of Terror:A History of Gothic Fictions from 1765 to the Present Day,Vol.2,London:Longman,1996,pp.174-175.
(2)Richard Kadrey and Larry McCaffery,“Cyberpunk 101 A:Schematic Guide to Storming the Reality Studio,”in Larry McCaffery ed.,Storming the Reality Studio,Durham:Duke University Press,1991,p.17.
(3)[美]尼尔·斯蒂芬森:《雪崩》,郭泽译,成都:四川科学技术出版社,2009年,第220-221页。
(4)William Gibson,Count Zero,New York:Ace,1987,pp.144-146.
(5)[英]理查德·摩根:《副本》,崔正男译,成都:四川科学技术出版社,2011年,第502页。
(6)Samuel R.Delany,Shorter Views:Queer Thoughts and the Politics of the Paraliterary,Hanover,NH:Wesleyan University Press,1999,p.343.
(7)Steve Graham,ed.,The Cybercities Reader,New York:Routledge,2004,p.1.
(1)William Gibson,Neuromancer,New York:Ace,2004,p.3.
(2)Allen J.Scott and Edward W.Soja,The City:Los Angeles and Urban Theory at the End of the Twentieth Century,Berkeley:Uni‐versity of California Press,1998,p.viii.
(3)[美]保罗·诺克斯、[美]史蒂文·平奇:《城市社会地理学导论》,柴彦威、张景秋译,北京:商务印书馆,2005年,第65页。
(4)Mark D.Gottdiener and Leslie Budd,Key Concepts in Urban Studies,New York:Sage,2005,pp.83-85.
(5)Mike Davis,City of Quartz:Excavating the Future in Los Angeles,London and New York:Verso,2006,pp.6-7.
(6)Mark Gottdiener and Ray Hutchison,eds.,The New Urban Sociology:Fourth Edition,Boulder:Westview Press,2010,p.xiv.
(1)Simon Parker,Urban Theory and the Urban Experience:Encountering the City,New York:Routledge,2005,p.111.
(2)Roger Burrows,“Virtual Culture,Urban Social Polarisation and Social Science Fiction,”in Brian D.Loader,ed.,The Governance of Cyberspace,New York:Routledge,2003,p.41.
(3)Peter Marcuse and Ronald Van Kempen,eds.,Globalizing Cities:A New Spatial Order?New York:Wiley-Blackwell,2000,p.20.
(4)Fredric Jameson,Postmodernism,or,The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism,Durham,NC:Duke University Press,1991,p.417.
(5)Roger Burrows,“Virtual Culture,Urban Social Polarisation and Social Science Fiction,”in Brian D.Loader,ed.,The Governance of Cyberspace,p.40.
(6)Roger Burrows,“Virtual Culture,Urban Social Polarisation and Social Science Fiction,”in Brian D.Loader,ed.,The Governance of Cyberspace,p.41.
(7)[美]尼尔·斯蒂芬森:《雪崩》,郭泽译,第169页。
(1)[美]尼尔·斯蒂芬森:《雪崩》,郭泽译,第15页。
(2)Christophe Den Tandt,“Cyberpunk as Naturalist Science Fiction,”Studies in American Naturalism,Vol.8,No.1,Sept.2013,p.95.
(3)Claire Sponsler,“Beyond the Ruins:The Geopolitics of Urban Decay and Cybernetic Play,”Science Fiction Studies,Vol.20,No.2,1993,p.252.
(4)Claire Sponsler,“Beyond the Ruins:The Geopolitics of Urban Decay and Cybernetic Play,”p.252.
(5)David Seed,“Cyberpunk and Dystopia:Pat Cadigan’s Networks,”in Tom Moylan and Raffaella Baccolini,eds.,Dark Horizons:Science Fiction and the Dystopian Imagination,London:Psychology Press,2003,p.70.
(6)Patrick Novotny,“No Future!Cyberpunk,Industrial Music,and the Aesthetics of Postmodern Disintegration,”in Donald M.Hassler,et al.,eds.,Political Science Fiction,Columbia:University of South Carolina Press,1997,p.111.
(7)Robert Warren,et al.,“The Future of the Future in Planning:Appropriating Cyberpunk Visions of the City,”Journal of Planning Education and Research,Vol.18,No.1,1998,pp.49-60.
(8)John Hagedorn,A World of Gangs:Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture,Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,2008,p.xv.
(1)[英]理查德·摩根:《副本》,崔正男译,第171页。
(2)Claire Sponsler,“Cyberpunk and the Dilemmas of Postmodern Narrative:The Example of William Gibson,”Contemporary Literature,Vol.33,No.4,1992,p.641.
(3)Herlander Elias,Cyberpunk 2.0:Fiction and Contemporary,p.17,p.18.
(4)Bruce Sterling,Mirrorshades:The Cyberpunk Anthology,New York:Ace Books,1988,p.xi.
(5)Victoria Blake,ed.,Cyberpunk:Stories of Hardware,Software,Wetware,Evolution,and Revolution,New York:Underland Press,2013,p.10.
(6)[美]唐娜·哈拉维:《类人猿、赛博格和女人》,陈静等译,开封:河南大学出版社,2012年,第205页。
(1)William Gibson,Mona Lisa Overdrive,New York:Spectra,1989,p.319.
(2)David J.Bell,et al.,ed.,Cyberculture:The Key Concepts,New York:Routledge,2004,p.40.
(3)Jos de Mul,Cyberspace Odyssey:Towards a Virtual Ontology and Anthropology,Newcastle:Cambridge Scholars Publishing,2010,p.55.
(4)Michel S.Laguerre,The Digital City:The American Metropolis and Information Technology,New York:Palgrave,2006,p.xii.
(1)William Gibson,Neuromancer,p.43.
(2)Henri Lefebvre,Writings on Cities,Oxford:Blackwell,1996,p.53.