近40年芝罘湾岸线时空演变及围填海活动评价
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摘要
利用1975、1985、1995、2005和2015年5期Landsat影像对烟台芝罘湾海岸线40年的时空变化进行了分析,在此基础上,对围填海活动进行开发强度评价和潜力预测,结果表明,(1)40年间,芝罘湾岸线以向海方向运动为主,岸线长度增加13.09 km,湾顶部岸线变化强烈,海湾面积以大约0.19 km2/a的速度持续缩小;(2)岸线类型已由最初自然岸线为主转变为以人工岸线占绝对优势,其中,港口、码头类型岸线长度增速为0.52km/a,是引起岸线向海变化的主要岸线类型;(3)沿岸开发活动长期以围填海为主导,利用强度持续增强。至2015年,芝罘湾围填海可利用面积约为2.57 km2,照目前的开发速度,预计大约15~16 a后到达围填海潜力极限,节约、集约用海尤为重要。
Shorelines in the Zhifu Bay, Yantai City are extracted from Landsat satellite image data for the years of 1975, 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015. The spatiotemporal evolutions of shorelines are analyzed, and the corresponding sea reclamation intensity and potential are evaluated and predicted for the recent 40 years. The results show that(1) the spatial locations of shorelines are mainly advancing seaward, the length of shoreline has increased by 13.09 km, rapid variation of the shoreline has appeared at the top of the bay, and the total area of the Zhifu Bay decreased continuously at an average rate of 0.19 km~2/a;(2) natural shoreline was originally the primary type, which now has been almost entirely replaced by artificial shoreline, and the port and wharf shoreline increased at a rate of 0.52 km/a, which is the main cause of shoreline seaward movement; and(3) development activities were dominated by sea reclamation for a long time, and the utilization intensity has strengthened continuously. By 2015, the area available for sea reclamation was approximately 2.57 km~2. This research predicted that the reclamation potential would reach its limit after 15–16 years based on the current utilization rate. Both saving and intensive use of sea area are very important.
Shorelines in the Zhifu Bay, Yantai City are extracted from Landsat satellite image data for the years of 1975, 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015. The spatiotemporal evolutions of shorelines are analyzed, and the corresponding sea reclamation intensity and potential are evaluated and predicted for the recent 40 years. The results show that(1) the spatial locations of shorelines are mainly advancing seaward, the length of shoreline has increased by 13.09 km, rapid variation of the shoreline has appeared at the top of the bay, and the total area of the Zhifu Bay decreased continuously at an average rate of 0.19 km~2/a;(2) natural shoreline was originally the primary type, which now has been almost entirely replaced by artificial shoreline, and the port and wharf shoreline increased at a rate of 0.52 km/a, which is the main cause of shoreline seaward movement; and(3) development activities were dominated by sea reclamation for a long time, and the utilization intensity has strengthened continuously. By 2015, the area available for sea reclamation was approximately 2.57 km~2. This research predicted that the reclamation potential would reach its limit after 15–16 years based on the current utilization rate. Both saving and intensive use of sea area are very important.
引文
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[10]王集宁,蒙永辉,张丽霞.近42年黄河口海岸线遥感监测与变迁分析[J].国土资源遥感,2016,28(3):188-193.Wang Jining,Meng Yonghui,Zhang Lixia.Remote sensing monitoring and change analysis of Yellow River Estuary coastline in the past 42 years[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2016,28(3):188-193.
[11]刘鹏,王庆,战超,等.基于DSAS和FA的1959-2002年黄河三角洲海岸线演变规律及影响因素研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(3):585-594.Liu Peng,Wang Qing,Zhan Chao,et al.Quantitative analysis of coastline change in the yellow river delta from 1959 to 2002[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2015,46(3):585-594.
[12]张怡.近40年来珠江口海岸线变迁[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2014.Zhang Yi.Analyzing shoreline changes of the Pearl River Estuary based on remote sensing in recent forty years[D].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Normal University,2014.
[13]杜培培,吴晓青,都晓岩,等.莱州湾海域空间开发利用现状评价[J].海洋通报,2017,36(1):19-26.DU Peipei,WU Xiaoqing,DU Xiaoyan,et al.Situation evaluation on the marine spatial development and utilization in the Laizhou Bay[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2017,36(1):19-26.
[14]于杰,杜飞燕.陈宝国,等.基于遥感技术的大亚湾海岸线的变迁研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2009,24(4):514-516.Yu Jie,Du Feiyan,Chen Baoguo,et al.Research on coastline change of Daya Bay using remote sensing technology[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2009,24(4):514-516.
[15]侯西勇,侯婉,毋亭.20世纪40年代初以来中国大陆沿海主要海湾形态变化[J].地理学报,2016,71(1):118-129.Hou Xiyong,Hou Wan,Wu Ting.Shape changes of major gulfs along the mainland of China since the early 1940s[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(1):118-129.
[16]张霞,庄智,张旭凯,等.秦皇岛海岸线遥感提取及变化监测[J].遥感技术与应用,2014,29(4):625-630.Zhang Xia,Zhuang Zhi,Zhang Xukai,et al.Coastline extraction and change monitoring by remote sensing technology in Qinhuangdao City[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2014,29(4):625-630.
[17]邸向红,王周龙,王庆,等.土地利用变化对芝罘岛沙坝附近海岸带的影响[J].海洋科学,2011,35(8):76-82.DI Xianghong,Wang Zhoulong,Wang Qing,et al.Effects of land use on the development of coastal zone near the Zhifu Island tombolo[J].Marine Sciences,2011,35(8):76-82.
[18]宫立新,金秉福,李建英.近20年来烟台典型地区海湾海岸线的变化[J].海洋科学,2008,32(11):64-68.Gong Lixin,Jin Bingfu,Li Jianying.The changing of typical bay coastline in Yantai in recent 20 years[J].Marine Sciences,2008,32(11):64-68.
[19]Oyedotun T D T.Shoreline geometry:DSAS as a tool for historical trend analysis[J].Geomorphological Techniques,2014,3(2.2):1-12.
[20]高义,王辉,苏奋振,等.中国大陆海岸线近30a的时空变化分析[J].海洋学报,2013,25(6):31-42.Gao Yi,Wang Hui,Su Fenzhen,et al.The analysis of spatial and temperal changes of the continental coastline of China in recent three decades[J].Acta Oceanologic Sinica,2013,25(6):31-42.
[21]Fletcher C,Rooney J,Barbee M,et al.Mapping shoreline change using digital orthophotogrammetry on Maui,Hawaii[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2003,38:106-124.
[22]毋亭,侯西勇.海岸线变化研究综述[J].生态学报,2016,36(4):1170-1182.Wu Ting,Hou Xiyong.Review of research on coastline changes[J].Actc Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(4):1170-1182.
[23]付元宾,曹可,王飞,等.围填海强度与潜力定量评价方法初探[J].海洋开发与管理,2010,27(1):27-30.FU Yuanbin,Cao Ke,Wang Fei,et al.Study on the quantitative assessment method of coastal reclamation intensity and development potential[J].Ocean Development and Management,2010,27(1):27-30.
[2]Zhu L H,Wu J Z,Xu Z Q,et al.Coastline movement and change along the Bohai Sea from 1987 to 2012[J].Journal of Applied Remote Sensing,2014(8):1-16.
[3]李亚宁,王倩,郭佩芳,等.近20a来渤海岸线演变及其开发利用策略[J].海洋湖沼通报,2015(3):32-38.Li Yaning,Wang Qian,Guo Peifang,et al.Shoreline succession during recent 20 years in the Bohai Sea and the straergies for the development and utilization[J].Tranactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2015(3):32-38.
[4]朱国强,苏奋振,张君珏.南海周边国家近20年海岸线时空变化分析[J].海洋通报,2015,34(5):481-490.Zhu Guoqiang,Su Fenzhen,Zhang Junjue.Analysis on spatial-temporal changes of the coastline in the countries around the South China Sea in recent two decades[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2015,34(5):481-490.
[5]张君珏,苏奋振,左秀玲,等.南海周边海岸带开发利用空间分异[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):379-332.Zhang Junjue,Su Fenzhen,Zuo Xiuling,et al.Research on the spatial differentiation of coastal land development surrounding South China Sea[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(2):379-332.
[6]刘荣杰,张杰,闫秋双,等.1982~2012年间福建省主要河口海岸岸线变迁遥感监测分析[J].应用海洋学报,2014,33(3):425-433.Liu Rongjie,Zhang Jie,Yan Qiushuang,et al.Remote sensing monitoring and analysis of shoreline evolution in estuaries of Fujian Province from 1982 to 2012[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2014,33(3):425-433.
[7]李行,张连蓬,姬长晨,等.基于遥感和GIS的江苏省海岸线时空变化[J].地理研究,2014,33(3):414-426.Li Hang,Zhang Lianpeng,Ji Changchen,et al.Spatiotemporal changes of Jiangsu coastline:A remote sensing and GIS approach[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(3):414-426.
[8]孙超,刘永学,李满春,等.近25a来江苏中部沿海盐沼分布时空演变及围垦影响分析[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(9):1486-1498.Sun Chao,Liu Yongxue,Li Manchun,et al.Spatiotemporal evolution of salt marsh and influential analysis of reclamation of Jiangsu middle coast in recent 25years[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(9):1486-1498.
[9]闫秋双,刘荣杰,马毅.1973年以来射阳河口附近海岸蚀淤变化遥感分析[J].海洋科学,2015,39(9):94-100.Yan Qiushuang,Liu Rongjie,Ma Yi.Remote sensing analysis of shoreline changes along the coast near the Sheyang River Estuary of Jiangsu Province since 1973[J].Marine Sciences,2015,39(9):94-100.
[10]王集宁,蒙永辉,张丽霞.近42年黄河口海岸线遥感监测与变迁分析[J].国土资源遥感,2016,28(3):188-193.Wang Jining,Meng Yonghui,Zhang Lixia.Remote sensing monitoring and change analysis of Yellow River Estuary coastline in the past 42 years[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2016,28(3):188-193.
[11]刘鹏,王庆,战超,等.基于DSAS和FA的1959-2002年黄河三角洲海岸线演变规律及影响因素研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(3):585-594.Liu Peng,Wang Qing,Zhan Chao,et al.Quantitative analysis of coastline change in the yellow river delta from 1959 to 2002[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2015,46(3):585-594.
[12]张怡.近40年来珠江口海岸线变迁[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2014.Zhang Yi.Analyzing shoreline changes of the Pearl River Estuary based on remote sensing in recent forty years[D].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Normal University,2014.
[13]杜培培,吴晓青,都晓岩,等.莱州湾海域空间开发利用现状评价[J].海洋通报,2017,36(1):19-26.DU Peipei,WU Xiaoqing,DU Xiaoyan,et al.Situation evaluation on the marine spatial development and utilization in the Laizhou Bay[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2017,36(1):19-26.
[14]于杰,杜飞燕.陈宝国,等.基于遥感技术的大亚湾海岸线的变迁研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2009,24(4):514-516.Yu Jie,Du Feiyan,Chen Baoguo,et al.Research on coastline change of Daya Bay using remote sensing technology[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2009,24(4):514-516.
[15]侯西勇,侯婉,毋亭.20世纪40年代初以来中国大陆沿海主要海湾形态变化[J].地理学报,2016,71(1):118-129.Hou Xiyong,Hou Wan,Wu Ting.Shape changes of major gulfs along the mainland of China since the early 1940s[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(1):118-129.
[16]张霞,庄智,张旭凯,等.秦皇岛海岸线遥感提取及变化监测[J].遥感技术与应用,2014,29(4):625-630.Zhang Xia,Zhuang Zhi,Zhang Xukai,et al.Coastline extraction and change monitoring by remote sensing technology in Qinhuangdao City[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2014,29(4):625-630.
[17]邸向红,王周龙,王庆,等.土地利用变化对芝罘岛沙坝附近海岸带的影响[J].海洋科学,2011,35(8):76-82.DI Xianghong,Wang Zhoulong,Wang Qing,et al.Effects of land use on the development of coastal zone near the Zhifu Island tombolo[J].Marine Sciences,2011,35(8):76-82.
[18]宫立新,金秉福,李建英.近20年来烟台典型地区海湾海岸线的变化[J].海洋科学,2008,32(11):64-68.Gong Lixin,Jin Bingfu,Li Jianying.The changing of typical bay coastline in Yantai in recent 20 years[J].Marine Sciences,2008,32(11):64-68.
[19]Oyedotun T D T.Shoreline geometry:DSAS as a tool for historical trend analysis[J].Geomorphological Techniques,2014,3(2.2):1-12.
[20]高义,王辉,苏奋振,等.中国大陆海岸线近30a的时空变化分析[J].海洋学报,2013,25(6):31-42.Gao Yi,Wang Hui,Su Fenzhen,et al.The analysis of spatial and temperal changes of the continental coastline of China in recent three decades[J].Acta Oceanologic Sinica,2013,25(6):31-42.
[21]Fletcher C,Rooney J,Barbee M,et al.Mapping shoreline change using digital orthophotogrammetry on Maui,Hawaii[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2003,38:106-124.
[22]毋亭,侯西勇.海岸线变化研究综述[J].生态学报,2016,36(4):1170-1182.Wu Ting,Hou Xiyong.Review of research on coastline changes[J].Actc Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(4):1170-1182.
[23]付元宾,曹可,王飞,等.围填海强度与潜力定量评价方法初探[J].海洋开发与管理,2010,27(1):27-30.FU Yuanbin,Cao Ke,Wang Fei,et al.Study on the quantitative assessment method of coastal reclamation intensity and development potential[J].Ocean Development and Management,2010,27(1):27-30.