基于MCD45A1的我国大陆地区草地火时空格局分析
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摘要
基于2001—2016年我国大陆地区中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)遥感影像数据,运用R和ArcGIS软件以及Mann-Kandell显著性检验、核密度和随机森林等方法分析草地火时空分布及影响因素。研究结果显示,我国大陆地区草地火时空分布不均衡,东北区域火集中在黑龙江省西部、东部区域和吉林省西部区域;华北区域火集中在内蒙古与黑龙江省、吉林省交汇处,河北省、山西省与内蒙古交汇区域火密度较大;西北区域火集中在新疆西北部、中部区域及甘肃省中部区域;西南区域火集中在甘肃省、青海省、四川省和西藏交汇区域以及云南省少部区域;16年火次数和面积分别是2.32×10~4次和2.57×10~6 hm~2,各区域火次数和面积差异明显,华北、西北、东北、西南、华中、华东和华南等区域火次数占总次数比例分别为41.08%、21.81%、19.82%、16.29%、0.44%、0.36%和0.20%,火面积比例分别是52.14%、18.51%、15.80%、13.19%、0.14%、0.11%和0.11%;年变化表明华北区域草地火灾面积呈增长趋势,西北、东北、西南和华中等区域呈降低趋势而华南区域呈显著降低趋势;华北、西北和东北区域草地火次数呈增长趋势,西南华东和华南呈降低趋势,华中呈显著降低趋势;月变化表明草地火的月际变化不均匀,火比率呈双峰分布,北方区域草地火多集中在3—5月和8—10月,南方华中区域草地火多集中在8—10月,华南集中在1—3月。此外草地火受海拔和坡向影响明显,海拔在1 000 m和2 000 m、阳坡和半阳坡区域是草地火频发区。通过对我国大陆地区草地火时空特征分析研究,为深入探究草地火污染排放和损失评估提供科学依据,为各级政府和相关部门制定防火政策提供理论和数据支持。
引文
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[24]李兴华. 内蒙古东北部森林草原火灾规律及预警研究[D]. 北京:中国农业科学院,2007.
[25]周怀林,王玉辉,周广胜. 内蒙古草原火的时空动态特征研究[J]. 草业学报,2016,25(4):16-25.
[26]峰芝. 近30年内蒙古牧区草原火时空演化特征分析[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2015.
[27]丽娜,包玉龙,银山,等. 中蒙边境地区草原火时空分布特征分析[J]. 灾害学,2016,31(3):207-210.
[28]曹国良,张小曳,郑方成,等. 中国大陆草原火灾排放的颗粒物及其它污染物量的估算[C]//大气气溶胶科学技术研究进展——第八届全国气溶胶会议暨第二届海峡两岸气溶胶科技研讨会文集. 北京:中国颗粒学会,2005.
[29]Amraoui M,Pereira M G,Dacamara C C,et al. Atmospheric conditions associated with extreme fire activity in the Western Mediterranean region[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2015,524/525:32-39.
[30]Zhou X C,Wang X Q. Validate and improvement on arithmetic of identifying forest fire based on EOS-MODIS data[J]. Remote Sensing Technology & Application,2006,21(3):206-211.
[31]靳全锋,马祥庆,王文辉,等. 华东地区2000—2014年间秸秆燃烧排放PM2.5时空动态变化[J]. 环境科学学报,2017,37(2):460-468.
[32]Jin Q,Ma X,Wang G,et al. Dynamics of major air pollutants from crop residue burning in mainland China,2000-2014[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2017,70(8):190-205.
[33]Breiman L. Random forests[J]. Machine Learning,2001,45(1):5-32.
[34]刘兴朋,张继权,范久波. 基于历史资料的中国北方草原火灾风险评价[J]. 自然灾害学报,2007,16(1):61-65.
[35]张正祥. 基于地理信息系统和遥感的草地火状况研究[D]. 长春:东北师范大学,2010.
[36]Zhang Z X,Zhang H Y,Zhou D W. Using GIS spatial analysis and logistic regression to predict the probabilities of human-caused grassland fires[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2010,74(3):386-393.
[37]梁慧玲,郭福涛,王文辉,等. 小兴安岭伊春地区林火发生自然影响因子及其影响力[J]. 东北林业大学学报,2015,43(12):29-35.
[38]黄宝华. 基于MCD45山东植被燃烧时空分布分析[J]. 消防科学与技术,2016,35(2):286-290.刘博,雒沛文,齐永波,等. 氨基酸增效磷肥对黄褐土磷有效性的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学,2019,47(4):269-272.
[2]Permadi D A,Oanh N T K. Assessment of biomass open burning emissions in Indonesia and potential climate forcing impact[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2013,78(3):250-258.
[3]Torlak G,Sevkli M,Sanal M,et al. Analyzing business competition by using fuzzy TOPSIS method:an example of Turkish domestic airline industry[J]. Expert Systems with Applications An International Journal,2011,38(4):3396-3406.
[4]Van G R,Randerson J T,Giglio L,et al. Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation,savanna,forest,agricultural,and peat fires (1997—2009)[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(23):11707-11735.
[5]Van G R,Randerson J T,Giglio L,et al. Interannual variability of global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions,2006,6(2):3175-3226.
[6]Bale?entien. Fuzzy TOPSIS applied for evaluation of mitigation strategies for greenhouse gas emissions from abandoned grassland[J]. 2012,75(3):242-249.
[7]Levine J. Influence of biomass burning emissions on precipitation chemistry in the equatorial forests of Africa[M]// Global biomass burning:atmospheric,climatic,and biospheric implications. Boston:MIT Press,1991.
[8]靳全锋,马祥庆,王文辉,等. 中国亚热带地区2000—2014年林火排放颗粒物时空动态变化[J]. 环境科学学报,2017,37(6):2238-2247.
[9]Blake N J,Blake D R,Sive B C,et al. Biomass burning emissions and vertical distribution of atmospheric methyl halides and other reduced carbon gases in the South Atlantic region[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1996,101(19):24151-24164.
[10]Neto T G S,Carvalho J A,Veras C A G,et al. Biomass consumption and CO2,CO and main hydrocarbon gas emissions in an Amazonian forest clearing fire[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(2):438-446.
[11]Yokelson R J,Goode J G,Ward D E,et al. Emissions of formaldehyde,acetic acid,methanol,and other trace gases from biomass fires in North Carolina measured by airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1999,104(23):30109-30125.
[12]Chuvieco E,Aguado I,Yebra M,et al. Development of a framework for fire risk assessment using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies[J]. Ecological Modelling,2010,221(1):46-58.
[13]傅泽强,杨友孝,戴尔阜. 内蒙古干草原火动态及火险气候区划研究[J]. 中国农业资源与区划,2001,22(6):18-22.
[14]刘兴朋,张继权,周道玮. 中国草原火灾风险动态分布特征及管理对策研究[J]. 中国草地学报,2006,28(6):77-82.
[15]张继权,张会,佟志军,等. 中国北方草原火灾灾情评价及等级划分[J]. 草业学报,2007,16(6):121-128.
[16]Guo F T,Wang G Y,Su Z W,et al. What drives forest fire in Fujian,China? Evidence from logistic regression and random forests[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire,2016,25(5),505-519.
[17]宫大鹏,李炳怡,刘晓东. 草原火烧严重度燃烧指数的适用性比较分析[J]. 生态学报,2018(7):1-7.
[18]靳全锋,鞠园华,杨夏捷,等. 2005—2014年内蒙古草地火灾排放污染物的时空格局[J]. 草业学报,2017,26(2):21-29.
[19]张正祥,张洪岩,李冬雪,等. 呼伦贝尔草原人为火空间分布格局[J]. 生态学报,2013,33(7):2023-2031.
[20]曲炤鹏,郑淑霞,白永飞. 蒙古高原草原火行为的时空格局与影响因子[J]. 应用生态学报,2010,21(4):807-813.
[21]陈世荣. 草原火灾遥感监测与预警方法研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院研究生院,2006.
[22]乌云德吉. 基于GIS的草原火遥感监测与火险评估[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2014.
[23]都瓦拉. 内蒙古草原火灾监测预警及评价研究[D]. 北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[24]李兴华. 内蒙古东北部森林草原火灾规律及预警研究[D]. 北京:中国农业科学院,2007.
[25]周怀林,王玉辉,周广胜. 内蒙古草原火的时空动态特征研究[J]. 草业学报,2016,25(4):16-25.
[26]峰芝. 近30年内蒙古牧区草原火时空演化特征分析[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2015.
[27]丽娜,包玉龙,银山,等. 中蒙边境地区草原火时空分布特征分析[J]. 灾害学,2016,31(3):207-210.
[28]曹国良,张小曳,郑方成,等. 中国大陆草原火灾排放的颗粒物及其它污染物量的估算[C]//大气气溶胶科学技术研究进展——第八届全国气溶胶会议暨第二届海峡两岸气溶胶科技研讨会文集. 北京:中国颗粒学会,2005.
[29]Amraoui M,Pereira M G,Dacamara C C,et al. Atmospheric conditions associated with extreme fire activity in the Western Mediterranean region[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2015,524/525:32-39.
[30]Zhou X C,Wang X Q. Validate and improvement on arithmetic of identifying forest fire based on EOS-MODIS data[J]. Remote Sensing Technology & Application,2006,21(3):206-211.
[31]靳全锋,马祥庆,王文辉,等. 华东地区2000—2014年间秸秆燃烧排放PM2.5时空动态变化[J]. 环境科学学报,2017,37(2):460-468.
[32]Jin Q,Ma X,Wang G,et al. Dynamics of major air pollutants from crop residue burning in mainland China,2000-2014[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2017,70(8):190-205.
[33]Breiman L. Random forests[J]. Machine Learning,2001,45(1):5-32.
[34]刘兴朋,张继权,范久波. 基于历史资料的中国北方草原火灾风险评价[J]. 自然灾害学报,2007,16(1):61-65.
[35]张正祥. 基于地理信息系统和遥感的草地火状况研究[D]. 长春:东北师范大学,2010.
[36]Zhang Z X,Zhang H Y,Zhou D W. Using GIS spatial analysis and logistic regression to predict the probabilities of human-caused grassland fires[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2010,74(3):386-393.
[37]梁慧玲,郭福涛,王文辉,等. 小兴安岭伊春地区林火发生自然影响因子及其影响力[J]. 东北林业大学学报,2015,43(12):29-35.
[38]黄宝华. 基于MCD45山东植被燃烧时空分布分析[J]. 消防科学与技术,2016,35(2):286-290.刘博,雒沛文,齐永波,等. 氨基酸增效磷肥对黄褐土磷有效性的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学,2019,47(4):269-272.