四川盆地元坝气田发现与理论技术
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摘要
针对四川盆地元坝超深层大气田勘探开发难点,研究超深层生物礁优质储集层发育与成藏富集机理,创立超深层地震勘探、钻完井及测试等技术。通过对晚二叠世等斜缓坡—镶边台地动态沉积演化过程及区域沉积格架的恢复,建立四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组"早滩晚礁、多期叠置、成排成带"的沉积模式,揭示"早期暴露溶蚀、浅埋白云石化形成基质孔隙、液态烃深埋裂解超压造缝"的储集层发育机理,提出"孔缝耦合"控制超深层优质储集层发育的认识。通过油源对比,提出深水陆棚相吴家坪组—大隆组是四川盆地北部地区二叠系主力烃源岩,建立超深层弱变形区"三微输导、近源富集、持续保存"的成藏模式。运用"孔缝双元结构模型"的孔隙结构参数进行地震反演,落实元坝气田高产富集带面积98.5 km~2。创建特种井身结构、发展非常规井身结构,解决多压力系统复杂地层封隔难题,研发出整体式耐高压FF级采气井口及地面安全联动装置。
To solve the difficulties in exploration and development in Yuanba Great Ultra-deep Gas Feild in Sichuan Basin, SW China, the article studies the mechanism of development of quality reef reservoirs gas accumulation and innovates techniques for ultra-deep seismic exploration, drilling, completion and testing. Through the dynamic depositional evolution process of homoclinal ramp-fringed platform and reconstruction of regional depositional framework in the Permian, it is found that the reservoirs in the Changxing Formation of Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin are developed in a pattern of "early shoal and late reef, multiple stage stacking, in rows and belts", dissolution in early exposure stage and dolomitization during shallow burial give rise to the pores in matrix, overpressure caused by cracking of liquid hydrocarbon during deep burial induces fractures, and coupling of pores and fractures controls the development of ultra-deep high quality reservoirs. From correlation of oil and source rock, it is concluded that the Wujiaping Formation and Dalong Formation of deep-water continental shelf are the major source rocks in the Permian of northern Sichuan Basin. The hydrocarbon accumulation mode in ultra-deep formations of low-deformation zones is characterized by "three-micro migration, near-source enrichment, and persistent preservation". Through seismic inversion using the pore structure parameters of pore-fracture dual structure model, the high production gas enrichment area in Yuanba gas field is 98.5 km~2. Moreover, special well structure and unconventional well structure were used to deal with multiple pressure systems and sealing of complex formations. A kind of integral, high pressure resistant FF-level gas wellhead and ground safety linkage device was developed to accomplish safe and environmentally friendly gas production.
To solve the difficulties in exploration and development in Yuanba Great Ultra-deep Gas Feild in Sichuan Basin, SW China, the article studies the mechanism of development of quality reef reservoirs gas accumulation and innovates techniques for ultra-deep seismic exploration, drilling, completion and testing. Through the dynamic depositional evolution process of homoclinal ramp-fringed platform and reconstruction of regional depositional framework in the Permian, it is found that the reservoirs in the Changxing Formation of Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin are developed in a pattern of "early shoal and late reef, multiple stage stacking, in rows and belts", dissolution in early exposure stage and dolomitization during shallow burial give rise to the pores in matrix, overpressure caused by cracking of liquid hydrocarbon during deep burial induces fractures, and coupling of pores and fractures controls the development of ultra-deep high quality reservoirs. From correlation of oil and source rock, it is concluded that the Wujiaping Formation and Dalong Formation of deep-water continental shelf are the major source rocks in the Permian of northern Sichuan Basin. The hydrocarbon accumulation mode in ultra-deep formations of low-deformation zones is characterized by "three-micro migration, near-source enrichment, and persistent preservation". Through seismic inversion using the pore structure parameters of pore-fracture dual structure model, the high production gas enrichment area in Yuanba gas field is 98.5 km~2. Moreover, special well structure and unconventional well structure were used to deal with multiple pressure systems and sealing of complex formations. A kind of integral, high pressure resistant FF-level gas wellhead and ground safety linkage device was developed to accomplish safe and environmentally friendly gas production.
引文
[1]李宏涛,龙胜祥,游瑜春,等.元坝气田长兴组生物礁层序沉积及其对储层发育的控制[J].天然气工业,2015,35(10):744-755.LI Hongtao,LONG Shengxiang,YOU Yuchun,et al.Sequence and sedimentary characteristics of Changxing Formation organic reefs in the Yuanba Gasfield and their controlling effects on reservoir development in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(10):744-755.
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[6]张博全,关振良,潘琳.鄂尔多斯盆地碳酸盐岩的压实作用[J].地球科学,1995,20(3):299-305.ZHANG Boquan,GUAN Zhenliang,PAN Lin.Compaction of carbonate rocks in Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science,1995,20(3):299-305.
[7]赵文光,郭彤楼,蔡忠贤,等.川东北地区二叠系长兴组生物礁类型及控制因素[J].现代地质,2010,24(5):951-956.ZHAO Wenguang,GUO Tonglou,CAI Zhongxian,et al.The controlling factors and types of carbonate reef of Permian Changxing Formation in Northeast of Sichuan Basin[J].Geoscience,2010,24(5):951-956.
[8]黄仁春.四川盆地二叠纪—三叠纪开江—梁平陆棚形成演化与礁滩发育[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,41(4):452-457.HUANG Renchun.Formation and evolution of Permian-Triassic Kaijiang-Liangping shelf and development of reef-shoal reservoirs in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2014,41(4):452-457.
[9]郭彤楼.元坝气田长兴组储层特征与形成主控因素研究[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2381-2391.GUO Tonglou.Reservoir characteristics and its controlling factors of the Changxing Formation reservoir in the Yuanba Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(8):2381-2391.
[10]段金宝,彭劲.四川盆地东北部元坝地区长兴组层序-沉积相特征[J].石油天然气学报,2014,36(7):32-36.DUAN Jinbao,PENG Jin.Sequence-sedimentary characteristics of Changxing Formation in Yuanba Area of Northeast of Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2014,36(7):32-36.
[11]马永生,蔡勋育,赵培荣,等.深层超深层碳酸盐岩优质储层发育机理和“三元控储”模式:以四川普光气田为例[J].地质学报,2010,84(8):1087-1094.MA Yongsheng,CAI Xunyu,ZHAO Peirong,et al.Formation mechanism of deep-buried carbonate reservoir and its model of three-element controlling reservoir:A case study from the Puguang Oilfield in Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(8):1087-1094.
[12]胡东风.普光气田与元坝气田礁滩储层特征的差异性及其成因[J].天然气工业,2011,31(10):17-21.HU Dongfeng.Differences in reef-bank reservoir features between Puguang and Yuanba gas fields and their reasons[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(10):17-21.
[13]段金宝,季春辉,张学丰.川东北地区二叠-三叠系深层礁滩储层发育机理[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(4):423-430.DUAN Jinbao,JI Chunhui,ZHANG Xuefeng.Development mechanism of reef reservoir of the Permain and Triassic strata in northern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2016,43(4):423-430.
[14]孟万斌,武恒志,李国蓉,等.川北元坝地区长兴组白云石化作用机制及其对储层形成的影响[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):699-708.MENG Wanbin,WU Hengzhi,LI Guorong,et al.Dolomitization mechanisms and influence on reservoir development in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation in Yuanba area,northern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):699-708.
[15]段金宝,李平平,陈丹,等.元坝气田长兴组礁滩相岩性气藏形成与演化[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(3):43-47.DUAN Jinbao,LI Pingping,CHEN Dan,et al.Formation and evolution of the reef flat facies lithologic gas reservoir of Changxing Formation in Yuanba Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(3):43-47.
[16]李平平,郭旭升,郝芳,等.四川盆地元坝气田长兴组古油藏的定量恢复及油源分析[J].地球科学,2016,41(3):452-462.LI Pingping,GUO Xusheng,HAO Fang,et al.Paleo-oil-reservoirs reconstruction and oil correlation of Changxing Formation in the Yuanba Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science,2016,41(3):452-462.
[17]朱扬明,王积宝,郝芳,等.川东宣汉地区天然气地球化学特征及成因[J].地质科学,2008,43(3):518-532.ZHU Yangming,WANG Jibao,HAO Fang,et al.Geochemical characteristics and origin of natural gases from Xuanhan area,eastern Sichuan[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2008,43(3):518-532.
[18]王良军,邹华耀,段金宝.元坝气田油气输导体系及其对成藏的控制作用[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(5):40-44.WANG Liangjun,ZOU Huayao,DUAN Jinbao.Study of carrier system and its control on hydrocarbon reservoirs,Yuanba gasfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(5):40-44.
[19]BARKER C.Collated volume and pressure changes during the thermal cracking of oil to gas in reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(8):1254-1261.
[20]张汉荣,孙跃峰,窦齐丰,等.孔隙结构参数在普光气田的初步应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(6):877-882.ZHANG Hanrong,SUN Yuefeng,DOU Qifeng,et al.Preliminary application of the frame flexibility factor in Puguang gas field[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2012,33(6):877-882.
[21]SUN Y F,GOLDBERG D.Estimation of aspect-ratio changes with pressure from seismic velocities[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,1997,122(1):131-139.
[22]XU S,PAYNE M A.Modeling elastic properties in carbonate rocks[J].Leading Edge,2009,28(1):66-74.
[23]尹正武.四川盆地元坝气田超深层礁滩气藏储层气水识别技术[J].天然气工业,2014,34(5):66-71.YIN Zhengwu.Gas-water identification technologies for ultra deep reef reservoirs in the Yuanba Gas Filed,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(5):66-71.
[2]马永生,蔡勋育,赵培荣.元坝气田长兴组—飞仙关组礁滩相储层特征和形成机理[J].石油学报,2014,35(6):1001-1011.MA Yongsheng,CAI Xunyu,ZHAO Peirong.Characteristics and formation mechanisms of reef-shoal carbonate reservoirs of Changxing-Feixianguan formations,Yuanba gas field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(6):1001-1011.
[3]郭旭升,黄仁春,付孝悦,等.四川盆地二叠系和三叠系礁滩天然气富集规律与勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):295-302.GUO Xusheng,HUANG Renchun,FU Xiaoyue,et al.Gas accumulation and exploration direction of the Permian and Triassic reservoirs of reef-bank facies in Sichuan Basin[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2014,35(3):295-302.
[4]何治亮,金晓辉,沃玉进,等.中国海相超深层碳酸盐岩油气成藏特点及勘探领域[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(1):3-14.HE Zhiliang,JIN Xiaohui,WO Yujin,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and exploration domains of ultra-deep marine carbonates in China[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(1):3-14.
[5]郭旭升,郭彤楼,黄仁春,等.中国海相油气田勘探实例之十六:四川盆地元坝大气田的发现与勘探[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(4):57-64.GUO Xusheng,GUO Tonglou,HUANG Renchun,et al.Cases of discovery and exploration of marine fields in China(Part 16):Yuanba Gas Field in Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(4):57-64.
[6]张博全,关振良,潘琳.鄂尔多斯盆地碳酸盐岩的压实作用[J].地球科学,1995,20(3):299-305.ZHANG Boquan,GUAN Zhenliang,PAN Lin.Compaction of carbonate rocks in Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science,1995,20(3):299-305.
[7]赵文光,郭彤楼,蔡忠贤,等.川东北地区二叠系长兴组生物礁类型及控制因素[J].现代地质,2010,24(5):951-956.ZHAO Wenguang,GUO Tonglou,CAI Zhongxian,et al.The controlling factors and types of carbonate reef of Permian Changxing Formation in Northeast of Sichuan Basin[J].Geoscience,2010,24(5):951-956.
[8]黄仁春.四川盆地二叠纪—三叠纪开江—梁平陆棚形成演化与礁滩发育[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,41(4):452-457.HUANG Renchun.Formation and evolution of Permian-Triassic Kaijiang-Liangping shelf and development of reef-shoal reservoirs in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2014,41(4):452-457.
[9]郭彤楼.元坝气田长兴组储层特征与形成主控因素研究[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2381-2391.GUO Tonglou.Reservoir characteristics and its controlling factors of the Changxing Formation reservoir in the Yuanba Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(8):2381-2391.
[10]段金宝,彭劲.四川盆地东北部元坝地区长兴组层序-沉积相特征[J].石油天然气学报,2014,36(7):32-36.DUAN Jinbao,PENG Jin.Sequence-sedimentary characteristics of Changxing Formation in Yuanba Area of Northeast of Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2014,36(7):32-36.
[11]马永生,蔡勋育,赵培荣,等.深层超深层碳酸盐岩优质储层发育机理和“三元控储”模式:以四川普光气田为例[J].地质学报,2010,84(8):1087-1094.MA Yongsheng,CAI Xunyu,ZHAO Peirong,et al.Formation mechanism of deep-buried carbonate reservoir and its model of three-element controlling reservoir:A case study from the Puguang Oilfield in Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(8):1087-1094.
[12]胡东风.普光气田与元坝气田礁滩储层特征的差异性及其成因[J].天然气工业,2011,31(10):17-21.HU Dongfeng.Differences in reef-bank reservoir features between Puguang and Yuanba gas fields and their reasons[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(10):17-21.
[13]段金宝,季春辉,张学丰.川东北地区二叠-三叠系深层礁滩储层发育机理[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(4):423-430.DUAN Jinbao,JI Chunhui,ZHANG Xuefeng.Development mechanism of reef reservoir of the Permain and Triassic strata in northern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2016,43(4):423-430.
[14]孟万斌,武恒志,李国蓉,等.川北元坝地区长兴组白云石化作用机制及其对储层形成的影响[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):699-708.MENG Wanbin,WU Hengzhi,LI Guorong,et al.Dolomitization mechanisms and influence on reservoir development in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation in Yuanba area,northern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):699-708.
[15]段金宝,李平平,陈丹,等.元坝气田长兴组礁滩相岩性气藏形成与演化[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(3):43-47.DUAN Jinbao,LI Pingping,CHEN Dan,et al.Formation and evolution of the reef flat facies lithologic gas reservoir of Changxing Formation in Yuanba Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(3):43-47.
[16]李平平,郭旭升,郝芳,等.四川盆地元坝气田长兴组古油藏的定量恢复及油源分析[J].地球科学,2016,41(3):452-462.LI Pingping,GUO Xusheng,HAO Fang,et al.Paleo-oil-reservoirs reconstruction and oil correlation of Changxing Formation in the Yuanba Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science,2016,41(3):452-462.
[17]朱扬明,王积宝,郝芳,等.川东宣汉地区天然气地球化学特征及成因[J].地质科学,2008,43(3):518-532.ZHU Yangming,WANG Jibao,HAO Fang,et al.Geochemical characteristics and origin of natural gases from Xuanhan area,eastern Sichuan[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2008,43(3):518-532.
[18]王良军,邹华耀,段金宝.元坝气田油气输导体系及其对成藏的控制作用[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(5):40-44.WANG Liangjun,ZOU Huayao,DUAN Jinbao.Study of carrier system and its control on hydrocarbon reservoirs,Yuanba gasfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(5):40-44.
[19]BARKER C.Collated volume and pressure changes during the thermal cracking of oil to gas in reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(8):1254-1261.
[20]张汉荣,孙跃峰,窦齐丰,等.孔隙结构参数在普光气田的初步应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(6):877-882.ZHANG Hanrong,SUN Yuefeng,DOU Qifeng,et al.Preliminary application of the frame flexibility factor in Puguang gas field[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2012,33(6):877-882.
[21]SUN Y F,GOLDBERG D.Estimation of aspect-ratio changes with pressure from seismic velocities[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,1997,122(1):131-139.
[22]XU S,PAYNE M A.Modeling elastic properties in carbonate rocks[J].Leading Edge,2009,28(1):66-74.
[23]尹正武.四川盆地元坝气田超深层礁滩气藏储层气水识别技术[J].天然气工业,2014,34(5):66-71.YIN Zhengwu.Gas-water identification technologies for ultra deep reef reservoirs in the Yuanba Gas Filed,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(5):66-71.