从《郑伯克段于鄢》看《左传》的仁学史观与叙事策略
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摘要
《左传》研究中,对传文《郑伯克段于鄢》中郑庄公的道德动机——"郑志"的分析歧意纷见。借助先秦考古成果与儒家仁学思想,该研究揭示了《左传》撰者深刻的仁学体验以及大胆取舍、以仁学情感作为历史叙事与历史评价圭臬的仁学史观。在仁学"中庸"方法下,《左传》撰者对郑庄公给以"同情的理解",形成了奇诡而庄严的叙事风格,并内在地化解了郑庄公人物形象解读的分歧矛盾。
There are many differences in opinion on the study of the true intention of the earl of Zheng kingdom. With the aid of recent archaeological achievements and the Confucian humanity theory, this study draws the following conclusions: the writer of Zuo Zhuan had rich experiences and deep comprehensions of the Confucian humanity theory, he expressed his view of history by two ways, one way was making his choices independent basing on the historical truth, on the other hand, moral sentiments worked as a theory golden criterion when the writer recorded and analyzed the historical events about the earl of Zheng kingdom. Under the Confucian mean ideal, the writer showed perceptive feelings and sympathetic understanding to the historical figures. This experience shaped the narration style of combining oddities with solemnity, and resolved conflicts and differences about the earl of Zheng logically.
There are many differences in opinion on the study of the true intention of the earl of Zheng kingdom. With the aid of recent archaeological achievements and the Confucian humanity theory, this study draws the following conclusions: the writer of Zuo Zhuan had rich experiences and deep comprehensions of the Confucian humanity theory, he expressed his view of history by two ways, one way was making his choices independent basing on the historical truth, on the other hand, moral sentiments worked as a theory golden criterion when the writer recorded and analyzed the historical events about the earl of Zheng kingdom. Under the Confucian mean ideal, the writer showed perceptive feelings and sympathetic understanding to the historical figures. This experience shaped the narration style of combining oddities with solemnity, and resolved conflicts and differences about the earl of Zheng logically.
引文
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[3]杨伯峻.春秋左传注[M].北京:中华书局,2009.
[4]杨伯峻.论语译注[M].北京:中华书局,1980.
[5]朱熹.四书集注·中庸章句[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2001:39.
[6]赵伯雄.春秋左传史话[M].北京:国家图书馆出版社,2016.
[7]史继东.《左传》文学研究[M].北京:人民日报出版社,2016.
[8]晁福林.谈清华简《郑武夫人规孺子》的史料价值[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,32(3):125-130,201.
[9]代生.新出土文献中郑庄公的“弱者”形象[N].中国社会科学报,2017-09-05(4).
[10]杨金波.《左传》事始:以“初”为核心[J].北方论丛,2017(4):47-53.
[11]林云铭.古文析义合编卷一[M].台北:广文书局,1981:17.
[12]苏轼.苏轼文集:卷三[M].孔凡礼,点校.北京:中华书局,1986.
[13]李惠仪.《左传》的书写与解读[M].文韬,许明德,译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2016.
[2]王靖宇.中国早期叙事文学研究[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2003:36.
[3]杨伯峻.春秋左传注[M].北京:中华书局,2009.
[4]杨伯峻.论语译注[M].北京:中华书局,1980.
[5]朱熹.四书集注·中庸章句[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2001:39.
[6]赵伯雄.春秋左传史话[M].北京:国家图书馆出版社,2016.
[7]史继东.《左传》文学研究[M].北京:人民日报出版社,2016.
[8]晁福林.谈清华简《郑武夫人规孺子》的史料价值[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,32(3):125-130,201.
[9]代生.新出土文献中郑庄公的“弱者”形象[N].中国社会科学报,2017-09-05(4).
[10]杨金波.《左传》事始:以“初”为核心[J].北方论丛,2017(4):47-53.
[11]林云铭.古文析义合编卷一[M].台北:广文书局,1981:17.
[12]苏轼.苏轼文集:卷三[M].孔凡礼,点校.北京:中华书局,1986.
[13]李惠仪.《左传》的书写与解读[M].文韬,许明德,译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2016.