鄱阳湖区堤防植物多样性特征与土壤种子库密度的关系
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摘要
以鄱阳湖区重点堤防作为研究对象,采用线路踏查、样方调查和种子萌发相结合的方法,研究不同加固土料堤防地上植物多样性特征与土壤种子库密度的关系。结果表明:湖区重点堤防高等植物共计106种,隶属于38科,89属,以草本植物为主,禾本科、菊科和大戟科为优势科;不同加固土料堤防植物多样性指数与土壤种子库密度以水稻土最高,其次是建筑垃圾,山地黏土最低;不同植草模式下0~10 cm土层的土壤种子库密度以自然修复模式最大,其次是假俭草植草模式,以狗牙根植草模式最小;土壤种子库密度与地上植物种数、Simpson指数、Shannonweiner指数和Pielou群落均匀度指数呈显著正相关,与地上植被密度、重要值呈极显著正相关,但与Margalef丰富度指数无显著相关性。因此,堤防土壤种子库密度与地上植物多样性特征之间具有较强的相互作用关系,研究成果对于鄱阳湖区重点堤防的除险加固与管理维护具有重要意义。
With major dikes in Poyang Lakeside as a case study,aboveground vegetation was investigated by means of route surveying and quadrate method in different typical dikes. Soil seed banks were investigated with quadrate method on dikes where aboveground vegetation was sampled,and germination method was used to identify density of seed banks. Our objective was to determine the characteristics of aboveground vegetation and their relationships with soil seed banks. The results showed that the aboveground vegetation was composed of 106 species in 89 genera of 36 families in the study area. The main families are Gramineae,Compositae and Euphorbiaceae. The species life of aboveground vegetation is mainly composed of herbaceous species. Moreover,plant diversity and soil bank density followed the order of paddy soil>construction trash>mountain clay. The soil seed bank density of planting grass pattern at 0 ~ 10 cm depth was significantly less than that of natural recovery mode,which had the greater aboveground plant diversity. Soil seed density was significantly(P<0.05) correlated with the ground vegetation species,Simpson index,Shannon-weiner index and Pielou evenness index,and also significantly(P < 0.01) correlated with the ground vegetation density and importance value,while had no significant correlation with Margalef abundance index. Therefore,there were mutual impacts between aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank density in different typical dikes. The relationships have played a key role in strengthening and eliminating dangers of embankment engineering.
With major dikes in Poyang Lakeside as a case study,aboveground vegetation was investigated by means of route surveying and quadrate method in different typical dikes. Soil seed banks were investigated with quadrate method on dikes where aboveground vegetation was sampled,and germination method was used to identify density of seed banks. Our objective was to determine the characteristics of aboveground vegetation and their relationships with soil seed banks. The results showed that the aboveground vegetation was composed of 106 species in 89 genera of 36 families in the study area. The main families are Gramineae,Compositae and Euphorbiaceae. The species life of aboveground vegetation is mainly composed of herbaceous species. Moreover,plant diversity and soil bank density followed the order of paddy soil>construction trash>mountain clay. The soil seed bank density of planting grass pattern at 0 ~ 10 cm depth was significantly less than that of natural recovery mode,which had the greater aboveground plant diversity. Soil seed density was significantly(P<0.05) correlated with the ground vegetation species,Simpson index,Shannon-weiner index and Pielou evenness index,and also significantly(P < 0.01) correlated with the ground vegetation density and importance value,while had no significant correlation with Margalef abundance index. Therefore,there were mutual impacts between aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank density in different typical dikes. The relationships have played a key role in strengthening and eliminating dangers of embankment engineering.
引文
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[14]HUGHES F K,YOUNG T P.The Soil Seed Bank and Its Relationship to the Aboveground Vegetation in Deciduous Forests in New York City[J].Urban Ecosystems,1998,2(1):43-59.
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[16]林圣玉,敖跃飞,张龙,等.赣抚大堤护坡草坪杂草调查及化学防除研究[J].中国水土保持,2014,(4):50-53.
[17]李阳兵,魏朝富,李先源,等.土地利用方式对岩溶山地土壤种子库的影响[J].山地学报,2002,20(3):319-324.
[18]李生,张守攻,姚小华,等.黔中石漠化地区不同土地利用方式对土壤环境的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(3):384-389.
[19]王晓荣,程瑞梅,肖文发,等.三峡库区消落带水淹初期地上植被与土壤种子库的关系[J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5821-5831.
[20]赵丽娅,李锋瑞,王先之.草地沙化过程地上植被与土壤种子库变化特征[J].生态学报,2003,23(9):1745-1756.
[21]LUO H,WANG K Q.Soil Seed Bank and Aboveground Vegetation in Jinshajiang Hot-Dry River Valley Hillslope Vegetation Restoration Site[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(8):2432-2442.
[22]THOMPSON K,GRIME J P.Seasonal Variation in the Seed Banks of Herbaceous Species in Ten Contrasting Habitats[J].Journal of Ecology,1979,67(3):893-921.
[23]刘庆艳,王国栋,姜明,等.三江平原沟渠土壤种子库特征及其与地上植被的关系[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(1):17-26.
[2]陈小华,李小平.河道生态护坡关键技术及其生态功能[J].生态学报,2007,27(3):1168-1176.
[3]QU X M,SHU J L,WU F P.Integration and Demonstration of Sand Dikes Ecological Protection Technology[C]∥Geosynthetics in Civil and Environmental Engineering,Geosynthetics Asia 2008 Proceedings of the 4th Asian Regional Conference on Geosynthetics.Shanghai,China.June 17-20,2008:811-814.
[4]高强,颜学恭.假俭草生态学特性及在水利工程中的应用研究[J].长江科学院院报,2010,27(11):86-88.
[5]贾金生,侯瑜京,崔亦昊,等.中国的堤防除险加固技术[J].中国水利,2005,(22):13-16.
[6]SIMPSON R L,LERCK M A,PARKER V T.Ecology of Soil Seed Banks[M].New York:Academic Press,1989.
[7]王国栋,MIDDLETON B A,吕宪国,等.农田开垦对三江平原湿地土壤种子库影响及湿地恢复潜力[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):205-213.
[8]刘瑞雪,詹娟,史志华,等.丹江口水库消落带土壤种子库与地上植被和环境的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(3):801-808.
[9]TERARAI F,GAERTNER M,JACOBS S M,et al.Resilience of Invaded Riparian Landscapes:The Potential Role of Soil-stored Seed Banks[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,55(1):86-99.
[10]吴兴征,赵进勇.堤防结构风险分析理论及其应用[J].水利学报,2003,(8):79-85.
[11]朱建强,欧光华,言鸽.长江中下游堤防渗流侵蚀机理及其治理[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(5):6-9.
[12]胡韬,李青云,介玉新,等.长江堤防工程安全性综合评价系统开发[J].长江科学院院报,2004,21(3):36-40.
[13]张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[14]HUGHES F K,YOUNG T P.The Soil Seed Bank and Its Relationship to the Aboveground Vegetation in Deciduous Forests in New York City[J].Urban Ecosystems,1998,2(1):43-59.
[15]SHANG Z H,DENG B,DING L M,et al.The Effects of Three Years of Fencing Enclosure on Soil Seed Banks and Relationship with Above-ground Vegetation of Degraded Alpine Grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Plant and Soil,2013,364(1):229-244.
[16]林圣玉,敖跃飞,张龙,等.赣抚大堤护坡草坪杂草调查及化学防除研究[J].中国水土保持,2014,(4):50-53.
[17]李阳兵,魏朝富,李先源,等.土地利用方式对岩溶山地土壤种子库的影响[J].山地学报,2002,20(3):319-324.
[18]李生,张守攻,姚小华,等.黔中石漠化地区不同土地利用方式对土壤环境的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(3):384-389.
[19]王晓荣,程瑞梅,肖文发,等.三峡库区消落带水淹初期地上植被与土壤种子库的关系[J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5821-5831.
[20]赵丽娅,李锋瑞,王先之.草地沙化过程地上植被与土壤种子库变化特征[J].生态学报,2003,23(9):1745-1756.
[21]LUO H,WANG K Q.Soil Seed Bank and Aboveground Vegetation in Jinshajiang Hot-Dry River Valley Hillslope Vegetation Restoration Site[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(8):2432-2442.
[22]THOMPSON K,GRIME J P.Seasonal Variation in the Seed Banks of Herbaceous Species in Ten Contrasting Habitats[J].Journal of Ecology,1979,67(3):893-921.
[23]刘庆艳,王国栋,姜明,等.三江平原沟渠土壤种子库特征及其与地上植被的关系[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(1):17-26.