含光伏的低压配电网分布式储能多目标优化配置与运行
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摘要
分布式光伏出力的随机波动使得其接入的低压配电网(LVDN)的运行状态变化频繁,分布式储能(DES)能够平抑功率波动,是维持含光伏的LVDN安全经济运行的有效手段。首先根据对节点电压允许偏移的要求,提出了一种确定整个LVDN所需分布式储能的总额定功率和总额定电量的方法;在此基础上建立LVDN中DES优化配置与运行模型,以LVDN有功损耗最小和上级电网负荷率最大为目标,考虑了DES安装节点的总数限制,并以保证LVDN和DES安全运行等为约束条件。为减少模型求解的难度,采用上级电网注入LVDN总有功的方差代替负荷率来反映注入功率的波动程度,并以变形的s型函数近似逼近约束条件中不连续的符号函数。采用规格化法平面约束法和内点法求解得到多目标优化问题的均匀分布的Pareto最优解集,并从Pareto前沿曲线中选出两个目标都较优的折中最优解作为DES优化配置与运行方案。以某个实际LVDN为例验证了该方法的正确有效性,计算结果表明DES能够有效减少LVDN的网损,提高上级电网负荷率。
The random fluctuation of the distributed photovoltaic output makes the operating state of the low-voltage distribution network(LVDN) changes frequently. The distributed energy storage(DES) can stabilize power fluctuation, which is an effective means to maintain safe and economical operation of LVDN with photovoltaic. Based on the voltage deviation in LVDN, this paper proposes a method to determine the total rated power and rated capacity of DES. Based on this, a DES optimal configuration and operation model in LVDN is constructed. In the model, objective is to minimize total power loss and maximize the upper power grid load rate. Its constraints include various constraints for the secure operation of LVDN and DES, as well as the total number of DES installation nodes. In order to reduce the difficulty of solving the model, this paper uses the variance of the upper grid power to replace the load rate. A deformed s-function is also used to approximate symbolic function to smooth non-differentiable function in the model. The normalized normal constraint combined with interior point algorithm is used to solve the model to get the evenly distributed Pareto optimal solution set of multi-objective optimization problem. And the compromise optimal solution with both goals is determined from the Pareto front curve as DES optimization configuration and operation scheme. Finally, a practical LVDN is taken as an example to verify the correctness and validity of the method. The simulation results show that the DES can effectively reduce the network loss and increase the load rate of the upper power grid.
The random fluctuation of the distributed photovoltaic output makes the operating state of the low-voltage distribution network(LVDN) changes frequently. The distributed energy storage(DES) can stabilize power fluctuation, which is an effective means to maintain safe and economical operation of LVDN with photovoltaic. Based on the voltage deviation in LVDN, this paper proposes a method to determine the total rated power and rated capacity of DES. Based on this, a DES optimal configuration and operation model in LVDN is constructed. In the model, objective is to minimize total power loss and maximize the upper power grid load rate. Its constraints include various constraints for the secure operation of LVDN and DES, as well as the total number of DES installation nodes. In order to reduce the difficulty of solving the model, this paper uses the variance of the upper grid power to replace the load rate. A deformed s-function is also used to approximate symbolic function to smooth non-differentiable function in the model. The normalized normal constraint combined with interior point algorithm is used to solve the model to get the evenly distributed Pareto optimal solution set of multi-objective optimization problem. And the compromise optimal solution with both goals is determined from the Pareto front curve as DES optimization configuration and operation scheme. Finally, a practical LVDN is taken as an example to verify the correctness and validity of the method. The simulation results show that the DES can effectively reduce the network loss and increase the load rate of the upper power grid.
引文
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[15] 朱泽锋,赵晋泉,魏文辉,等(Zhu Zefeng,Zhao Jinquan,Wei Wenhui,et al.).主动配电网中电池储能系统最优充放电策略(Optimal charging and discharging scheme of battery energy storage system in active distribution network)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2016,40(20):47-54.
[16] Xu N Z, Ding M, Chung C Y. Control strategies of BESS for compensating renewable energy fluctuations[A]. 2012 9th IET International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management[C]. 2012. 1-5.
[17] 彭寒梅,曹一家,黄小庆(Peng Hanmei, Cao Yijia, Huang Xiaoqing).基于BFGS信赖域算法的孤岛微电网潮流计算(Power flow calculation of islanded microgrids based on BFGS trust region method)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2014,34(16):2629-2638.
[18] 王锡凡,方万良,杜正春(Wang Xifan, Fang Wanliang, Du Zhengchun). 现代电力系统分析(Modern Power System Analysis)[M]. 北京:科学出版社(Beijing: Science Press),2003.
[19] Messac A, Ismail-Yahaya A, Mattson C A. The normalized normal constraint method for generating the Pareto frontier[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2003, 25(2):86-98.
[20] 欧阳森,石怡理(Ouyang Sen,Shi Yili).改进熵权法及其在电能质量评估中的应用(A new improved entropy method and its application in power quality evaluation)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2013,37(21):156-159.
[2] 宁光涛,谢海鹏,别朝红,等(Ning Guangtao,Xie Haipeng,Bie Zhaohong,et al.).海南电网分布式光伏消纳能力评估(Evaluation of distributed photovoltaic integration capacity of Hainan power grid)[J].南方电网技术(Southern Power System Technology),2015,9 (5):59-65.
[3] 张海鹏,林舜江,刘明波 (Zhang Haipeng,Lin Shunjiang,Liu Mingbo).考虑光伏不确定性的低压配电网分散无功补偿鲁棒优化配置(Robust optimal allocation of reactive power compensation in low voltage distribution networks considering uncertainty of photovoltaic generation)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2016,40(12):3880-3887.
[4] 骆妮,李建林(Luo Ni,Li Jianlin).储能技术在电力系统中的研究进展(Research progress of energy storage technology in power system)[J].电网与清洁能源(Power System and Clean Energy),2012,28(2):71-79.
[5] 李文超,童亦斌,张维戈 (Li Wenchao,Tong Yibin,Zhang Weige).计及电池使用寿命的电动汽车充电站储能容量配置方法 (Energy storage capacity allocation method of electric vehicle charging station considering battery life)[J].电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy),2018, DOI:10.12067/ATEEE1806055.
[6] Zhang Jingjing, Zhang Jing, Du Lie,et al.Optimal battery capacity configuration for micro-grid economic planning[A]. 2014 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution[C]. 2014. 1266-1269.
[7] 桑丙玉,王德顺,杨波,等(Sang Bingyu, Wang Deshun, Yang Bo, et al.).平滑新能源输出波动的储能优化配置方法(Optimal allocation of energy storage system for smoothing the output fluctuations of new energy)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2014,33(22):3700-3706.
[8] 吴玮坪,胡泽春,宋永华(Wu Weiping, Hu Zechun, Song Yonghua).结合随机规划和序贯蒙特卡洛模拟的风电场储能优化配置方法(Optimal sizing of energy storage system for wind farms combining stochastic programming and sequential Monte Carlo simulation)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2018,42(4):1055-1062.
[9] 吴杰,温晨阳,李珊,等(Wu Jie, Wen Chenyang, Li Shan, et al.).基于分时电价的光伏-储能系统容量优化配置(Optimal allocation of PV and accumulator system based on time-of-use price)[J].电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy),2018,37(1):23-30.
[10] Lei Jiazhi, Gong Qingwu. Operating strategy and optimal allocation of large-scale VRB energy storage system in active distribution networks for solar/wind power applications[J]. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2017, 11(9):2403-2411.
[11] 尤毅,刘东,钟清,等(You Yi, Liu Dong, Zhong Qing, et al.).主动配电网储能系统的多目标优化配置(Multi-objective optimal placement of energy storage systems in an active distribution network)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2014,38(18):46-52.
[12] 吴小刚,刘宗歧,田立亭,等(Wu Xiaogang,Liu Zongqi,Tian Liting,et al.).基于改进多目标粒子群算法的配电网储能选址定容(Energy storage device locating and sizing for distribution network based on improved multi-objective particle swarm optimizer)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2014,38(12):3405-3411.
[13] Giannitrapani A, Paoletti S, Vicino A, et al. Optimal allocation of energy storage systems for voltage control in LV distribution networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2017, 8(6): 2859-2870.
[14] 章美丹,宋晓喆,辛焕海,等(Zhang Meidan,Song Xiaozhe,Xin Huanhai,et al.).计及网损的配电网电池储能站优化运行策略(Optimal operation strategy of battery energy storage system in distribution networks with consideration of power losses)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2013,37(8):2123-2128.
[15] 朱泽锋,赵晋泉,魏文辉,等(Zhu Zefeng,Zhao Jinquan,Wei Wenhui,et al.).主动配电网中电池储能系统最优充放电策略(Optimal charging and discharging scheme of battery energy storage system in active distribution network)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2016,40(20):47-54.
[16] Xu N Z, Ding M, Chung C Y. Control strategies of BESS for compensating renewable energy fluctuations[A]. 2012 9th IET International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management[C]. 2012. 1-5.
[17] 彭寒梅,曹一家,黄小庆(Peng Hanmei, Cao Yijia, Huang Xiaoqing).基于BFGS信赖域算法的孤岛微电网潮流计算(Power flow calculation of islanded microgrids based on BFGS trust region method)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2014,34(16):2629-2638.
[18] 王锡凡,方万良,杜正春(Wang Xifan, Fang Wanliang, Du Zhengchun). 现代电力系统分析(Modern Power System Analysis)[M]. 北京:科学出版社(Beijing: Science Press),2003.
[19] Messac A, Ismail-Yahaya A, Mattson C A. The normalized normal constraint method for generating the Pareto frontier[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2003, 25(2):86-98.
[20] 欧阳森,石怡理(Ouyang Sen,Shi Yili).改进熵权法及其在电能质量评估中的应用(A new improved entropy method and its application in power quality evaluation)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2013,37(21):156-159.