中国渔业科研机构科技资源结构与配置效率研究
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摘要
渔业科研机构科技资源结构与配置效率对促进渔业科技创新具有重要作用。分析了中国渔业科研机构科技资源结构,并采用Malmquist指数法对2009—2016年中国渔业科技资源配置效率进行了测算。结果表明,2009—2016年渔业科技资源配置效率平均每年降低2. 7%,分析认为导致渔业科技资源配置效率下降的原因是技术进步率下降。为促进中国渔业科技资源配置效率提升,建议培养渔业科技创新人才,重点倾向于应用研究的人才培养;根据国家目标需求和产业发展方向,调整学科方向;关注市场需求,提高渔业科技成果转化率。
In order to explore the problems of the structure and allocation efficiency of scientific and technological resources in China's fishery scientific research institutions,by analyzing the structure of fishery science and technology resources,this paper puts forward the evaluation index system of the efficiency of fishery science and technology resources allocation,and then uses the Malmquist index method to calculate the layout data during 2009—2016,finally obtains the technical efficiency,technological progress and total factor productivity of the allocation of fishery science and technology resources. The results showed that the innovation efficiency of fishery science and technology was reduced by 2. 7% annually on average,and the decline of technological innovation efficiency was due to the decline of technological progress. Policy recommendations were made such as cultivating talents of fishery science and technology innovation,focusing on the cultivation of applied research talents,gradually forming diversified investment channels,and the investment inclined to improve the independent innovation capability of fishery science and technology. We should improve the innovation system,effectively integrate fishery science and technology resources,and form the innovative combined force of cooperation among industry,academia and research.
In order to explore the problems of the structure and allocation efficiency of scientific and technological resources in China's fishery scientific research institutions,by analyzing the structure of fishery science and technology resources,this paper puts forward the evaluation index system of the efficiency of fishery science and technology resources allocation,and then uses the Malmquist index method to calculate the layout data during 2009—2016,finally obtains the technical efficiency,technological progress and total factor productivity of the allocation of fishery science and technology resources. The results showed that the innovation efficiency of fishery science and technology was reduced by 2. 7% annually on average,and the decline of technological innovation efficiency was due to the decline of technological progress. Policy recommendations were made such as cultivating talents of fishery science and technology innovation,focusing on the cultivation of applied research talents,gradually forming diversified investment channels,and the investment inclined to improve the independent innovation capability of fishery science and technology. We should improve the innovation system,effectively integrate fishery science and technology resources,and form the innovative combined force of cooperation among industry,academia and research.
引文
[1]农业部渔业渔政管理局.中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017.
[2]赵蕾,杨子江.我国渔业科技资源优化配置路径探讨[J].中国渔业经济,2007(5):37-41.
[3]陈汝佳,王鹏,许红,等.水产技术推广资源配置效率及其区域差异分析[J].水产学杂志,2017(5):57-62.
[4]国家统计局社会科技和文化产业统计司,科学技术部创新发展司.中国科技统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[5] MALMQUIST S. Index numbers and indifference surfaces[J]. Trabajos de Estatistica,1953(4):209-242.
[6] COELLI T J. A guide to deap version 2.1:A data envelopment analysis(computer)program[R]. Center for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis(CEPA)working papers,1996.
[7]杨传喜,徐顽强.湖北农业科研机构科技资源结构与配置效率研究[J].科研管理,2015(1):377-384.
[8]唐德才,汤杰新,刘昊.基于Malmquist指数的河南省科技资源配置效率研究[J].科技和产业,2016(1):85-90.
[9]张静,张宝文.基于Malmquist指数法的我国农业科技创新效率实证分析[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(7):84-88.
[10]马坤,王贻楠,梁国利.辽宁省科技资源配置效率比较分析——基于Malmquist指数[J].科技管理研究,2013(6):83-86.
[11]杨传喜,徐顽强,孔令孜,等.农业科学院科技资源配置效率研究——基于30个省级农业科学院的面板数据分析[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(1):170-174.
[12]林义征.我国农业经济发展水平及其影响因素实证研究[J].科技和产业,2015,15(1):57-61.
[13]梁俊,龙少波.农业绿色全要素生产率增长及其影响因素[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,14(3):1-12.
[14]张永强,周宁,张晓飞,等.我国农业全要素生产率及其影响因素研究——基于资源环境约束视角[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(6):672-677,720.
[15]戚湧,郭逸.基于SFA方法的科技资源市场配置效率评价[J].科研管理,2015,36(3):84-91.
[16]史安娜,徐巧玲.我国科技资源配置效率的实证分析——基于DEA的超效率CCR模型与Malmquist指数模型[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(1):54-59.
[17] FAN F,DU D B,WANG X Z. The measure and characteri istics of spatial-temperal evoluion of China’s science and technology resource allocation efficiency[J] Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(3):492-508.
[18]范斐,杜德斌,李恒.区域科技资源配置效率及比较优势分析[J].科学学研究,2012,30(8):1198-1205.
[19]农业部.农业部关于印发《“十三五”渔业科技发展规划》的通知[EB/OL].(2017-01-19). http://www. moa.gov. cn/govpublic/YYJ/201701/t20170123_5462599. htm.
[2]赵蕾,杨子江.我国渔业科技资源优化配置路径探讨[J].中国渔业经济,2007(5):37-41.
[3]陈汝佳,王鹏,许红,等.水产技术推广资源配置效率及其区域差异分析[J].水产学杂志,2017(5):57-62.
[4]国家统计局社会科技和文化产业统计司,科学技术部创新发展司.中国科技统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[5] MALMQUIST S. Index numbers and indifference surfaces[J]. Trabajos de Estatistica,1953(4):209-242.
[6] COELLI T J. A guide to deap version 2.1:A data envelopment analysis(computer)program[R]. Center for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis(CEPA)working papers,1996.
[7]杨传喜,徐顽强.湖北农业科研机构科技资源结构与配置效率研究[J].科研管理,2015(1):377-384.
[8]唐德才,汤杰新,刘昊.基于Malmquist指数的河南省科技资源配置效率研究[J].科技和产业,2016(1):85-90.
[9]张静,张宝文.基于Malmquist指数法的我国农业科技创新效率实证分析[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(7):84-88.
[10]马坤,王贻楠,梁国利.辽宁省科技资源配置效率比较分析——基于Malmquist指数[J].科技管理研究,2013(6):83-86.
[11]杨传喜,徐顽强,孔令孜,等.农业科学院科技资源配置效率研究——基于30个省级农业科学院的面板数据分析[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(1):170-174.
[12]林义征.我国农业经济发展水平及其影响因素实证研究[J].科技和产业,2015,15(1):57-61.
[13]梁俊,龙少波.农业绿色全要素生产率增长及其影响因素[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,14(3):1-12.
[14]张永强,周宁,张晓飞,等.我国农业全要素生产率及其影响因素研究——基于资源环境约束视角[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(6):672-677,720.
[15]戚湧,郭逸.基于SFA方法的科技资源市场配置效率评价[J].科研管理,2015,36(3):84-91.
[16]史安娜,徐巧玲.我国科技资源配置效率的实证分析——基于DEA的超效率CCR模型与Malmquist指数模型[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(1):54-59.
[17] FAN F,DU D B,WANG X Z. The measure and characteri istics of spatial-temperal evoluion of China’s science and technology resource allocation efficiency[J] Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(3):492-508.
[18]范斐,杜德斌,李恒.区域科技资源配置效率及比较优势分析[J].科学学研究,2012,30(8):1198-1205.
[19]农业部.农业部关于印发《“十三五”渔业科技发展规划》的通知[EB/OL].(2017-01-19). http://www. moa.gov. cn/govpublic/YYJ/201701/t20170123_5462599. htm.