细粒冲积扇沉积特征研究——以酒西盆地老君庙构造带古近系白杨河组为例
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摘要
利用研究区丰富的岩心、测井及地震资料,分析了玉门油田老君庙构造带古近系白杨河组M及L-M层的沉积特征,确定了沉积相类型,明确了其沉积相分布样式,并在此基础上探讨细粒冲积扇的主控因素。研究表明:研究区目的层发育以砂岩沉积为主的细粒冲积扇沉积,M层自下而上发育扇根和扇中亚相,L-M层发育扇缘亚相,粒径向上变细,整体为一退积型冲积扇。冲积扇在平面上呈伸长扇形,宽度为5~10 km,长为10~15 km,厚度为15~25 m,冲积扇的根部发育下切河道,宽度为2~4 km,受地势的影响,顺物源砂体呈厚度薄、分布范围广的分布特征。细粒冲积扇的形成及沉积特征是气候、物源和古地形等因素共同控制的结果,山间河道出山口后开阔的地势为冲积扇提供了有利的地形,白垩系泥岩和砂岩作为母岩以及山间河道出山口前平缓的地势影响了细粒冲积扇的粒度,同时干热环境加剧了母岩的风化程度,三种因素综合导致研究区形成了细粒冲积扇。
Based on abundant core,logging and seismic data,this paper mainly analyzed the sedimentary types and characteristics of the Paleogene M reservoir in Laojunmiao structural belt,and further discussed the distribution characteristics,as well as their main controlling factors. The result shows that M reservoir develops finegrained alluvial fan,which contains upper fan,mid fan and lower fan deposits,with size-decreasing grains in a complete retrograding sedimentary sequence. The deposit displays fan-shape in plane view and convex-shape in cross section. And an incised valley is developed in the root of fan-shaped deposits. The width of individual fan varies from 5 km to 10 km,with the length from 12 km to 15 km and thickness from 15 m to 25 m. The width of incised valley ranges from 2 km to 4 km,with incised depth from 20 m to 25 m. Sandbodies display thinnerthickness and wider distribution in the longitudinal direction,which is affected by the landform. The formation of the fine-grained alluvial fan in the study area is controlled by three factors,including geomorphology,source rocks and climate. Open topography at the toe of mountain provides an open landform for the generation of alluvial fan,which,together with the fine-grained clastic sediments from the paleo-weathering crust of Cretaceous mudstone and sandstone,are the main factors controlling the generation of the fine-grained alluvial fan. Hot and dry climate intensifies the weathering process of the source rocks.
Based on abundant core,logging and seismic data,this paper mainly analyzed the sedimentary types and characteristics of the Paleogene M reservoir in Laojunmiao structural belt,and further discussed the distribution characteristics,as well as their main controlling factors. The result shows that M reservoir develops finegrained alluvial fan,which contains upper fan,mid fan and lower fan deposits,with size-decreasing grains in a complete retrograding sedimentary sequence. The deposit displays fan-shape in plane view and convex-shape in cross section. And an incised valley is developed in the root of fan-shaped deposits. The width of individual fan varies from 5 km to 10 km,with the length from 12 km to 15 km and thickness from 15 m to 25 m. The width of incised valley ranges from 2 km to 4 km,with incised depth from 20 m to 25 m. Sandbodies display thinnerthickness and wider distribution in the longitudinal direction,which is affected by the landform. The formation of the fine-grained alluvial fan in the study area is controlled by three factors,including geomorphology,source rocks and climate. Open topography at the toe of mountain provides an open landform for the generation of alluvial fan,which,together with the fine-grained clastic sediments from the paleo-weathering crust of Cretaceous mudstone and sandstone,are the main factors controlling the generation of the fine-grained alluvial fan. Hot and dry climate intensifies the weathering process of the source rocks.
引文
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[21]潘良云,曾佐勋,李明杰,等.酒泉中新生代断坳叠合盆地及控油作用[J].地质学报,2012,86(4):535-547.
[22]陆洁民,郭召杰,赵泽辉,等.新生代酒西盆地沉积特征及其与祁连山隆升关系的研究[J].高校地质学报,2004,10(1):50-61.
[23]方世虎,宋岩,赵孟军,等.酒西盆地中新生代碎屑组分特征及指示意义[J].地学前缘,2010,17(5):306-314.
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[25]冉波,李亚林,朱利东,等.青藏高原北缘新生代早期构造运动——来自酒西盆地始新世—渐新世的沉积学约束[J].岩石学报,2013(3):1027-1038.
[26]方小敏,赵志军,李吉均,等.祁连山北缘老君庙背斜晚新生代磁性地层与高原北部隆升[J].中国科学:D辑,2004,34(2):97-106.
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[28]WATERS J V,JONES S J,ARMSTRONG H A.Climatic controls on late Pleistocene alluvial fans,Cyprus[J].Geomorphology,2010,115(3):228-251.
[29]朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M].第4版.北京:石油工业出版社,2008:248-275.
[30]王昌桂.酒西盆地白垩系小型箕状断陷储层特征及评价[R].酒泉:玉门石油管理局,1981.
[31]SALCHER B C,FABER R,FABER M.Climate as main factor controlling the sequence development of two Pleistocene alluvial fans in the Vienna Basin(eastern Austria)—A numerical modelling approach[J].Geomorphology,2010,115(3):215-227.
[2]鲍志东,赵立新,王勇,等.断陷湖盆储集砂体发育的主控因素——以辽河西部凹陷古近系为例[J].现代地质,2009,23(4):676-682.
[3]李鑫,钟大康,李勇,等.库车坳陷新近系库车组冲积扇沉积特征及相模式[J].现代地质,2013,27(3):669-680.
[4]李君,李少华,张敏,等.多种建模方法耦合建立冲积扇三维构型模型:以克拉玛依油田六中东区下克拉玛依组为例[J].现代地质,2013,27(3):662-668.
[5]陈留勤,郭福生,梁伟,等.江西抚崇盆地上白垩统河口组砾石统计特征及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2013,27(3):568-576.
[6]GOLE C V,CHITALE S V.Inland delta building activity of Kosi River[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division,Proceedings of American Society of Civil Engineers,2015,92(2):111-126.
[7]BULL W B.The alluvial-fan environment[J].Progress in Physical Geography,1977,1(2):222-270.
[8]GALLOWAY W E,HOBDAY D K.Terrigenous Clastic Depositional Systems[M].New York:Springer,1983:29-59.
[9]STANISTREET I G,MCCARTHY T S.The Okavango fan and the classification of subaerial fan systems[J].Sedimentary Geology,1993,85(1):115-133.
[10]李新坡.中国北方地区冲积扇地貌发育特征与影响因素分析[D].北京:北京大学,2007.
[11]张纪易.粗碎屑洪积扇的某些沉积特征和微相划分[J].沉积学报,1985,3(3):75-85.
[12]吴胜和,范峥,许长福,等.新疆克拉玛依油田三叠系克下组冲积扇内部构型[J].古地理学报,2012,14(3):331-340.
[13]MORENO C,ROMERO-SEGURA M J.The development of small-scale sandy alluvial fans at the base of a modern coastal cliff:process,observation and implications[J].Geomorphology,1997,18(2):101-118.
[14]CAMOBELL C.Postglacial evolution of a fine-grained alluvial fan in the northern Great Plains,Canada[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1998,139(3):233–249.
[15]莫多闻,朱忠礼,万林义.贺兰山东麓冲积扇发育特征[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),35(6):816-823.
[16]陈宗清,朱国华.西部酒泉盆地第三纪矿物分布规律及沉积源向的研究[R].酒泉:玉门石油管理局,1957.
[17]曹得安,陈溥鹤,谢庆生.酒泉西部酒泉盆地第三系储油层岩相变化及构造研究[R].酒泉:玉门石油管理局,1959.
[18]杨秀森,唐世荣,贡东林.玉门老君庙油田M层低渗透块状砂岩油藏开发沉积相[J].石油勘探与开发,1989(6):64-71.
[19]任明达,徐海鹏,潘懋.模式分析与低渗透块状砂岩油藏开发——玉门老君庙油田M油藏[J].科学通报,1989(10):768-771.
[20]玉门油气区卷编写组.中国油气田开发志:玉门油气区卷[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:20-70.
[21]潘良云,曾佐勋,李明杰,等.酒泉中新生代断坳叠合盆地及控油作用[J].地质学报,2012,86(4):535-547.
[22]陆洁民,郭召杰,赵泽辉,等.新生代酒西盆地沉积特征及其与祁连山隆升关系的研究[J].高校地质学报,2004,10(1):50-61.
[23]方世虎,宋岩,赵孟军,等.酒西盆地中新生代碎屑组分特征及指示意义[J].地学前缘,2010,17(5):306-314.
[24]王崇孝,马国福,周在华.酒泉盆地中、新生代构造演化及沉积充填特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(1):33-36.
[25]冉波,李亚林,朱利东,等.青藏高原北缘新生代早期构造运动——来自酒西盆地始新世—渐新世的沉积学约束[J].岩石学报,2013(3):1027-1038.
[26]方小敏,赵志军,李吉均,等.祁连山北缘老君庙背斜晚新生代磁性地层与高原北部隆升[J].中国科学:D辑,2004,34(2):97-106.
[27]王昌桂,阎德齐,张子彦,等.酒泉盆地第三系[R].酒泉:玉门石油管理局,1990.
[28]WATERS J V,JONES S J,ARMSTRONG H A.Climatic controls on late Pleistocene alluvial fans,Cyprus[J].Geomorphology,2010,115(3):228-251.
[29]朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M].第4版.北京:石油工业出版社,2008:248-275.
[30]王昌桂.酒西盆地白垩系小型箕状断陷储层特征及评价[R].酒泉:玉门石油管理局,1981.
[31]SALCHER B C,FABER R,FABER M.Climate as main factor controlling the sequence development of two Pleistocene alluvial fans in the Vienna Basin(eastern Austria)—A numerical modelling approach[J].Geomorphology,2010,115(3):215-227.