氨氮对墨吉明对虾的急性毒性及对其免疫因子的影响
|
摘要
采用静水毒性试验方法研究氨氮对墨吉明对虾(Fenneropenaeus merguiensis)急性毒性及免疫因子的影响,旨在为墨吉明对虾健康养殖提供理论依据.实验结果表明:在海水温度26℃,盐度22,p H值8.3条件下,氨氮毒性效应与浓度和胁迫时间呈正相关.氨氮对墨吉明对虾24、48、96 h的半致死浓度分别为67.680、62.950、35.310 mg/dm3,安全浓度为3.531 mg/dm3.对应的非离子氨半致死浓度分别为6.230、5.800、3.250 mg/dm3,安全浓度为0.339 mg/dm3.在浓度为35.310 mg/dm3氨氮胁迫下,实验组墨吉明对虾血淋巴蛋白含量显著低于对照组血淋巴蛋白含量(p<0.05),但实验组墨吉明对虾血淋巴中蛋白含量会随氨氮胁迫时间延长有所恢复,96 h蛋白含量升高为(3.78±0.95)mg/cm3.氨氮胁迫下实验组对虾肝胰脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性低于对照组,且差异水平达显著水平(p<0.05),实验组SOD活力随氨氮胁迫时间延长逐渐降低,96 h SOD活力低至(6.74±0.53)U/cm3.相反在氨氮胁迫下实验组溶菌酶活力显著高于对照组溶菌酶活力,且随胁迫时间延长逐渐降低,96 h溶菌酶活力低至(51.53±4.41)U/cm3.表明高氨氮胁迫对墨吉明对虾免疫因子产生重要影响.
Using the biological toxicity method,we studied the acute toxicity of ammonia-N and its effect on the immue parameters of Fenneropenaeus merguiensi,in order to provide the theoretical basis for the Fenneropenaeus merguiensis healthy breeding. The results showed that the toxicity of ammonia-N has a significant positive correlation with stress time and concentration. The 24,48 and 96 h LC50 was 67. 680,62. 950 and 35. 310 mg / dm3,respectively,and the safe concentration reached at 3. 531 mg / dm3. Under the same concentration,24,48 and 96 h LC50 of non-ionic ammonia was 6. 230,5. 800,and 3. 250 mg / dm3,respectively,and the SC was 0. 339 mg /dm3. Under the stress of ammonia-N( 35. 310 mg / dm3),the serum protein content of the shrimp in the treated group was significantly lower than the control group( p < 0. 05). However,the protein content recovered gradually with the stress time prolonged and it reached the maximum( 3. 78 ± 0. 95) mg / cm3 in the group of 96 h. The superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity in the treated group was always lower than control group,as the time went on,it gradually declined to the lowest( 6. 74 ± 0. 53) U / cm3 in the group of 96 h. The activities of lysozyme was higher in the treated group,but with ammonia-N stress time prolonged,lysozyme activity decreased graduated to the lowest( 51. 53 ±4. 41) U / cm3 in 96 hours. Acute toxicity results suggested that the immune parameters could be severely affected by high ammonia-N stress.
Using the biological toxicity method,we studied the acute toxicity of ammonia-N and its effect on the immue parameters of Fenneropenaeus merguiensi,in order to provide the theoretical basis for the Fenneropenaeus merguiensis healthy breeding. The results showed that the toxicity of ammonia-N has a significant positive correlation with stress time and concentration. The 24,48 and 96 h LC50 was 67. 680,62. 950 and 35. 310 mg / dm3,respectively,and the safe concentration reached at 3. 531 mg / dm3. Under the same concentration,24,48 and 96 h LC50 of non-ionic ammonia was 6. 230,5. 800,and 3. 250 mg / dm3,respectively,and the SC was 0. 339 mg /dm3. Under the stress of ammonia-N( 35. 310 mg / dm3),the serum protein content of the shrimp in the treated group was significantly lower than the control group( p < 0. 05). However,the protein content recovered gradually with the stress time prolonged and it reached the maximum( 3. 78 ± 0. 95) mg / cm3 in the group of 96 h. The superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity in the treated group was always lower than control group,as the time went on,it gradually declined to the lowest( 6. 74 ± 0. 53) U / cm3 in the group of 96 h. The activities of lysozyme was higher in the treated group,but with ammonia-N stress time prolonged,lysozyme activity decreased graduated to the lowest( 51. 53 ±4. 41) U / cm3 in 96 hours. Acute toxicity results suggested that the immune parameters could be severely affected by high ammonia-N stress.
引文
[1]冼健安,钱坤,郭慧,等.氨氮对虾类毒性影响的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2014,35(22):52-58.
[2]Liu C H,Chen J C.Effect of ammonia on the immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to Vibrio alginolyticus[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2004,16(3):321-334.
[3]肖克宇.水产动物免疫学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011:106-107.
[4]章跃陵,林智建,李祖江,等.凡纳滨对虾血清中直接与病原菌相结合的主要蛋白的鉴定[J].水产学报,2008,32(1):105-110.
[5]雷质文,黄倢,杨冰,等.感染白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)对虾相关免疫因子的研究[J].中国水产科学,2001,8(4):46-54.
[6]Racotta I S,Hernndez-Herrera R.Metabolic responses of the white shrimp,Penaeus vannamei,to ambient ammonia[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2000,125(4):437-443.
[7]姜令绪,潘鲁青,肖国强.氨氮对凡纳对虾免疫指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2005,11(6):537-541.
[8]Pan C H,Chien Y H,Hunter B.The resistance to ammonia stress of Penaeus monodon Fabricius juvenile fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2003,297(1):107-118.
[9]文国樑,张华军,张家松,等.斑节对虾血淋巴免疫指标变化与其养殖池塘理化因子的关系[J].生态科学,2014,33(1):76-82.
[10]王国江.氨氮和亚硝态氮胁迫对日本沼虾血淋巴的影响[D].保定:河北大学,2008.
[11]蒋琦辰,顾曙余,张文逸,等.氨氮急性胁迫及其毒后恢复对红螯光壳螯虾幼虾相关免疫和代谢指标的影响[J].水产学报,2013,37(7):1 066-1 072.
[12]岳峰,潘鲁青,谢鹏,等.氨氮胁迫对三疣梭子蟹酚氧化酶原系统和免疫指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(4):761-770.
[13]洪美玲,陈立侨,顾顺樟,等.氨氮胁迫对中华绒螯蟹免疫指标及肝胰腺组织结构的影响[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(3):412-418.
[14]麦贤杰,黄伟健,叶富良,等.对虾健康养殖学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2009.
[15]Patil P K,Gopal C,Panigrahi A,et al.Oral administration of formalin killed Vibrio anguillarum cells improves growth and protection against challenge with Vibrio harveyi in banana shrimp[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2014,58(3):213-218.
[16]Qureshi N A,Amanat Z.Reproductive biology and size at sexual maturity of Penaeus merguiensis(De Man,1887)from the Sonmiani Bay Lagoon,Balochistan,Pakistan[J].Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences,2014,24(2):503-511.
[17]Memon A J,Ikhwanuddin M,Talpur A D,et al.Assessment of sperm viability,determination fertilization capacity and hatching rate by artificial insemination of banana shrimp,Penaeus merguiensis(De Man,1888)[J].Research Journal of Applied Sciences,2011,6(3):174-178.
[18]Mane S,Deshmukh V D.Age and growth studies of banana prawn,Penaeus merguiensis de Man from Maharashtra waters[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India,2011,53(2):184-188.
[19]王芸,李健,李吉涛,等.p H胁迫对中国明对虾抗氧化系统酶活力及基因表达的影响[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(3):556-564.
[20]钟振如,李辉权,闽信爱,等.南海北部硇洲岛周围水域中的墨吉对虾资源[J].水产学报,1992,14(4):277-285.
[21]董玉波,王珂,王林同.氨氮对水生生物毒性的研究进展[J].天津水产,2011(Z1):6-11.
[22]孙国铭,汤建华,仲霞铭.氨氮和亚硝酸氮对南美白对虾的毒性研究[J].水产养殖,2002(1):22-24.
[23]李永,杨其彬,苏天凤,等.氨氮对斑节对虾的毒性及免疫指标的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(3):358-362.
[24]梁俊平,李健,李吉涛,等.氨氮对脊尾白虾幼虾和成虾的毒性试验[J].水产科学,2012,31(9):526-529.
[25]李建,姜令绪,王文琪,等.氨氮和硫化氢对日本对虾幼体的毒性影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(1):22-27.
[26]臧维玲,沈林华.亚硝酸盐和氨对罗氏沼虾幼体的毒性[J].上海水产大学学报,1996,5(1):15-22.
[27]Chen J C,Lin C Y.Oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion of Penaeus chinensis juveniles exposed to ambient ammonia at different salinity levels[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Comparative Pharmacology,1992,102(2):287-291.
[28]朱毅菲.不同浓度氨氮,不同低p H突变对克氏原螯虾免疫功能的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.
[29]Chen J C,Cheng S Y,Chen C T.Changes of haemocyanin,protein and free amino acid levels in the haemolymph of Penaeus japonicus exposed to ambient ammonia[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,1994,109(2):339-347.
[30]洪美玲,陈立侨.水中亚硝酸盐和氨氮对中华绒螯蟹幼体的毒性效应及维生素E的营养调节[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007.
[31]芦光宇,刘国兴,李佳佳,等.氨氮对克氏原螯虾抗氧化功能的影响[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(2):129-133.
[32]孙舰军,丁美丽.氨氮对中国对虾抗病力的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1999,30(3):267-272.
[33]Yue F,Pan L,Xie P,et al.Immune responses and expression of immune-related genes in swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus exposed to elevated ambient ammonia-N stress[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2010,157(3):246-251.
[34]陈家长,臧学磊,胡庚东,等.氨氮胁迫下罗非鱼机体免疫力的变化及其对海豚链球菌易感性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(4):629-634.
[2]Liu C H,Chen J C.Effect of ammonia on the immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to Vibrio alginolyticus[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2004,16(3):321-334.
[3]肖克宇.水产动物免疫学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011:106-107.
[4]章跃陵,林智建,李祖江,等.凡纳滨对虾血清中直接与病原菌相结合的主要蛋白的鉴定[J].水产学报,2008,32(1):105-110.
[5]雷质文,黄倢,杨冰,等.感染白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)对虾相关免疫因子的研究[J].中国水产科学,2001,8(4):46-54.
[6]Racotta I S,Hernndez-Herrera R.Metabolic responses of the white shrimp,Penaeus vannamei,to ambient ammonia[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2000,125(4):437-443.
[7]姜令绪,潘鲁青,肖国强.氨氮对凡纳对虾免疫指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2005,11(6):537-541.
[8]Pan C H,Chien Y H,Hunter B.The resistance to ammonia stress of Penaeus monodon Fabricius juvenile fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2003,297(1):107-118.
[9]文国樑,张华军,张家松,等.斑节对虾血淋巴免疫指标变化与其养殖池塘理化因子的关系[J].生态科学,2014,33(1):76-82.
[10]王国江.氨氮和亚硝态氮胁迫对日本沼虾血淋巴的影响[D].保定:河北大学,2008.
[11]蒋琦辰,顾曙余,张文逸,等.氨氮急性胁迫及其毒后恢复对红螯光壳螯虾幼虾相关免疫和代谢指标的影响[J].水产学报,2013,37(7):1 066-1 072.
[12]岳峰,潘鲁青,谢鹏,等.氨氮胁迫对三疣梭子蟹酚氧化酶原系统和免疫指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(4):761-770.
[13]洪美玲,陈立侨,顾顺樟,等.氨氮胁迫对中华绒螯蟹免疫指标及肝胰腺组织结构的影响[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(3):412-418.
[14]麦贤杰,黄伟健,叶富良,等.对虾健康养殖学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2009.
[15]Patil P K,Gopal C,Panigrahi A,et al.Oral administration of formalin killed Vibrio anguillarum cells improves growth and protection against challenge with Vibrio harveyi in banana shrimp[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2014,58(3):213-218.
[16]Qureshi N A,Amanat Z.Reproductive biology and size at sexual maturity of Penaeus merguiensis(De Man,1887)from the Sonmiani Bay Lagoon,Balochistan,Pakistan[J].Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences,2014,24(2):503-511.
[17]Memon A J,Ikhwanuddin M,Talpur A D,et al.Assessment of sperm viability,determination fertilization capacity and hatching rate by artificial insemination of banana shrimp,Penaeus merguiensis(De Man,1888)[J].Research Journal of Applied Sciences,2011,6(3):174-178.
[18]Mane S,Deshmukh V D.Age and growth studies of banana prawn,Penaeus merguiensis de Man from Maharashtra waters[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India,2011,53(2):184-188.
[19]王芸,李健,李吉涛,等.p H胁迫对中国明对虾抗氧化系统酶活力及基因表达的影响[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(3):556-564.
[20]钟振如,李辉权,闽信爱,等.南海北部硇洲岛周围水域中的墨吉对虾资源[J].水产学报,1992,14(4):277-285.
[21]董玉波,王珂,王林同.氨氮对水生生物毒性的研究进展[J].天津水产,2011(Z1):6-11.
[22]孙国铭,汤建华,仲霞铭.氨氮和亚硝酸氮对南美白对虾的毒性研究[J].水产养殖,2002(1):22-24.
[23]李永,杨其彬,苏天凤,等.氨氮对斑节对虾的毒性及免疫指标的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(3):358-362.
[24]梁俊平,李健,李吉涛,等.氨氮对脊尾白虾幼虾和成虾的毒性试验[J].水产科学,2012,31(9):526-529.
[25]李建,姜令绪,王文琪,等.氨氮和硫化氢对日本对虾幼体的毒性影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(1):22-27.
[26]臧维玲,沈林华.亚硝酸盐和氨对罗氏沼虾幼体的毒性[J].上海水产大学学报,1996,5(1):15-22.
[27]Chen J C,Lin C Y.Oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion of Penaeus chinensis juveniles exposed to ambient ammonia at different salinity levels[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Comparative Pharmacology,1992,102(2):287-291.
[28]朱毅菲.不同浓度氨氮,不同低p H突变对克氏原螯虾免疫功能的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.
[29]Chen J C,Cheng S Y,Chen C T.Changes of haemocyanin,protein and free amino acid levels in the haemolymph of Penaeus japonicus exposed to ambient ammonia[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,1994,109(2):339-347.
[30]洪美玲,陈立侨.水中亚硝酸盐和氨氮对中华绒螯蟹幼体的毒性效应及维生素E的营养调节[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007.
[31]芦光宇,刘国兴,李佳佳,等.氨氮对克氏原螯虾抗氧化功能的影响[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(2):129-133.
[32]孙舰军,丁美丽.氨氮对中国对虾抗病力的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1999,30(3):267-272.
[33]Yue F,Pan L,Xie P,et al.Immune responses and expression of immune-related genes in swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus exposed to elevated ambient ammonia-N stress[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2010,157(3):246-251.
[34]陈家长,臧学磊,胡庚东,等.氨氮胁迫下罗非鱼机体免疫力的变化及其对海豚链球菌易感性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(4):629-634.