我国烟田土壤酞酸酯类化合物的质量分数和分布特征
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摘要
为明确烟田土壤酞酸酯类化合物(PAEs)的质量分数和分布特征,分析了东南、西南及黄淮烟区180个烟田土壤样品6种PAEs质量分数及其与土壤pH、有机质质量分数间的关系。结果表明:(1)烟田土壤PAEs总量(ΣPAEs)在0.000 8～8.593 9 mg/kg范围内,平均值为0.407 5 mg/kg,检出率是100%。(2)所测的土壤样品中,除邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)未检出外,其他均有检出;邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DnBP)是土壤中最主要的PAEs,两者之和约占ΣPAEs的90%,其平均质量分数分别为0.217 5、0.179 7 mg/kg。(3)在东南和西南烟区均检出5种PAEs,在黄淮烟区检出3种PAEs;西南烟区土壤ΣPAEs及DEHP的质量分数显著高于其他烟区;黄淮烟区的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)所占百分比较高,而DnBP所占百分比较低,其他几种PAEs所占百分比在烟区间没有差异。(4)烟田土壤中PAEs质量分数与土壤有机质质量分数和pH的相关性在烟区间存在差异,具有不确定性。
To investigate the contents and distribution characteristics of phthalic acid esters(PAEs) in tobacco-growing soils, the contents of 6 PAEs and their relationships with soil pH and organic matter in 180 tobacco-growing soil samples from Southeast, Southwest, and Huanghuai regions were studied. The results showed that: 1) PAEs were detected in all of the soil samples(100%), and the total content of 6 PAEs(ΣPAEs)ranged from 0.000 8 to 8.593 9 mg/kg with an average content of 0.407 5 mg/kg. 2) In the tested 6 PAEs, 5 PAEs, except butyl benzyl phthalate(BBP), were detected in 180 soil samples. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate(DnBP) were the most abundant compounds, accounting for 90% of the Σ PAEs,and their average contents were 0.217 5 and 0.179 7 mg/kg, respectively. 3) 5 PAEs were detected in the samples from Southeast and Southwest regions; 3 PAEs were detected in the samples from Huanghuai region.The contents of Σ PAEs and DEHP in the samples from Southwest region were significantly higher than those from the other regions. In the samples from Huanghuai region, the percentage of dimethyl phthalate(DMP) was higher, while the percentage of DnBP was lower. The percentages of the other PAEs were not different among the regions. 4) The correlations of PAEs contents with pH and organic matter content in tobacco-growing soils among these regions existed differences and uncertainty.
To investigate the contents and distribution characteristics of phthalic acid esters(PAEs) in tobacco-growing soils, the contents of 6 PAEs and their relationships with soil pH and organic matter in 180 tobacco-growing soil samples from Southeast, Southwest, and Huanghuai regions were studied. The results showed that: 1) PAEs were detected in all of the soil samples(100%), and the total content of 6 PAEs(ΣPAEs)ranged from 0.000 8 to 8.593 9 mg/kg with an average content of 0.407 5 mg/kg. 2) In the tested 6 PAEs, 5 PAEs, except butyl benzyl phthalate(BBP), were detected in 180 soil samples. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate(DnBP) were the most abundant compounds, accounting for 90% of the Σ PAEs,and their average contents were 0.217 5 and 0.179 7 mg/kg, respectively. 3) 5 PAEs were detected in the samples from Southeast and Southwest regions; 3 PAEs were detected in the samples from Huanghuai region.The contents of Σ PAEs and DEHP in the samples from Southwest region were significantly higher than those from the other regions. In the samples from Huanghuai region, the percentage of dimethyl phthalate(DMP) was higher, while the percentage of DnBP was lower. The percentages of the other PAEs were not different among the regions. 4) The correlations of PAEs contents with pH and organic matter content in tobacco-growing soils among these regions existed differences and uncertainty.
引文
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[3]赖金龙,陶宗娅,吴国,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对蚕豆胚根细胞微核形成的影响及毒理机制[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(1):107-113.LAI Jinlong,TAO Zongya,WU Guo,et al.Effect of di-n-butyl phthalate on cell micronucleus formation and the mechanism of toxicity in Vicia faba Radicle[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2014,9(1):107-113.
[4]邓家军,张仕祥,张富生,等.烟草幼苗根系分泌自毒物质种类及PAEs对根系抗氧化性能的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):495-504.DENG Jiajun,ZHANG Shixiang,ZHANG Fusheng,et al.Autotoxins exuded from roots and the effects of PAEs on antioxidant capacity in roots of tobacco seedlings[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(2):495-504.
[5]Ema M,Itami T,Kawasaki H.Teratogenic phase specificity of butyl benzyl phthalate in rats[J].Toxicology,1993,79(1):11-19.
[6]王立鑫,杨旭.邻苯二甲酸酯毒性及健康效应研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(3):276-281.WANG Lixin,YANG Xu.Research advance on toxicity and health effect of phthalate:review and perspective[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2010,27(3):276-281.
[7]YE Ting,KANG Mei,HUANG Qiansheng,et al.Exposure to DEHP and MEHP from hatching to adulthood causes reproductive dysfunction and endocrine disruption in marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2014,146:115-126.
[8]SUN Jianteng,PAN Lili,ZHAN Yu,et al.Contamination of phthalate esters,organochlorine pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in agricultural soils from the Yangtze River Delta of China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,544:670-676.
[9]郭冬梅,吴瑛.南疆棉田土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的测定[J].干旱环境监测,2011,25(2):76-79.GUO Dongmei,WU Ying.Determination of phthalic acid esters of soil in south of Xinjiang cotton fields[J].Arid Environmental Monitoring,2011,25(2):76-79.
[10]李永亮.佳木斯市土壤中酞酸酯类污染调查及评价[J].干旱环境监测,2014,28(1):22-24,38.LI Yongliang.Investigation and evaluation on soil pollution for phthalate esters of Jiamusi City[J].Arid Environmental Monitoring,2014,28(1):22-24,38.
[11]鲁磊安,陈学斌,赵海明,等.珠三角地区稻田土壤和谷粒中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的分布特征及人体健康暴露风险[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(7):1242-1248.LU Leian,CHEN Xuebin,ZHAO Haiming,et al.Distribution of phthalic acid esters(PAEs)in paddy soil and grains of rice in the Pearl River Delta region and the health risk assessment[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(7):1242-1248.
[12]王继芳,葛蔚,程洪珍,等.土壤酸碱性和有机质含量对邻苯二甲酸酯纵向迁移的影响[J].青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,33(4):275-281.WANG Jifang,GE Wei,CHENG Hongzhen,et al.Effects of soil pH and content of organic matter on vertical migration of phthalic acid esters[J].Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science),2016,33(4):275-281.
[13]YANG Fen,WANG Meng,WANG Zunyao.Sorption behavior of 17 phthalic acid esters on three soils:effects of pH and dissolved organic matter,sorption coefficient measurement and QSPR study[J].Chemosphere,2013,93(1):82-89.
[14]赵芳妮,田文杰,汪群慧,等.焦化厂污染场地表层土壤有机-矿质复合体中多环芳烃的分布[J].环境化学,2012,31(8):1195-1200.ZHAO Fangni,TIAN Wenjie,WANG Qunhui,et al.Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in organo-mineral aggregates of topsoil from a coking plant contaminated site[J].Environmental Chemistry,2012,31(8):1195-1200.
[15]陈永山,骆永明,章海波,等.设施菜地土壤酞酸酯污染的初步研究[J].土壤学报,2011,48(3):516-523.CHEN Yongshan,LUO Yongming,ZHANG Haibo,et al.Preliminary study on PAEs pollution of greenhouse soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(3):516-523.
[16]李玉双,陈琳,郭倩,等.沈阳市新民设施农业土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1118-1123.LI Yushuang,CHEN Lin,GUO Qian,et al.Pollution characteristics of phthalate esters in greenhouse agricultural soil in Xinmin,Shenyang City[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(6):1118-1123.
[17]郑顺安,薛颖昊,李晓华,等.山东寿光设施菜地土壤-农产品邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染特征调查[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(3):492-499.ZHENG Shunan,XUE Yinghao,LI Xiaohua,et al.Phthalate acid esters(PAEs)pollution in soils and agricultural products of vegetable greenhouses in Shouguang City,Shandong Province[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(3):492-499.
[18]杨国义,张天彬,高淑涛,等.广东省典型区域农业土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯含量的分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(10):2308-2312.YANG Guoyi,ZHANG Tianbin,GAO Shutao,et al.Distribution of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in typical regions of Guangdong Province[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(10):2308-2312.
[19]HE Lizhi,Gielen G,Bolan N S,et al.Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China:a review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2015,35(2):519-534.
[20]张丹,王洪媛,胡万里,等.地膜厚度对作物产量与土壤环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):293-301.ZHANG Dan,WANG Hongyuan,HU Wanli,et al.Effect of film thickness on crop yield and soil environment[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(2):293-301.
[21]WANG Jun,LUO Yongming,TENG Ying,et al.Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,180(3):265-273.
[22]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.LU Rukun.Soil agro-chemical analysis methods[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Science and Technology Press,2000.
[23]CHEN Li,ZHAO Yan,LI Luxi,et al.Exposure assessment of phthalates in non-occupational populations in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,427/428(12):60-69.
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