影响烟草早花因素的研究进展
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摘要
在烟草育种过程中,缩短烟草生长周期并促进烟草早花结实,有利于加快育种改良速率。本研究对影响烟草早花及缩短烟草生长周期的条件的研究进行分析和综述,包括温度、光照、激素、水肥、栽培管理及基因等因素的影响。烟株一般在6～8片真叶期,13℃左右低温诱导15 d以上能促进早花;短日照性烟草品种,缩短日照至6～8 h能促进早花;赤霉素及适当比例(1:1-0.1:1)的生长素和细胞分裂素能促进花芽形成;基因NtFT4在烟草中过表达可促进烟草早花。本研究为加快烟草育种进程中条件的控制提供了有益参考。
In the process of tobacco breeding, shortening the growth cycle of tobacco and promoting the early-flowering seeding can accelerate the rate of breeding improvement. This review analyzed and summarized the researches on the condition affecting tobacco early flowering and shortening the growth cycle of tobacco, including the effects of temperature, light, hormones, water and fertilizer, cultivation management, and genes. Low temperature induction at about 13℃ for more than 15 days could promote early blossoming in the leaf stage of 6～8 leaves generally. Shortening sunlight to 6～8 hours could expedite early flowering for short-day tobacco varieties. Gibberellin and appropriate proportions(1:1-0.1:1) of auxin and cytokinins could motivate flower bud formation. Overexpression of gene NtFT4 in tobacco could accelerate early flowering. This review would provide a useful reference for accelerating the conditions control in tobacco breeding process.
In the process of tobacco breeding, shortening the growth cycle of tobacco and promoting the early-flowering seeding can accelerate the rate of breeding improvement. This review analyzed and summarized the researches on the condition affecting tobacco early flowering and shortening the growth cycle of tobacco, including the effects of temperature, light, hormones, water and fertilizer, cultivation management, and genes. Low temperature induction at about 13℃ for more than 15 days could promote early blossoming in the leaf stage of 6～8 leaves generally. Shortening sunlight to 6～8 hours could expedite early flowering for short-day tobacco varieties. Gibberellin and appropriate proportions(1:1-0.1:1) of auxin and cytokinins could motivate flower bud formation. Overexpression of gene NtFT4 in tobacco could accelerate early flowering. This review would provide a useful reference for accelerating the conditions control in tobacco breeding process.
引文
Bernier G.,1988,The control of floral evocation and morphogenesis,Ann.Rev.Plant Physiol.Plant Mol.Biol.,39(1):175-219
Cao X.Z.,Yan X.F.,and Liu X.L.,1991,Studies on the physiological basis of higher quality and yield cultivation in tobaccoⅠ.Response of tabacco to light and temperature and their characteristics of develepment and growth,Jiangsu Nongxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural College),12(4):27-31(曹显祖,严雪风,刘秀丽,1991,烤烟优质高产栽培的生理基础研究Ⅰ.烟草品种光温反应的发育特性研究,江苏农学院学报,12(4):27-31)
Duan Y.Q.,Jin L.,Yang Y.H.,Huang C.J.,Jin Y.,and Zhou J.H.,2011,Effects of photoperiod on floral bud differentiation and growth of flue-cured tobacco,Zhongguo Nongye Keji Daobao(Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology),13(3):108-112(段玉琪,金磊,杨宇虹,黄成江,晋艳,周冀衡,2011,短日照对烤烟花芽分化及生物学性状的影响,中国农业科技导报,13(3):108-112)
Duan Y.Q.,Yang Y.H.,Jin Y.,and Wang G.X.,2006,Effects of floationg seedings transplanted at different rowing days on growth of tobacco plant,Xinan Nongye Xuebao(Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences),19(S):182-187(段玉琪,杨宇虹,晋艳,王光贤,2006,不同苗龄漂浮苗移栽后对烟株生长的影响,西南农业学报,19(S):182-187)
Eriksson S.,2006,The role of gibberellins in the regulation of Arabidopsis flowering time,Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae,6:93
Fukuda N.,Ajima C.,Yukawa T.,and Olsen J.E.,2015,Antagonistic action of blue and red light on shoot elongation in petunia depends on gibberellin,but the effects on flowering are not generally linked to gibberellin,Environ.Exp.Bot.,121:102-111
Gao C.,Zhou M.H.,Huang L.J.,and Zhou Q.M.,2010,Effects of temperature-light factor on budding time and hormones of tobacco in seedling period,Hunan Nongye Kexue(Hunan Agricultural Sciences),(5):35-37(高川,周明辉,黄丽君,周清明,2010,苗期温光因子对烟草现蕾时间及激素的影响,湖南农业科学,(5):35-37)
Gao Y.L.,Xiao B.G.,and Ralph E.D.,2013,Construction of PVX-FT system that inducing early flowering in tobacco,Zhongguo Yancao Xuebao(Acta Tabacaria Sinica),19(6):102-105(高玉龙,肖炳光,Ralph E.D.,2013,诱导烟草早花的PVX-FT系统的建立,中国烟草学报,19(6):102-105)
Han J.F.,Yue C.P.,Liu H.S.,Yue H.B.,Miao H.M.,and Wang D.Q.,2002,Studies of low-temperature induction on the development of flue-cured tobacco,the influence of low-temperature to the development and plant hormones in the apical budof tobacco at seedling stage,Zhongguo Yancao Xuebao(Acta Tabacaria Sinica),8(1):25-29(韩锦峰,岳彩鹏,刘华山,岳红波,苗红梅,王德勤,2002,烤烟生长发育的低温诱导研究Ⅰ,苗期低温诱导对烤烟顶芽发育及激素含量的影响,中国烟草学报,8(1):25-29)
Han Y.Y.,Ma Y.Q.,Li D.Z.,and Xu Z.Q.,2015,The influences of Arabidopsis Pri-miR156a on flowering time of Nicotiana tabacum,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),34(2):350-356(韩瑶瑶,马燕勤,李典珍,徐子勤,2015,拟南芥Pri-miR156a基因对烟草开花时间的影响,基因组学与应用生物学,34(2):350-356)
Harig L.,Beinecke F.A.,Oltmanns J.,Muth J.,Müller O.,Rüping B.,Twyman R.M.,Fischer R.,Prüfer D.,and Noll G.A.,2012,Proteins from the flowering locus T-like subclade of the PEBP family act antagonistically to regulate floral initiation in tobacco,Plant J.,72(6):908-921
Hu C.H.,2015,Effects of short-day treatment at seeding stage on early flowering and related gene expression in tabacco,Thesis for M.S.,Southwest University,Supervisor:Dai X.M.,pp.5(胡晨浩,2015,苗期短日照对烟草早花效应及相关基因表达的影响,硕士学位论文,西南大学,导师:戴秀梅,pp.5)
Kobayashi Y.,Kaya H.,Goto K.,Iwabuchi M.,and Araki T.,1999,A pair of related genes with antagonistic roles in mediating flowering signals,Science,286(5446):1960-1962
Shi X.D.,Wang L.Z.,Man X.L.,Liu X.Q.,and Wang X.F.,2013,Efects of diferent light qualities on growth and development and photosynthetic physiologica characteristics of fluecured tobacco seedlings in floating system,Zhongguo Yancao Xuebao(Acta Tabacaria Sinica),19(1):43-46(时向东,王林枝,满晓丽,刘喜庆,王旭峰,2013,不同光质对烤烟漂浮育苗中烟苗生长发育及光合特性的影响,中国烟草学报,19(1):43-46)
Sun J.J.,Piao S.L.,and Chen S.,2013,The causes of premature flowering technology research progress of and control tobacco,Yanbian Daxue Nongxue Xuebao(Journal of Agricultural Science Yanbian University),(2):173-178(孙俊佳,朴世领,陈爽,2013,烟草早花发生原因调控技术研究进展,延边大学农学学报,35(2):173-178)
Watson A.,Ghosh S.,Williams M.J.,Cuddy W.S.,Simmonds J.,Rey M.D.,Asyraf Md Hatta M.,Hinchliffe A.,Steed A.,Reynolds D.,Adamski N.,Breakspear A.,Korolev A.,Rayner T.,Dixon L.E.,Riaz A.,Martin W.,Ryan M.,Edwards D.,Batley J.,Raman H.,Rogers C.,Domoney C.,Moore G.,Harwood J.,Nicholson P.,Dieters M.J.,DeLacy L.H.,Zhou J.,Uauy C.,Boden S.A.,Park R.F.,Wulff B.B.H.,and Hickey L.T.,2018,Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding,Nat.Plants,4(1):23-29
Xiang D.E.,Shi P.,Shen G.M.,Liang X.F.,Tan J.,Gao L.,Wang Z.X.,Liu G.L.,and Li M.L.,2011,Effects of transplanting time on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Enshi,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),32(S):57-62(向德恩,时鹏,申国明,梁晓芳,谭军,高林,王正旭,刘光亮,李满良,2011,不同移栽期对恩施烤烟产量和质量的影响,中国烟草科学,32(S):57-62)
Xue C.Q.,Wang J.W.,and Yang L.J.,2014,Efects of supplemental lighting with LED of diferent light quality on light environment and tobacco seedling growth in solar greenhouse,Zhongguo Yancao Xuebao(Acta Tabacaria Sinica),20(2):54-58(薛超群,王建伟,杨立均,2014,不同光质LED补光对日光温室内光环境及烟苗生长的影响,中国烟草学报,20(2):54-58)
Xue P.Z.,Liu T.,Yang Y.,and Hu Y.Q.,2007,The role of abscisic acid in plant flowering,Yunnan Zhiwu Yanjiu(Acta Botanica Yunnanica),29(2):215-222(徐平珍,刘涛,杨莹,胡运乾,2007,脱落酸在植物花发育过程中的作用,云南植物研究,29(2):215-222)
Yan H.H.,and Zhao S.Y.,2001,Influence of main ecological factors on development character of flue-cured tobacco variety,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),22(2):17-20(颜合洪,赵松义,2001,生态因子对烤烟品种发育特性的影响,中国烟草科学,22(2):17-20)
Yang L.,Xu M.,Koo Y.,He J.,and Poethig R.S.,2013,Sugar promotes vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis thaliana by repressing the expression of MIR156A and MIR156C,ELife,2:e00260
Zhou J.H.,Zhuang J.,Lin G.H.,Tong X.H.,and Wang J.,2001,Effect of cutting off seedling's leaves on early flowering control of tobacco,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),22(3):39-42(周冀衡,庄江,林桂华,童旭华,王军,2001,烟草苗期去叶处理对控制早花现象的作用,中国烟草科学,22(3):39-42)
Cao X.Z.,Yan X.F.,and Liu X.L.,1991,Studies on the physiological basis of higher quality and yield cultivation in tobaccoⅠ.Response of tabacco to light and temperature and their characteristics of develepment and growth,Jiangsu Nongxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural College),12(4):27-31(曹显祖,严雪风,刘秀丽,1991,烤烟优质高产栽培的生理基础研究Ⅰ.烟草品种光温反应的发育特性研究,江苏农学院学报,12(4):27-31)
Duan Y.Q.,Jin L.,Yang Y.H.,Huang C.J.,Jin Y.,and Zhou J.H.,2011,Effects of photoperiod on floral bud differentiation and growth of flue-cured tobacco,Zhongguo Nongye Keji Daobao(Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology),13(3):108-112(段玉琪,金磊,杨宇虹,黄成江,晋艳,周冀衡,2011,短日照对烤烟花芽分化及生物学性状的影响,中国农业科技导报,13(3):108-112)
Duan Y.Q.,Yang Y.H.,Jin Y.,and Wang G.X.,2006,Effects of floationg seedings transplanted at different rowing days on growth of tobacco plant,Xinan Nongye Xuebao(Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences),19(S):182-187(段玉琪,杨宇虹,晋艳,王光贤,2006,不同苗龄漂浮苗移栽后对烟株生长的影响,西南农业学报,19(S):182-187)
Eriksson S.,2006,The role of gibberellins in the regulation of Arabidopsis flowering time,Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae,6:93
Fukuda N.,Ajima C.,Yukawa T.,and Olsen J.E.,2015,Antagonistic action of blue and red light on shoot elongation in petunia depends on gibberellin,but the effects on flowering are not generally linked to gibberellin,Environ.Exp.Bot.,121:102-111
Gao C.,Zhou M.H.,Huang L.J.,and Zhou Q.M.,2010,Effects of temperature-light factor on budding time and hormones of tobacco in seedling period,Hunan Nongye Kexue(Hunan Agricultural Sciences),(5):35-37(高川,周明辉,黄丽君,周清明,2010,苗期温光因子对烟草现蕾时间及激素的影响,湖南农业科学,(5):35-37)
Gao Y.L.,Xiao B.G.,and Ralph E.D.,2013,Construction of PVX-FT system that inducing early flowering in tobacco,Zhongguo Yancao Xuebao(Acta Tabacaria Sinica),19(6):102-105(高玉龙,肖炳光,Ralph E.D.,2013,诱导烟草早花的PVX-FT系统的建立,中国烟草学报,19(6):102-105)
Han J.F.,Yue C.P.,Liu H.S.,Yue H.B.,Miao H.M.,and Wang D.Q.,2002,Studies of low-temperature induction on the development of flue-cured tobacco,the influence of low-temperature to the development and plant hormones in the apical budof tobacco at seedling stage,Zhongguo Yancao Xuebao(Acta Tabacaria Sinica),8(1):25-29(韩锦峰,岳彩鹏,刘华山,岳红波,苗红梅,王德勤,2002,烤烟生长发育的低温诱导研究Ⅰ,苗期低温诱导对烤烟顶芽发育及激素含量的影响,中国烟草学报,8(1):25-29)
Han Y.Y.,Ma Y.Q.,Li D.Z.,and Xu Z.Q.,2015,The influences of Arabidopsis Pri-miR156a on flowering time of Nicotiana tabacum,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),34(2):350-356(韩瑶瑶,马燕勤,李典珍,徐子勤,2015,拟南芥Pri-miR156a基因对烟草开花时间的影响,基因组学与应用生物学,34(2):350-356)
Harig L.,Beinecke F.A.,Oltmanns J.,Muth J.,Müller O.,Rüping B.,Twyman R.M.,Fischer R.,Prüfer D.,and Noll G.A.,2012,Proteins from the flowering locus T-like subclade of the PEBP family act antagonistically to regulate floral initiation in tobacco,Plant J.,72(6):908-921
Hu C.H.,2015,Effects of short-day treatment at seeding stage on early flowering and related gene expression in tabacco,Thesis for M.S.,Southwest University,Supervisor:Dai X.M.,pp.5(胡晨浩,2015,苗期短日照对烟草早花效应及相关基因表达的影响,硕士学位论文,西南大学,导师:戴秀梅,pp.5)
Kobayashi Y.,Kaya H.,Goto K.,Iwabuchi M.,and Araki T.,1999,A pair of related genes with antagonistic roles in mediating flowering signals,Science,286(5446):1960-1962
Shi X.D.,Wang L.Z.,Man X.L.,Liu X.Q.,and Wang X.F.,2013,Efects of diferent light qualities on growth and development and photosynthetic physiologica characteristics of fluecured tobacco seedlings in floating system,Zhongguo Yancao Xuebao(Acta Tabacaria Sinica),19(1):43-46(时向东,王林枝,满晓丽,刘喜庆,王旭峰,2013,不同光质对烤烟漂浮育苗中烟苗生长发育及光合特性的影响,中国烟草学报,19(1):43-46)
Sun J.J.,Piao S.L.,and Chen S.,2013,The causes of premature flowering technology research progress of and control tobacco,Yanbian Daxue Nongxue Xuebao(Journal of Agricultural Science Yanbian University),(2):173-178(孙俊佳,朴世领,陈爽,2013,烟草早花发生原因调控技术研究进展,延边大学农学学报,35(2):173-178)
Watson A.,Ghosh S.,Williams M.J.,Cuddy W.S.,Simmonds J.,Rey M.D.,Asyraf Md Hatta M.,Hinchliffe A.,Steed A.,Reynolds D.,Adamski N.,Breakspear A.,Korolev A.,Rayner T.,Dixon L.E.,Riaz A.,Martin W.,Ryan M.,Edwards D.,Batley J.,Raman H.,Rogers C.,Domoney C.,Moore G.,Harwood J.,Nicholson P.,Dieters M.J.,DeLacy L.H.,Zhou J.,Uauy C.,Boden S.A.,Park R.F.,Wulff B.B.H.,and Hickey L.T.,2018,Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding,Nat.Plants,4(1):23-29
Xiang D.E.,Shi P.,Shen G.M.,Liang X.F.,Tan J.,Gao L.,Wang Z.X.,Liu G.L.,and Li M.L.,2011,Effects of transplanting time on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Enshi,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),32(S):57-62(向德恩,时鹏,申国明,梁晓芳,谭军,高林,王正旭,刘光亮,李满良,2011,不同移栽期对恩施烤烟产量和质量的影响,中国烟草科学,32(S):57-62)
Xue C.Q.,Wang J.W.,and Yang L.J.,2014,Efects of supplemental lighting with LED of diferent light quality on light environment and tobacco seedling growth in solar greenhouse,Zhongguo Yancao Xuebao(Acta Tabacaria Sinica),20(2):54-58(薛超群,王建伟,杨立均,2014,不同光质LED补光对日光温室内光环境及烟苗生长的影响,中国烟草学报,20(2):54-58)
Xue P.Z.,Liu T.,Yang Y.,and Hu Y.Q.,2007,The role of abscisic acid in plant flowering,Yunnan Zhiwu Yanjiu(Acta Botanica Yunnanica),29(2):215-222(徐平珍,刘涛,杨莹,胡运乾,2007,脱落酸在植物花发育过程中的作用,云南植物研究,29(2):215-222)
Yan H.H.,and Zhao S.Y.,2001,Influence of main ecological factors on development character of flue-cured tobacco variety,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),22(2):17-20(颜合洪,赵松义,2001,生态因子对烤烟品种发育特性的影响,中国烟草科学,22(2):17-20)
Yang L.,Xu M.,Koo Y.,He J.,and Poethig R.S.,2013,Sugar promotes vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis thaliana by repressing the expression of MIR156A and MIR156C,ELife,2:e00260
Zhou J.H.,Zhuang J.,Lin G.H.,Tong X.H.,and Wang J.,2001,Effect of cutting off seedling's leaves on early flowering control of tobacco,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),22(3):39-42(周冀衡,庄江,林桂华,童旭华,王军,2001,烟草苗期去叶处理对控制早花现象的作用,中国烟草科学,22(3):39-42)