饲粮中添加酵母β-葡聚糖对围产期奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响
|
摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加酵母β-葡聚糖对围产期奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。选择40头体况评分(3.63±0.06)、胎次(2.88±0.05)、上一泌乳期产奶量[(36.86±1.06)kg/d]及预产期[(28±1)d]相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机设计分为对照组和试验组,每组20头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加10 g/(头·d)酵母β-葡聚糖的试验饲粮。试验期49 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加酵母β-葡聚糖显著提高了产后干物质采食量、产奶量及乳蛋白产量(P<0.05),对产后乳中其他乳成分产量和比率没有显著影响(P>0.05);2)饲粮中添加酵母β-葡聚糖显著提高了产后血清葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),显著降低了产后血清非酯化脂肪酸含量(P<0.05),产后血清总蛋白含量有增加趋势(P=0.06),对产前和产后血清中白蛋白、C-反应蛋白、结合珠蛋白和淀粉样蛋白含量没有显著影响(P>0.05);3)饲粮中添加酵母β-葡聚糖显著提高了产前和产后血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05),有降低产前血清丙二醛含量的趋势(P=0.05),对产前和产后血清总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活性没有显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,围产期饲粮中添加10 g/(头·d)酵母β-葡聚糖可提高奶牛的产后干物质采食量、产奶量、乳蛋白产量,提高产后血清葡萄糖含量及血清抗氧化能力,降低产后血清非酯化脂肪酸含量。
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of yeast β-glucan on performance,serum biochemical indices and antioxidant capacity of transition dairy cows. Forty Holstein cows with similar body condition score( 3. 63 ± 0. 06),parity( 2. 88 ± 0. 05),milk yield of the last parity[( 36.86±1.06) kg/d]and expected parturition date [( 28±1) d]were assigned to 2 groups with 20 cows per group in a completely randomized design. Cows in control group were fed a basal diet,and those in experimental group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 10 g/( head·d) yeast β-glucan. The experiment lasted for49 days with a pretrial period of 7 days and a trial period of 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) dietary supplementation of yeast β-glucan significantly improved postpartum dry matter intake,milk yield and milk protein yield( P<0.05),but had no significant effects on yield and percentage of the other milk composition( P> 0. 05); 2) dietary supplementation of yeast β-glucan significantly improved postpartum serum glucose( GLU) content( P<0.05),significantly decreased postpartum serum nonesterified fatty acid( NEFA) content was significantly decreased( P < 0. 05),and tended to increase postpartum serum total protein content( P =0.06),but had no significant effects on prepartum and postpartum serum contents of albumin( ALB),haptoglobin( Hp),C-reactive protein( CRP) and amyloid A( AA)( P > 0. 05); 3) dietary supplementation of yeast β-glucan significantly improved prepartum and postpartum serum glutathione peroxidase activity( P <0.05),and tended to decrease prepartum serum malondialdehyde content( P = 0.05),but had no significant effects on serum total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity( P>0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation of yeast β-glucan can improve postpartum dry matter intake,milk yield,milk protein yield,increase postpartum serum GLU content and antioxidant capacity,decrease postpartum serum NEFA content.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of yeast β-glucan on performance,serum biochemical indices and antioxidant capacity of transition dairy cows. Forty Holstein cows with similar body condition score( 3. 63 ± 0. 06),parity( 2. 88 ± 0. 05),milk yield of the last parity[( 36.86±1.06) kg/d]and expected parturition date [( 28±1) d]were assigned to 2 groups with 20 cows per group in a completely randomized design. Cows in control group were fed a basal diet,and those in experimental group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 10 g/( head·d) yeast β-glucan. The experiment lasted for49 days with a pretrial period of 7 days and a trial period of 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) dietary supplementation of yeast β-glucan significantly improved postpartum dry matter intake,milk yield and milk protein yield( P<0.05),but had no significant effects on yield and percentage of the other milk composition( P> 0. 05); 2) dietary supplementation of yeast β-glucan significantly improved postpartum serum glucose( GLU) content( P<0.05),significantly decreased postpartum serum nonesterified fatty acid( NEFA) content was significantly decreased( P < 0. 05),and tended to increase postpartum serum total protein content( P =0.06),but had no significant effects on prepartum and postpartum serum contents of albumin( ALB),haptoglobin( Hp),C-reactive protein( CRP) and amyloid A( AA)( P > 0. 05); 3) dietary supplementation of yeast β-glucan significantly improved prepartum and postpartum serum glutathione peroxidase activity( P <0.05),and tended to decrease prepartum serum malondialdehyde content( P = 0.05),but had no significant effects on serum total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity( P>0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation of yeast β-glucan can improve postpartum dry matter intake,milk yield,milk protein yield,increase postpartum serum GLU content and antioxidant capacity,decrease postpartum serum NEFA content.
引文
[1]任卫青,周二艳,常瑶瑶,等.奶牛围产期疾病的发病原因及预防措施[J].当代畜牧,2017(12):14-16.
[2]郝宏晓,刘光磊,张佩华.日粮添加硒对围产期奶牛生产性能和氧化应激状态的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(13):40-45,48.
[3]GREENFIELD R B,CECAVA M J,JOHNSON T R,et al.Im pact of dietary protein am ount and rum en undegradability on intake,peripartum liver triglyceride,plasm a m etabolites,and m ilk production in transition dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(4):703-710.
[4]孙虎山,李光友.硒多糖和酵母聚糖对栉孔扇贝血淋巴中二种抗氧化酶活力的影响[J].中国海洋药物,2000,19(5):20-23.
[5]曹俊明,吴春玉,黄燕华,等.β-葡聚糖对花鲈免疫和抗氧化指标的影响[J].水产科学,2015,34(1):1-7.
[6]李永娟,曹俊明,赵红霞,等.β-葡聚糖在水产动物营养生理中的作用研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(21):128-134,143.
[7]GU M,MA H M,MAI K S,et al.Effects of dietaryβ-glucan,m annan oligosaccharide and their com binations on grow th perform ance,im m unity and resistance against Vibrio splendidus of sea cucum ber,Apostichopus japonicus[J].Fish&Shellfish Im m unology,2011,31(2):303-309.
[8]周怿,刁其玉,屠焰,等.酵母β-葡聚糖对早期断奶犊牛胃肠道发育的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(6):846-852.
[9]刘群芳,曹俊明,黄燕华,等.β-葡聚糖与硒、维生素E联合添加对凡纳滨对虾生长、血清免疫和抗氧化指标及抗病力的影响[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(5):997-1006.
[10]DRITZ S S,SHI J,KIELIAN T L,et al.Influence of dietaryβ-glucan on grow th perform ance,nonspecific im m unity,and resistance to Streptococcus suis infection in w eanling pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1995,73(11):3341-3350.
[11]MCKEE C,EICHER S,JOHNSON T.Ascorbic acid and a beta-glucan product from Saccharom yces cerevisiae influence on dairy calf w ell-being[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(Suppl.1):134.
[12]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:56-56,67-78.
[13]潘树德,李学俭,边连全,等.酵母β-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道菌群的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(12):21-23.
[14]SCHOENHERR W D,POLLMANN D S,COALSON J A.Titration of M acro Gard-TM-S on grow th performance of nursery pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1994,72(Suppl.2):57.
[15]魏占虎,李冲,李发弟,等.酵母β-葡聚糖对早期断奶羔羊生产性能和采食行为的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(4):212-219.
[16]王玲,吕永艳,程志伟,等.复合酵母培养物对奶牛产奶性能、氮排放及血液生化指标的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(12):121-130.
[17]MA T,TU Y,ZHANG N F,et al.Effects of dietary yeastβ-glucan on nutrient digestibility and serum profiles in pre-rum inant Holstein calves[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2015,14(4):749-757.
[18]邵伟,赵艳坤,张晓雪,等.微生态制剂对新疆荷斯坦奶牛生产性能和血清生化水平的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(17):47-50.
[19]郭咏梅,闫素梅.非酯化脂肪酸对奶牛氧化应激的诱导作用及其机制[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1469-1474.
[20]EURELL T E,BANE D P,HALL W F,et al.Serum haptoglobin concentration as an indicator of w eight gain in pigs[J].Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research,1992,56(1):6-9.
[21]EBERSOLE J L,CAPPELLI D.Acute-phase reactants in infections and inflam m atory diseases[J].Periodontology,2000,23(1):19-49.
[22]李昊阳,钟荣珍,房义,等.急性期蛋白应用于动物健康检测的研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(15):68-71.
[23]LEI C L,DONG G Z,JIN L,et al.Effects of dietary supplem entation of m ontm orillonite and yeast cell w all on lipopolysaccharide adsorption,nutrient digestibility and grow th perform ance in beef cattle[J].Livestock Science,2013,158(1/2/3):57-63.
[24]唐茂妍,林冬梅.酵母细胞壁多糖在饲料中的应用研究进展[J].饲料与畜牧,2016(3):44-48.
[25]雷金龙,吴树清,王玲玲,等.围产期奶牛血清中GSH-Px、SOD、M DA的比较研究[J].中国奶牛,2008(6):38-43.
[26]程艳.酵母培养物对患隐性乳房炎奶牛免疫、抗氧化功能及生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[27]刘金艳,王瑶,毛俊霞,等.日粮添加β-葡聚糖对仔猪生长性能、肠道发育与免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(11):2197-2205.
[28]段丽娟.β-葡聚糖对早期断奶仔猪生产性能和免疫机能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2006.
[2]郝宏晓,刘光磊,张佩华.日粮添加硒对围产期奶牛生产性能和氧化应激状态的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(13):40-45,48.
[3]GREENFIELD R B,CECAVA M J,JOHNSON T R,et al.Im pact of dietary protein am ount and rum en undegradability on intake,peripartum liver triglyceride,plasm a m etabolites,and m ilk production in transition dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(4):703-710.
[4]孙虎山,李光友.硒多糖和酵母聚糖对栉孔扇贝血淋巴中二种抗氧化酶活力的影响[J].中国海洋药物,2000,19(5):20-23.
[5]曹俊明,吴春玉,黄燕华,等.β-葡聚糖对花鲈免疫和抗氧化指标的影响[J].水产科学,2015,34(1):1-7.
[6]李永娟,曹俊明,赵红霞,等.β-葡聚糖在水产动物营养生理中的作用研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(21):128-134,143.
[7]GU M,MA H M,MAI K S,et al.Effects of dietaryβ-glucan,m annan oligosaccharide and their com binations on grow th perform ance,im m unity and resistance against Vibrio splendidus of sea cucum ber,Apostichopus japonicus[J].Fish&Shellfish Im m unology,2011,31(2):303-309.
[8]周怿,刁其玉,屠焰,等.酵母β-葡聚糖对早期断奶犊牛胃肠道发育的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(6):846-852.
[9]刘群芳,曹俊明,黄燕华,等.β-葡聚糖与硒、维生素E联合添加对凡纳滨对虾生长、血清免疫和抗氧化指标及抗病力的影响[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(5):997-1006.
[10]DRITZ S S,SHI J,KIELIAN T L,et al.Influence of dietaryβ-glucan on grow th perform ance,nonspecific im m unity,and resistance to Streptococcus suis infection in w eanling pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1995,73(11):3341-3350.
[11]MCKEE C,EICHER S,JOHNSON T.Ascorbic acid and a beta-glucan product from Saccharom yces cerevisiae influence on dairy calf w ell-being[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(Suppl.1):134.
[12]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:56-56,67-78.
[13]潘树德,李学俭,边连全,等.酵母β-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道菌群的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(12):21-23.
[14]SCHOENHERR W D,POLLMANN D S,COALSON J A.Titration of M acro Gard-TM-S on grow th performance of nursery pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1994,72(Suppl.2):57.
[15]魏占虎,李冲,李发弟,等.酵母β-葡聚糖对早期断奶羔羊生产性能和采食行为的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(4):212-219.
[16]王玲,吕永艳,程志伟,等.复合酵母培养物对奶牛产奶性能、氮排放及血液生化指标的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(12):121-130.
[17]MA T,TU Y,ZHANG N F,et al.Effects of dietary yeastβ-glucan on nutrient digestibility and serum profiles in pre-rum inant Holstein calves[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2015,14(4):749-757.
[18]邵伟,赵艳坤,张晓雪,等.微生态制剂对新疆荷斯坦奶牛生产性能和血清生化水平的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(17):47-50.
[19]郭咏梅,闫素梅.非酯化脂肪酸对奶牛氧化应激的诱导作用及其机制[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1469-1474.
[20]EURELL T E,BANE D P,HALL W F,et al.Serum haptoglobin concentration as an indicator of w eight gain in pigs[J].Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research,1992,56(1):6-9.
[21]EBERSOLE J L,CAPPELLI D.Acute-phase reactants in infections and inflam m atory diseases[J].Periodontology,2000,23(1):19-49.
[22]李昊阳,钟荣珍,房义,等.急性期蛋白应用于动物健康检测的研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(15):68-71.
[23]LEI C L,DONG G Z,JIN L,et al.Effects of dietary supplem entation of m ontm orillonite and yeast cell w all on lipopolysaccharide adsorption,nutrient digestibility and grow th perform ance in beef cattle[J].Livestock Science,2013,158(1/2/3):57-63.
[24]唐茂妍,林冬梅.酵母细胞壁多糖在饲料中的应用研究进展[J].饲料与畜牧,2016(3):44-48.
[25]雷金龙,吴树清,王玲玲,等.围产期奶牛血清中GSH-Px、SOD、M DA的比较研究[J].中国奶牛,2008(6):38-43.
[26]程艳.酵母培养物对患隐性乳房炎奶牛免疫、抗氧化功能及生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[27]刘金艳,王瑶,毛俊霞,等.日粮添加β-葡聚糖对仔猪生长性能、肠道发育与免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(11):2197-2205.
[28]段丽娟.β-葡聚糖对早期断奶仔猪生产性能和免疫机能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2006.