苗床添加木霉菌肥对2种烟苗生长及抗逆酶活性的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究苗床添加木霉菌肥对烟苗生长和相关抗逆酶活性的影响,以期为木霉菌肥在烤烟上的应用提供理论依据和参考。【方法】采用不同添加量(5%、10%、15%)的木霉菌肥均匀拌入苗床育苗基质的方法,研究不同添加比例对红花大金元和云烟85苗期农艺性状、植株N、P、K吸收量以及幼苗抗逆酶活性的影响。【结果】苗床添加木霉菌肥对2种烟苗的生长和养分吸收表现出明显的促进作用,其株高、茎围、最大叶面积等指标和N、P、K积累量均较对照显著增加。苗床添加木霉菌肥能不同程度提高2种烟苗根系和叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,分别以中浓度(10%)、高浓度(15%)处理提升效果最明显,根系增加幅度普遍大于叶片,红花大金元较云烟85更敏感,中浓度下其根系CAT活性较对照增加188.0%,而云烟85仅提高76.7%。【结论】苗床添加中高浓度(10%～15%)木霉菌肥可提高红花大金元和云烟85幼苗根和叶的CAT、POD活性,促进烟苗生长和养分吸收。
【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis and reference to the application of Trichoderma fertilizer,the study was aimed to reveal the effects of Trichoderma fertilizer used in seedbed on growth and activity of stress resistant enzyme for tobacco seedlings.【Method】This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma with different treatments(5%,10% and 15%) on the activity of stress resistant enzyme,the agronomic characters and the absorption to N/P/K of Honhuadajinyuan and Yunyan 85.【Result】The application of Trichoderma fertilizer promoted obviously the agronomic characters and the absorption to N/P/K of two tobacco seedlings,and plant height,stem circumference,maximum leaf area and other indicators and accumulation of N/P/K were increased significantly. With the addition of Trichoderma fertilizer in seedbed,the activity of CAT and POD in roots and leaves of two tobacco seedlings were improved in different degree,and the treatments with medium concentration(10%) and high concentration(15%) were the most obvious respectively. The increase rate in roots was generally greater than that of the leaves. The Honghuadajinyuan was more sensitive than Yunyan 85,and under the middle concentration(10%) treatment,the CAT activity of root was increased by 188.0% than that of control,while Yunyan 85 only was increased by 76.7%.【Conclusion】The addition of Trichoderma fertilizer in seedbed at medium and high concentrations could significantly increase the CAT and POD activity in roots and leaves of Honghuadajinyuan and Yunyan 85 seedlings and promote growth and nutrient absorption of tobacco seedlings.
【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis and reference to the application of Trichoderma fertilizer,the study was aimed to reveal the effects of Trichoderma fertilizer used in seedbed on growth and activity of stress resistant enzyme for tobacco seedlings.【Method】This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma with different treatments(5%,10% and 15%) on the activity of stress resistant enzyme,the agronomic characters and the absorption to N/P/K of Honhuadajinyuan and Yunyan 85.【Result】The application of Trichoderma fertilizer promoted obviously the agronomic characters and the absorption to N/P/K of two tobacco seedlings,and plant height,stem circumference,maximum leaf area and other indicators and accumulation of N/P/K were increased significantly. With the addition of Trichoderma fertilizer in seedbed,the activity of CAT and POD in roots and leaves of two tobacco seedlings were improved in different degree,and the treatments with medium concentration(10%) and high concentration(15%) were the most obvious respectively. The increase rate in roots was generally greater than that of the leaves. The Honghuadajinyuan was more sensitive than Yunyan 85,and under the middle concentration(10%) treatment,the CAT activity of root was increased by 188.0% than that of control,while Yunyan 85 only was increased by 76.7%.【Conclusion】The addition of Trichoderma fertilizer in seedbed at medium and high concentrations could significantly increase the CAT and POD activity in roots and leaves of Honghuadajinyuan and Yunyan 85 seedlings and promote growth and nutrient absorption of tobacco seedlings.
引文
[1]刘淑宇,陈发河,于新,等.绿色木霉菌发酵液对芒果采后炭疽病的抑制作用及保鲜效果[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013, 41(4):133-138.
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[4]张瑾,张树武,徐秉良,等.长枝木霉菌抑菌谱测定及其抑菌作用机理研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2014, 22(6):661-667.
[5]陈捷.木霉菌生物学与应用研究:回顾与展望[J].菌物学报,2014, 33(6):1129-1135.
[6]李梅云,李天飞,王革,等.木霉对烤烟黑胫病菌的拮抗机制[J].植物保护学报,2002,29(4):309-312.
[7]李淼,产祝龙,檀根甲,等.木霉菌防治植物真菌病害研究进展[J].生物技术通讯,2009, 20(2):286-290.
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[10]吴晓儒,陈硕闻,杨玉红,等.木霉菌颗粒剂对玉米茎腐病防治的应用[J].植物保护学报,2015, 42(6):1030-1035.
[11]庄敬华,陈捷,杨长成,等.生防木霉菌生物安全性评价[J].中国农业科学,2006, 39(4):715-720.
[12]刘政,孙艳,张学坤,等.木霉菌厚垣孢子制剂对土壤微生物数量和棉花黄萎病的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015, 52(1):97-101.
[13]王革,李梅云,段玉琪,等.木霉菌对烤烟黑胫病菌的拮抗机制及其生物防治研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,23(3):222-226.
[14]陈志敏,顾钢,陈顺辉,等.木霉菌对烤烟疫霉的拮抗作用[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2009, 38(3):234-237.
[15]陈小均,喻会平,顾怀胜,等.木霉菌防治烤烟根腐病及其土壤优势微生物的相互作用[J].贵州农业科学,2007, 35(5):57-59.
[16]解燕,王文楷,赵杰,等.烤烟钾素营养与钾肥研究[J].中国农学通报,2006, 22(8):302-307.
[17]张东,扈强,杜咏梅,等.植烟土壤酸化及改良技术研究进展[J].中国烤烟科学,2013, 34(5):113-118.
[18]王富国,宋琳,冯艳,等.不同种植年限酸化果园土壤微生物学性状的研究[J].土壤通报,2011, 43(1):46-50.
[19]汪炳华.云南烟草主栽品种抗青枯病田间抗性测试及评价[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:44-107, 433-438.
[21]张治安,张美善,蔚荣海.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004:25-30.
[22]李世贵,吕天晓,顾金刚,等.施用木霉菌诱导黄瓜抗病性及对土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(2):75-78.
[23] CONTRERAS-CORNEJO H A, LOPEZ-BUCIO J. Trichoderma virens,a plant beneficial fungus, enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin-dependent mechanism in A rabidopsis[J]. Plant Physiology, 2009, 149(3):1579-1592.
[24] WANG K L, LI H, ECKER J R. Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks[J]. Plant Cell, 2002. 14(14):S131.
[25]喻会平,龙友华,安启菲,等.生物菌剂对烤烟种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016, 44(3):47-52.
[26]端永明,龙春瑞,陈树林,等.绿色木霉菌和抗生素溶杆菌对苗期及大田烤烟影响的研究[J].昆明学院学报,2012, 34(6):25-28.
[27]王革,李天福,孙超岷,等.烤烟木霉菌剂的肥效测定及叶面、根部定殖研究[J].中国烤烟学报,2002, 8(4):27-33.
[28] HARMAN G E. Overview of mechanisms and uses of Trichoderma spp[J]. Phytopathology, 2006, 96(2):190-194.
[29]于新,田淑慧,徐文兴,等.木霉菌生防作用的生化机制研究进展[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005, 44(2):86-90.
[30]庄敬华,增贵,杨长城,等.绿色木霉菌T23对黄瓜枯萎病防治效果及其几种防御酶活性的影响[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(2):179-183.
[31]黄艳青,庄敬华,高增贵,等.木霉菌诱导甜瓜抗枯萎病相关防御反应酶系的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2005, 36(5):546-549.
[32]周莉华,李维炯,倪永珍.长期施用EM生物有机肥对冬小麦生产的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005, 21(1):221-224.
[33]孙吉庆,刘润进,李敏.丛枝菌根真菌提高植物抗逆性的效应及其机制研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2012, 48(9):845-852.
[2]古丽吉米拉·米吉提,王志英,王娜,等.木霉菌的生物防治分子机理[J].北方园艺,2013(23):206-212.
[3]田艳艳,赵世民,李彰,等.洛阳地区烟田土壤木霉菌的分离鉴定及其拮抗作用测定[J].河南农业科学,2015, 44(11):79-84.
[4]张瑾,张树武,徐秉良,等.长枝木霉菌抑菌谱测定及其抑菌作用机理研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2014, 22(6):661-667.
[5]陈捷.木霉菌生物学与应用研究:回顾与展望[J].菌物学报,2014, 33(6):1129-1135.
[6]李梅云,李天飞,王革,等.木霉对烤烟黑胫病菌的拮抗机制[J].植物保护学报,2002,29(4):309-312.
[7]李淼,产祝龙,檀根甲,等.木霉菌防治植物真菌病害研究进展[J].生物技术通讯,2009, 20(2):286-290.
[8]陈捷,朱洁伟,张婷,等.木霉菌生物防治作用机理与应用研究进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2011, 27(2):145-151.
[9] VITERBO A, LANDAU U, KIM S, et al. Characterization of ACC deaminase from the biocontrol and plant growth-promoting agent Trichoderma as perellum T203[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2010, 305(1):42-48.
[10]吴晓儒,陈硕闻,杨玉红,等.木霉菌颗粒剂对玉米茎腐病防治的应用[J].植物保护学报,2015, 42(6):1030-1035.
[11]庄敬华,陈捷,杨长成,等.生防木霉菌生物安全性评价[J].中国农业科学,2006, 39(4):715-720.
[12]刘政,孙艳,张学坤,等.木霉菌厚垣孢子制剂对土壤微生物数量和棉花黄萎病的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015, 52(1):97-101.
[13]王革,李梅云,段玉琪,等.木霉菌对烤烟黑胫病菌的拮抗机制及其生物防治研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,23(3):222-226.
[14]陈志敏,顾钢,陈顺辉,等.木霉菌对烤烟疫霉的拮抗作用[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2009, 38(3):234-237.
[15]陈小均,喻会平,顾怀胜,等.木霉菌防治烤烟根腐病及其土壤优势微生物的相互作用[J].贵州农业科学,2007, 35(5):57-59.
[16]解燕,王文楷,赵杰,等.烤烟钾素营养与钾肥研究[J].中国农学通报,2006, 22(8):302-307.
[17]张东,扈强,杜咏梅,等.植烟土壤酸化及改良技术研究进展[J].中国烤烟科学,2013, 34(5):113-118.
[18]王富国,宋琳,冯艳,等.不同种植年限酸化果园土壤微生物学性状的研究[J].土壤通报,2011, 43(1):46-50.
[19]汪炳华.云南烟草主栽品种抗青枯病田间抗性测试及评价[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:44-107, 433-438.
[21]张治安,张美善,蔚荣海.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004:25-30.
[22]李世贵,吕天晓,顾金刚,等.施用木霉菌诱导黄瓜抗病性及对土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(2):75-78.
[23] CONTRERAS-CORNEJO H A, LOPEZ-BUCIO J. Trichoderma virens,a plant beneficial fungus, enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin-dependent mechanism in A rabidopsis[J]. Plant Physiology, 2009, 149(3):1579-1592.
[24] WANG K L, LI H, ECKER J R. Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks[J]. Plant Cell, 2002. 14(14):S131.
[25]喻会平,龙友华,安启菲,等.生物菌剂对烤烟种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016, 44(3):47-52.
[26]端永明,龙春瑞,陈树林,等.绿色木霉菌和抗生素溶杆菌对苗期及大田烤烟影响的研究[J].昆明学院学报,2012, 34(6):25-28.
[27]王革,李天福,孙超岷,等.烤烟木霉菌剂的肥效测定及叶面、根部定殖研究[J].中国烤烟学报,2002, 8(4):27-33.
[28] HARMAN G E. Overview of mechanisms and uses of Trichoderma spp[J]. Phytopathology, 2006, 96(2):190-194.
[29]于新,田淑慧,徐文兴,等.木霉菌生防作用的生化机制研究进展[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005, 44(2):86-90.
[30]庄敬华,增贵,杨长城,等.绿色木霉菌T23对黄瓜枯萎病防治效果及其几种防御酶活性的影响[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(2):179-183.
[31]黄艳青,庄敬华,高增贵,等.木霉菌诱导甜瓜抗枯萎病相关防御反应酶系的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2005, 36(5):546-549.
[32]周莉华,李维炯,倪永珍.长期施用EM生物有机肥对冬小麦生产的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005, 21(1):221-224.
[33]孙吉庆,刘润进,李敏.丛枝菌根真菌提高植物抗逆性的效应及其机制研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2012, 48(9):845-852.