不同经管模式下猕猴桃园土壤动物群落结构的变化
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摘要
【目的】了解不同经营管理模式下猕猴桃园土壤动物群落结构的特征差异,以期为区域农业生产可持续发展提供科学依据.【方法】采用手捡法和干湿漏斗法,于2015年5月,对都江堰市猕猴桃种植基地内3种不同经营管理模式(大棚羊粪地、大棚微生物菌肥地和大棚外露天微生物菌肥地)下的土壤动物群落进行调查.【结果】本次试验共捕获土壤动物868只,隶属于3门7纲10目28个类群;各样地土壤动物平均密度排序为大棚羊粪地(4.47×10~4只/m~2)>棚内微生物菌肥地(8.19×10~4只/m~2)>棚外微生物菌肥地(4.75×10~3只/m~2);各样地间土壤动物平均密度差异显著(P<0.05);各土层的土壤动物个体数和平均密度随土层深度的增加而逐渐减少.【结论】相对于微生物菌肥,施用羊粪土壤动物更加丰富多样,大棚管理下比露天环境更适合土壤动物的生存和聚集.
【Objective】 To reveal the differences of soil animal communities caused by the greenhouse cultivation and different manure application in kiwi fruit orchard.【Method】 Based on the field sampling and laboratory analysis,the soil fauna community in kiwi fruit orchard with three different management model,that is,the greenhouse with the application of sheep dung(P_1) and bacterial manure(P_2) respectively and the orchard with application of bacterial manure(P_3) only was investigated in Puyang Town of Dujiangyan in May 2015.【Result】 The totally of 868 individuals was obtained,belonging to 3 phyla,7 classes,10 orders and 28 groups.The average density of soil animals between different plots were significantly different(P<0.05) and the average density of soil animals in area of P_1 was the highest at 4.48×10~4 n/(ind·m~2),and that in area of P_2 and P_3 was at 8.19×10~3 n/(ind·m~2) and 4.8×10~3 n/(ind·m~2) respectively.But for all this,the group number showed no obvious differences among different points.The community diversity of soil faunas between different plots were significantly different(P<0.05).The numbers of individuals,group density and community diversity of soil animals showed obvious characteristics of surface-aggregation.【Conclusion】 There are more soil animals converged in area of P_1 than that in area of P_2 and P_3,indicating that greenhouse soil is more beneficial for subsistence and reproduction than that of open fields.Also,sheep dung provides soil faunas more nutrients than bacterial manure.
【Objective】 To reveal the differences of soil animal communities caused by the greenhouse cultivation and different manure application in kiwi fruit orchard.【Method】 Based on the field sampling and laboratory analysis,the soil fauna community in kiwi fruit orchard with three different management model,that is,the greenhouse with the application of sheep dung(P_1) and bacterial manure(P_2) respectively and the orchard with application of bacterial manure(P_3) only was investigated in Puyang Town of Dujiangyan in May 2015.【Result】 The totally of 868 individuals was obtained,belonging to 3 phyla,7 classes,10 orders and 28 groups.The average density of soil animals between different plots were significantly different(P<0.05) and the average density of soil animals in area of P_1 was the highest at 4.48×10~4 n/(ind·m~2),and that in area of P_2 and P_3 was at 8.19×10~3 n/(ind·m~2) and 4.8×10~3 n/(ind·m~2) respectively.But for all this,the group number showed no obvious differences among different points.The community diversity of soil faunas between different plots were significantly different(P<0.05).The numbers of individuals,group density and community diversity of soil animals showed obvious characteristics of surface-aggregation.【Conclusion】 There are more soil animals converged in area of P_1 than that in area of P_2 and P_3,indicating that greenhouse soil is more beneficial for subsistence and reproduction than that of open fields.Also,sheep dung provides soil faunas more nutrients than bacterial manure.
引文
[1] 徐爱春,陈庆红,顾霞.猕猴桃不同果园土壤和叶片营养状况分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(5):53-56.
[2] Milcu A,Manning P.All size classes of soil fauna and litter quality control the acceleration of litter decay in its home environment[J].Oikos,2011,120(9):1366-1370.
[3] 武均,曹靖,张晓阳,等.秦岭西部不同发育阶段日本落叶松林凋落物层大型土壤动物群落特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(5):592-598.
[4] 何先进,吴鹏飞,崔丽巍,等.坡度对农田土壤动物群落结构及多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(12):3701-3713.
[5] 谭波,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.不同林龄马尾松人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(4):1118-1124.
[6] 张洪芝,吴鹏飞,杨大星,等.青藏东缘若尔盖高寒草甸中小型土壤动物群落特征及季节变化[J].生态学报,2011,31(15):4385-4397.
[7] 夏磊,张健,杨万勤,等.生长季节初期高山针叶林小生境土壤动物群落多样性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(2):303-308.
[8] 崔丽巍,刘世荣,刘兴良,等.川西北冷杉林恢复过程中土壤动物群落动态[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4772-4783.
[9] 肖玖金,黄晓丽,朱万强,等.猕猴桃园春季土壤动物群落结构特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(3):454-458.
[10] Spath M,Insam H,Peintner U,et al.Linking soil biotic and abiotic factors to apple replant disease:a greenhouse approach[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2015,163(4):287-299.
[11] 王庆忠.蔬菜温室栽培对土壤动物群落的影响[J].土壤通报,2009,40(4):767-770.
[12] 刘长海,徐世才,苑彩霞,等.蔬菜大棚春季土壤动物群落结构与多样性分析[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(14):253-256.
[13] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[14] 尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[15] 尹文英.中国亚热带土壤动物[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[16] 李鸿兴,隋敬之,周士秀.昆虫分类检索[M].北京:农业出版社,1987.
[17] 钟觉民.幼虫分类学[M].北京:农业出版社,1990.
[18] 黄玉梅,张健,杨万勤.巨桉人工林土壤动物群落结构特征[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2502-2509.
[19] 肖玖金,黄晓丽,卢昌泰,等.坡位对猕猴桃种植基地土壤动物群落结构的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2013,39(4):421-427.
[20] 林英华,孙家宝,刘海良,等.黑龙江帽儿山土壤动物群落组成与多样性分析[J].林业科学,2006,42(4):71-77.
[21] 吴东辉,张柏,陈鹏.长春市不同土地利用条件下大型土壤动物群落结构与组成[J].动物学报,2006,52(2):279-287.
[22] 葛宝明,程宏毅,郑祥,等.浙江金华不同城市绿地大型土壤动物群落结构与多样性[J].生物多样性,2005,13(3):197-203.
[23] 吴东辉,尹文英,卜照义.松嫩草原中度退化草地不同植被恢复方式下土壤线虫的群落特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):1-12.
[24] Gan H,Zak D R,Hunter M D.Trophic stability of soil oribatid mites in the face of environmental change[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2014,68(1):71-77.
[25] 赵世魁,刘贤谦,冀卫荣.庞泉沟华北落叶松林土壤动物群落动态研究[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(1):66-69.
[2] Milcu A,Manning P.All size classes of soil fauna and litter quality control the acceleration of litter decay in its home environment[J].Oikos,2011,120(9):1366-1370.
[3] 武均,曹靖,张晓阳,等.秦岭西部不同发育阶段日本落叶松林凋落物层大型土壤动物群落特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(5):592-598.
[4] 何先进,吴鹏飞,崔丽巍,等.坡度对农田土壤动物群落结构及多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(12):3701-3713.
[5] 谭波,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.不同林龄马尾松人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(4):1118-1124.
[6] 张洪芝,吴鹏飞,杨大星,等.青藏东缘若尔盖高寒草甸中小型土壤动物群落特征及季节变化[J].生态学报,2011,31(15):4385-4397.
[7] 夏磊,张健,杨万勤,等.生长季节初期高山针叶林小生境土壤动物群落多样性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(2):303-308.
[8] 崔丽巍,刘世荣,刘兴良,等.川西北冷杉林恢复过程中土壤动物群落动态[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4772-4783.
[9] 肖玖金,黄晓丽,朱万强,等.猕猴桃园春季土壤动物群落结构特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(3):454-458.
[10] Spath M,Insam H,Peintner U,et al.Linking soil biotic and abiotic factors to apple replant disease:a greenhouse approach[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2015,163(4):287-299.
[11] 王庆忠.蔬菜温室栽培对土壤动物群落的影响[J].土壤通报,2009,40(4):767-770.
[12] 刘长海,徐世才,苑彩霞,等.蔬菜大棚春季土壤动物群落结构与多样性分析[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(14):253-256.
[13] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[14] 尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[15] 尹文英.中国亚热带土壤动物[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[16] 李鸿兴,隋敬之,周士秀.昆虫分类检索[M].北京:农业出版社,1987.
[17] 钟觉民.幼虫分类学[M].北京:农业出版社,1990.
[18] 黄玉梅,张健,杨万勤.巨桉人工林土壤动物群落结构特征[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2502-2509.
[19] 肖玖金,黄晓丽,卢昌泰,等.坡位对猕猴桃种植基地土壤动物群落结构的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2013,39(4):421-427.
[20] 林英华,孙家宝,刘海良,等.黑龙江帽儿山土壤动物群落组成与多样性分析[J].林业科学,2006,42(4):71-77.
[21] 吴东辉,张柏,陈鹏.长春市不同土地利用条件下大型土壤动物群落结构与组成[J].动物学报,2006,52(2):279-287.
[22] 葛宝明,程宏毅,郑祥,等.浙江金华不同城市绿地大型土壤动物群落结构与多样性[J].生物多样性,2005,13(3):197-203.
[23] 吴东辉,尹文英,卜照义.松嫩草原中度退化草地不同植被恢复方式下土壤线虫的群落特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):1-12.
[24] Gan H,Zak D R,Hunter M D.Trophic stability of soil oribatid mites in the face of environmental change[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2014,68(1):71-77.
[25] 赵世魁,刘贤谦,冀卫荣.庞泉沟华北落叶松林土壤动物群落动态研究[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(1):66-69.