酸性高砷煤矿区苔藓植物的适生性及其砷含量特征
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摘要
对贵州省兴仁县高砷煤矿区猫石头水库上游(溪流区和废渣区)苔藓植物进行调查,共发现苔藓植物5科6属6种,优势种属表现较明显,丛藓科的花状湿地藓、金发藓科的金发藓原变种分别是溪流区和废渣区的优势种群。由于受矿区酸性矿山废水的污染,苔藓生长基质普遍呈现酸性、高电导率的特征,致使本研究区苔藓植物与其他研究区种类差异较大。研究区内苔藓植物As含量为2.65~282.70 mg·kg-1,平均值为79.28 mg·kg-1。溪流区优势种群花状湿地藓各部分As含量特征显示,土壤基质是花状湿地藓体内As的来源之一。
An investigation was conducted on the bryophyte communities from stream and waste solid subareas of the upper stream of Cat Stone Reservoir,a high-arsenic coal area in Xingren County,Guizhou Province. It was found that there were 6 species of 6 genera in 5 families in the bryophyte communities,and the dominant species presented more apparent features. Hyophila rosea of Pottiaceae and Polytrichum commune of Polytrichaceae were the dominant species in the stream and waste solid subareas,respectively. Due to the contamination of the acid mine drainage,the electric conductivity and acidity were high in the growth matrix of the bryophyte,which made the species of bryophytes in the study area largely different from those found in other areas. The arsenic( As) concentration ranged from 2. 65 to 282. 70 mg·kg-1across different bryophyte species,with an average concentration of 79. 28 mg·kg-1. The distribution of As in different parts of the dominant species Hyophila rosea showed that soil matrix was one of the sources of As in the Hyophila rosea.
An investigation was conducted on the bryophyte communities from stream and waste solid subareas of the upper stream of Cat Stone Reservoir,a high-arsenic coal area in Xingren County,Guizhou Province. It was found that there were 6 species of 6 genera in 5 families in the bryophyte communities,and the dominant species presented more apparent features. Hyophila rosea of Pottiaceae and Polytrichum commune of Polytrichaceae were the dominant species in the stream and waste solid subareas,respectively. Due to the contamination of the acid mine drainage,the electric conductivity and acidity were high in the growth matrix of the bryophyte,which made the species of bryophytes in the study area largely different from those found in other areas. The arsenic( As) concentration ranged from 2. 65 to 282. 70 mg·kg-1across different bryophyte species,with an average concentration of 79. 28 mg·kg-1. The distribution of As in different parts of the dominant species Hyophila rosea showed that soil matrix was one of the sources of As in the Hyophila rosea.
引文
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陈同斌,韦朝阳,黄泽春,等.2002.砷超富集植物蜈蚣草及其对砷的富集特征.科学通报,47(3):207-210.
匡其羽,张朝晖.2012.王家湾金矿藓类植物多样性与重金属污染关系.金属矿山,(5):140-143.
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吴虹玥,包维楷,王安.2005.苔藓植物的化学元素含量及其特点.生态学杂志,24(1):58-64.
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谢宏.2007.黔西南高砷煤地质特征及其分布类型.中国煤炭,33(3):56-58.
张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.2002.新疆山地苔藓植物区系相似性的数量分析.西北植物学报,22(3):484-489.
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Appleton JD,Weeks JM,Calvez JPS,et al.2006.Impacts of mercury contaminated mining waste on soil quality,crops,bivalves,and fish in the Naboc River area,Mindanao,Philippines.Science of the Total Environment,354:198-211.
Bargagli R.1995.The elemental composition of vegetation and the possible incidence of soil contamination of samples.Science of the Total Environment,176:121-128.
Fernandez JA,Ederra A,Nunez E,et al.2002.Biomonitoring of metal deposition in northern Spain by moss analysis.Science of the Total Environment,300:115-127.
Gerdol R,Bragazza L,Marchesini R,et al.2000.Monitoring of heavy metal deposition in Northern Italy by moss analysis.Environmental Pollution,108:201-208.
Harmens H,Norris DA,Koerber GR,et al.2007.Temporal trends in the concentration of arsenic,chromium,copper,iron,nickel,vanadium and zinc in mosses across Europe between 1990 and 2000.Atmospheric Environment,41:6673-6687.
Harmens H,Norris DA,Steinnes E,et al.2010.Mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric heavy metal deposition:Spatial patterns and temporal trends in Europe.Environmental Pollution,158:3144-3156.
Koz B,Cevik U,Akbulut S.2012.Heavy metal analysis around Murgul(Artvin)copper mining area of Turkey using moss and soil.Ecological Indicators,20:17-23.
Koz B,Cevik U,Ozdemir T,et al.2008.Analysis of mosses along Sarp-Samsun highway in Turkey.Journal of Hazardous Materials,153:646-654.
kland T,kland RH,Steinnes E.1999.Element concentrations in the boreal forest moss Hylocomium splendens variation related to gradients in vegetation and local environmental factors.Plant and Soil,209:71-83.
Poikolainen J,Kubine E,Piispaen J,et al.2004.Atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Finland during 1985-2000 using mosses as bioindicators.Science of the Total Environment,318 :171-185.
Rambo TR,Muir PS.1998.Forest floor bryophytes of Pseudotsuga menziesii-Tsuga heterophylla stands in Oregan:Influences of substrate and overstory.Bryologist,101:116-130.
Sucharova J,Suchara I.1998.Atmospheric deposition levels of chosen elements in the Czech Republic determined in the framework of the International Bryomonitoring Program1995.Science of the Total Environment,223:37-52.
Wu P,Tang C,Liu C,et al.2009.Geochemical distribution and removal of As,Fe,Mn and Al in a surface water system affected by acid mine drainage at a coalfield in Southwestern China.Environmental Geology,57:1457-1467.
陈同斌,韦朝阳,黄泽春,等.2002.砷超富集植物蜈蚣草及其对砷的富集特征.科学通报,47(3):207-210.
匡其羽,张朝晖.2012.王家湾金矿藓类植物多样性与重金属污染关系.金属矿山,(5):140-143.
李融,余成群,姜炎彬,等.2010.西藏河谷区人工牧草地的苔藓植物群落研究.干旱地区农业研究,28(5):228 -232.
刘宏,吴攀,张翅鹏,等.2010.高砷煤矿废水灌溉区土壤砷的分布特征探究.环境科学与技术,33(8):57-61.
刘荣相,王智慧,张朝晖.2011.苔藓植物对贵州丹寨汞矿区汞污染的生态监测.生态学报,31(6):1558-1566.
刘荣相,张朝晖.2010.贵州东南部喀斯特汞金矿带苔藓植物及其重金属富集特征.中国岩溶,29(1):41-47.
宋闪闪,姜炎彬,张庆忠,等.2011.黑龙江兴凯湖沼泽地苔藓植物群落初步研究.植物科学学报,29(3):272-277.
吴攀,裴廷权,冯丽娟,等.2006.贵州兴仁煤矿区土壤表土与沉积物中砷的环境调查研究.地球与环境,34(4):31-35.
吴虹玥,包维楷,王安.2005.苔藓植物的化学元素含量及其特点.生态学杂志,24(1):58-64.
吴鹏程.1998.苔藓植物生物学.北京:科学出版社.吴玉环,黄国宏,高谦,等.2001.苔藓植物对环境变化的响应及适应性研究进展.应用生态学报,12(6):943-946.
谢宏.2007.黔西南高砷煤地质特征及其分布类型.中国煤炭,33(3):56-58.
张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.2002.新疆山地苔藓植物区系相似性的数量分析.西北植物学报,22(3):484-489.
Aceto M,Abollino O,Conca R,et al.2003.The use of mosses as environmental metal pollution indicators.Chemosphere,50 :333-342.
Appleton JD,Weeks JM,Calvez JPS,et al.2006.Impacts of mercury contaminated mining waste on soil quality,crops,bivalves,and fish in the Naboc River area,Mindanao,Philippines.Science of the Total Environment,354:198-211.
Bargagli R.1995.The elemental composition of vegetation and the possible incidence of soil contamination of samples.Science of the Total Environment,176:121-128.
Fernandez JA,Ederra A,Nunez E,et al.2002.Biomonitoring of metal deposition in northern Spain by moss analysis.Science of the Total Environment,300:115-127.
Gerdol R,Bragazza L,Marchesini R,et al.2000.Monitoring of heavy metal deposition in Northern Italy by moss analysis.Environmental Pollution,108:201-208.
Harmens H,Norris DA,Koerber GR,et al.2007.Temporal trends in the concentration of arsenic,chromium,copper,iron,nickel,vanadium and zinc in mosses across Europe between 1990 and 2000.Atmospheric Environment,41:6673-6687.
Harmens H,Norris DA,Steinnes E,et al.2010.Mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric heavy metal deposition:Spatial patterns and temporal trends in Europe.Environmental Pollution,158:3144-3156.
Koz B,Cevik U,Akbulut S.2012.Heavy metal analysis around Murgul(Artvin)copper mining area of Turkey using moss and soil.Ecological Indicators,20:17-23.
Koz B,Cevik U,Ozdemir T,et al.2008.Analysis of mosses along Sarp-Samsun highway in Turkey.Journal of Hazardous Materials,153:646-654.
kland T,kland RH,Steinnes E.1999.Element concentrations in the boreal forest moss Hylocomium splendens variation related to gradients in vegetation and local environmental factors.Plant and Soil,209:71-83.
Poikolainen J,Kubine E,Piispaen J,et al.2004.Atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Finland during 1985-2000 using mosses as bioindicators.Science of the Total Environment,318 :171-185.
Rambo TR,Muir PS.1998.Forest floor bryophytes of Pseudotsuga menziesii-Tsuga heterophylla stands in Oregan:Influences of substrate and overstory.Bryologist,101:116-130.
Sucharova J,Suchara I.1998.Atmospheric deposition levels of chosen elements in the Czech Republic determined in the framework of the International Bryomonitoring Program1995.Science of the Total Environment,223:37-52.
Wu P,Tang C,Liu C,et al.2009.Geochemical distribution and removal of As,Fe,Mn and Al in a surface water system affected by acid mine drainage at a coalfield in Southwestern China.Environmental Geology,57:1457-1467.