铁矾渣酸浸液磷酸除铁过程研究
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摘要
针对"锌渣焙烧—酸浸提铟和锌—氯盐浸银和铅"处理湿法炼锌铁矾渣焙烧温度范围窄、难以工业应用的难题,提出"铁矾渣焙烧—酸浸—酸浸液磷酸除铁并副产磷酸铁—除铁后液提铟和锌"新工艺,重点研究铁矾渣酸浸液磷酸除铁过程,包括磷酸除铁工艺条件、动力学变化规律、副产磷酸铁物相。研究结果表明,较优的铁矾渣酸浸液磷酸除铁工艺条件为:P/Fe=0.9、温度85℃、时间8h、诱导剂加入量0.7g,除铁率为58.08%、铟损失率26%,铁矾渣中铁浸出率由23%降为9.66%(≤10%),除铁后铟浸出率为70.3%(≥70%),酸浸液中Zn~(2+)在磷酸除铁过程中损失很小,不受影响,三种元素浸出率均符合指标要求。磷酸除铁反应过程和铟损失过程均基本符合零级反应,反应活化能分别为51.25和46.12kJ/mol。磷酸除铁过程副产高纯度结晶型FePO_4·2H_2O。铁矾渣焙烧温度调节宽度达到70℃。
To address narrow roasting temperature range and difficulty of industrial application of original combined process of"zinc slag roasting,acid leaching of indium and zinc,chloride leaching of silver and lead"in treating jarosite slag from zinc hydrometallurgy,a new process of"jarosite slag roasting,acid leaching,iron removal from acid leaching solution with phosphoric acid and produce byproduct of ironic phosphate,extracting indium and zinc after iron removal"was put forward.The process to remove iron from acid leaching solution of jarosite slag by phosphoric acid was studied,in terms of technological conditions,law of kinetic and phase of by-product of ferric phosphate.The results show that the optimum conditions for iron removal include P/Fe=0.9,temperature of 85 ℃,time of 8 h,and inducer dosage of 0.7 g,under which,iron removal rate is 58.08% and indium loss rate is 26%,Fe leaching rate in jarosite slag is reduced from 23% to 9.66%(≤10%),indium leaching rate after iron removal is 70.3%(≥70%),and loss rate of Zn~(2+) in acid leaching solution is very small.The leaching rates of three elements all meet the requirements of the index.Iron removal and indium loss during iron removal with phosphoric acid basically accord with zero order reaction with activation energy of 51.25 kJ/mol and 46.12 kJ/mol,respectively.High purity crystalline FePO_4 ·2H_2O is by-product.The roasting temperature range of jarosite slag is 70℃.
To address narrow roasting temperature range and difficulty of industrial application of original combined process of"zinc slag roasting,acid leaching of indium and zinc,chloride leaching of silver and lead"in treating jarosite slag from zinc hydrometallurgy,a new process of"jarosite slag roasting,acid leaching,iron removal from acid leaching solution with phosphoric acid and produce byproduct of ironic phosphate,extracting indium and zinc after iron removal"was put forward.The process to remove iron from acid leaching solution of jarosite slag by phosphoric acid was studied,in terms of technological conditions,law of kinetic and phase of by-product of ferric phosphate.The results show that the optimum conditions for iron removal include P/Fe=0.9,temperature of 85 ℃,time of 8 h,and inducer dosage of 0.7 g,under which,iron removal rate is 58.08% and indium loss rate is 26%,Fe leaching rate in jarosite slag is reduced from 23% to 9.66%(≤10%),indium leaching rate after iron removal is 70.3%(≥70%),and loss rate of Zn~(2+) in acid leaching solution is very small.The leaching rates of three elements all meet the requirements of the index.Iron removal and indium loss during iron removal with phosphoric acid basically accord with zero order reaction with activation energy of 51.25 kJ/mol and 46.12 kJ/mol,respectively.High purity crystalline FePO_4 ·2H_2O is by-product.The roasting temperature range of jarosite slag is 70℃.
引文
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[2]饶冰,戴惠新,高利坤.冶炼废渣中铟回收技术进展[J].化工进展,2016,35(12):4042-4052.
[3]刘洋,谭军,尹周澜,等.湿法炼锌沉铁渣和浸锌渣的焙烧预处理[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(1):212-222.
[4]邹小平,王海北,魏帮,等.锌冶炼厂铁闪锌矿湿法冶炼浸出渣处理方案选择[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2016(8):12-16.
[5]HU H P,DENG Q F,LI C,et al.The recovery of Zn and Pb and the manufacture of lightweight bricks from zinc smelting slag and clay[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,271:220-227.
[6]ASOKAN P,MOHINI S,SHYAM R A.Jarosite characteristics and its utilisation potentials[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,359(2):232-243.
[7]DOUGLAS S K.Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and iron treatment of brass foundry waste[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2003,37(2):361-371.
[8]尹鑫,周广柱,王翠珍,等.者海铅锌渣中重金属的赋存形态及环境风险评价[J].地球与环境,2016,44(4):478-483.
[9]江秋月.高铅硅锌渣绿色回收锗铟的新工艺研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2014(4):51-53.
[10]陈卫华,邹学付.浅谈湿法炼锌浸出渣的综合回收[J].金属矿山,2006(1):98-100.
[11]沈奕林,覃庶宏,熊志军.铁矾渣的处理及萃取提铟新工艺研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2001(4):33-35.
[12]王令明.来冶铟系统技改设计思路浅述[J].湖南有色金属,2002,18(2):17-20.
[13]SALINAS E,ROCA A,CRUELLS M,et al.Characterization and alkaline decompositioncyanidation kinetics of industrial ammonium jarosite in NaOH media[J].Hydrometallurgy,2001,60(3):237-246.
[14]PATINO F,CRUELLS M,ROCA A,et al.Kinetics of alkaline decomposition and cyanidation of argentian ammonium jarosite in lime medium[J].Hydrometallurgy,2003,70(1/2/3):153-161.
[15]KASAINI H,KASONGO K,NAUDE N,et al.Enhanced leachability of gold and silver in cyanide media:Effect of alkaline pre-treatment of jarosite minerals[J].Minerals Engineering,2008,21(5):1075-1082.
[16]陈永明,唐谟堂,杨声海,等.NaOH分解含铟铁矾渣新工艺[J].中国有色金属学报,2009,19(7):1322-1331.
[17]薛佩毅,巨少华,张亦飞,等.焙烧-浸出黄钾铁矾渣中多种有价金属[J].过程工程学报,2011,11(1):56-60.
[18]宁顺明,陈志飞.从黄钾铁矾渣中回收锌铟[J].中国有色金属学报,1997,7(3):56-58.
[19]高丽霞,戴子林,张魁芳,等.从湿法锌冶炼废渣中提取银和铅[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2018(5):29-32.
[20]高丽霞,戴子林,张魁芳,等.降低湿法锌冶炼废渣中铅含量[J].化工进展,2017,36(12):4672-4678.
[21]张魁芳,刘志强,戴子林,等.含铟铁矾渣焙烧水浸法回收锌和铟[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(5):1045-1050.
[22]高丽霞,戴子林,张魁芳,等.黄铵铁矾焙烧酸浸行为过程研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2016(10):9-11,57.
[23]高丽霞,戴子林,李桂英,等.从湿法锌冶炼废渣中高效回收银的研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2016(4):45-48,65.
[24]高丽霞,戴子林,张魁芳,等.降低湿法锌冶炼废渣中铅含量的方法:CN201710017550.8[P].2017-01-11.
[25]高丽霞,戴子林,刘志强,等.从湿法锌冶炼废渣中回收银的方法:CN201410434875.2[P].2014-08-30.