底板采动破坏带分段观测系统与应用
|
摘要
针对工作面开采后底板采动破坏带探测难题,为掌握开采引起的底板岩层破坏规律,确保承压水上安全开采,自主研发底板采动破坏带分段观测系统。该系统主要包括测漏-封堵一体化子系统、供给-测定子系统和推进子系统等,采用的测试探头最大外径为78 mm,每次推进最大有效测量长度为4 500 mm,设计封堵工作压力为2.5~2.6 MPa,测漏工作压力为0.1 MPa。该系统具有如下特点:1)测漏系统和封堵系统融合,可利用同一外界水源进行封堵和观测工作,实现封堵测漏一体化,减少钻孔内管道数量为1根,解决了钻杆绕线问题;2)设计压力转换端子,实现封堵高压水源向观测低压水源转换,保证封堵过程和观测过程在各自压力下工作;3)采用多探测单元观测,实现一次封堵多段测量,与双端封堵测漏装置相比,可减少2/3工作量。用华丰煤矿41501工作面底板采动破坏带现场实测对该系统的准确性和可靠性进行验证,并与理论预计和数值模拟结果相对比。研究结果表明:理论预计值为16.89~20.65 m,数值模拟结果为15 m,而现场实测深度为15.49 m,系统测量结果是准确的,且测试过程未发生钻杆绕线现象。底板采动破坏带分段观测系统的研制和应用,丰富了底板岩层采动破坏范围现场观测手段,对于承压水上安全开采,预防底板突水具有重要的实用价值。
On the issue of the floor failure depth detection after working face mining, a section observation system on floor mining damage zone was developed to master the law of the floor rock failure caused by mining and to ensure safety of mining above the confined water. The structure, function and operation steps of the section observation system were introduced. This system mainly includes the leak-seal integration section, the supply and measurement section and the propulsion section. The maximum outer diameter of the test probe used is 78 mm, and its maximum effective measurement length for each propulsion is 4 500 mm. The sealing pressure and leak pressure designed in working condition are respectively 2.5~2.6 MPa and 0.1 MPa. This system has the following characteristics: 1) The fusion of the system in leak section and plugging section can use the same external water source to make the sealing and observation work being completed, to achieve the integration of the function in sealing and leak detection, to reduce the number of pipes in the borehole to one and to solve the problem of winding the drill pipe; 2) The pressure converting terminal designed can realize the conversion of the blocking high pressure water source to the observation low pressure water source, which ensures that the plugging process and the observation process operate under respective pressures; 3) Compared with the double side seal-leak device of drilling, multiple observation units are adopted to realize multi section measurement with single plugging and can reduce the workload by 2/3. The accuracy and reliability of the system were verified by field measurement of the detection of the floor failure depth in the 41501 working face of Huafeng coal mine. By comparing the theoretical prediction and numerical simulation results, the results show that the theoretical predicted depth is 16.89-20.65 m, and the numerical simulated result is 15 m, and the measured depth in the section observation system is 15.49 m. The measurement results of the system are accurate. In the test process, there is no drill pipe winding phenomenon. The development and application of the section observation system on floor mining damage zone could enrich the field observation methods of the floor failure depth detection. For safe mining on confined water, it is of important practical value to prevent water inrush from floor.
On the issue of the floor failure depth detection after working face mining, a section observation system on floor mining damage zone was developed to master the law of the floor rock failure caused by mining and to ensure safety of mining above the confined water. The structure, function and operation steps of the section observation system were introduced. This system mainly includes the leak-seal integration section, the supply and measurement section and the propulsion section. The maximum outer diameter of the test probe used is 78 mm, and its maximum effective measurement length for each propulsion is 4 500 mm. The sealing pressure and leak pressure designed in working condition are respectively 2.5~2.6 MPa and 0.1 MPa. This system has the following characteristics: 1) The fusion of the system in leak section and plugging section can use the same external water source to make the sealing and observation work being completed, to achieve the integration of the function in sealing and leak detection, to reduce the number of pipes in the borehole to one and to solve the problem of winding the drill pipe; 2) The pressure converting terminal designed can realize the conversion of the blocking high pressure water source to the observation low pressure water source, which ensures that the plugging process and the observation process operate under respective pressures; 3) Compared with the double side seal-leak device of drilling, multiple observation units are adopted to realize multi section measurement with single plugging and can reduce the workload by 2/3. The accuracy and reliability of the system were verified by field measurement of the detection of the floor failure depth in the 41501 working face of Huafeng coal mine. By comparing the theoretical prediction and numerical simulation results, the results show that the theoretical predicted depth is 16.89-20.65 m, and the numerical simulated result is 15 m, and the measured depth in the section observation system is 15.49 m. The measurement results of the system are accurate. In the test process, there is no drill pipe winding phenomenon. The development and application of the section observation system on floor mining damage zone could enrich the field observation methods of the floor failure depth detection. For safe mining on confined water, it is of important practical value to prevent water inrush from floor.
引文
[1]郭惟嘉,刘伟韬,张文泉.矿井特殊开采[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2008:145-147.GUO Weijia,LIU Weitao,ZHANG Wenquan.Coal special mining[M].Beijing:Coal Industry Publishing House,2008:145-147.
[2]李白英,郭惟嘉.开采损害与环境保护[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004:185-188.LI Baiying,GUO Weijia.Mining damage and environment protection[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2004:185-188.
[3]李白英.预防矿井底板突水的“下三带”理论及其发展与应用[J]山东矿业学院学报(自然科学版),1999,18(4):11-18.LI Baiying.Down three zones theory of the prevention of floor water inrush and its development and application[J].Journal of Shandong Institute of Mining and Technology(Natural Science),1999,18(4):11-18.
[4]黎良杰,殷有泉,钱鸣高.KS结构的稳定性与底板突水机理[J].岩石力学工程学报,1998,17(1):40-45.LI Liangjie,YIN Youquan,QIAN Minggao.The structure stability of KS and water-inrush mechanism of floor strata[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(1):40-45.
[5]孙建,王连国.采场底板倾斜隔水关键层的失稳力学判据[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(11):2276-2285.SUN Jian,WANG Lianguo.Instability mechanics criterion of inclined water-resisting key strata in coal seam floor[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(11):2276-2285.
[6]王作宇,刘鸿泉.底板空间剩余完整岩体极限抗水压能力的分析计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(4):319-326.WANG Zuoyu,LIU Hongquan.Limit analysis and calculation of hydraulic resistance of the remaining complete rock mass under floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1994,13(4):319-326.
[7]王作宇,刘鸿泉,王培彝,等.承压水上采煤学科理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):40-48.WANG Zuoyu,LIU Hongquan,WANG Peiyi,et al.Coal mining discipline theory and practice above Confined water[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(1):40-48.
[8]姜耀东,吕玉凯,赵毅鑫,等.承压水上开采工作面底板破坏规律相似模拟试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1571-1578.JIANG Yaodong,LüYukai,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Similar simulation test for breakage law of working face floor in coal mining above aquifer[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1571-1578.
[9]李振华,翟常治,李飞龙.带压开采煤层底板断层活化突水机理试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,46(5):1806-1811.LI Zhenhua,ZHAI Changzhi,LI Feilong.Experimental study on water inrush mechanism due to floor faults activation in mining above confined aquifer[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2005,46(5):1806-1811.
[10]刘伟韬,刘士亮,姬保静.基于正交试验的底板破坏深度主控因素敏感性分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(9):1995-2001.LIU Weitao,LIU Shiliang,JI Baojing.Sensitivity analysis of controlling factors on failure depth of floor based on orthogonal experiment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(9):1995-2001.
[11]刘伟韬,武强.范各庄矿F0断层滞后突水数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊):3604-3610.LIU Weitao,WU Qiang.Numerical simulations of water inrush of fault F0 in Fangezhuang Coal Mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Suppl):3604-3610.
[12]刘伟韬,刘士亮.底板采动破坏深度的力学分析和数值仿真研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2015,35(10):94-98.LIU Weitao,LIU Shiliang.Mechanical analysis and numerical simulation on the mining failure depth of floor[J].Mining R&D,2015,35(10):94-98.
[13]尹尚先,武强.煤层底板陷落柱突水模拟及机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2551-2556.YIN Shangxian,WU Qiang.Simulation and mechanism analysis of water inrush from karstic collapse columns in coal floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2551-2556.
[14]刘伟韬,曹光全,申建军,等.底板采动破坏深度实测与模拟[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2013,32(12):1585-1589.LIU Weitao,CAO Guangquan,SEHN Jianjun,et al.Field measurement and simulation research on floor failure depth[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2013,32(12):1585-1589.
[15]朱术云,鞠远江,赵振中,等.超化煤矿“三软”煤层采动底板变形破坏的实测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(4):639-642.ZHU Shuyun,JU Yuanjiang,ZHAO Zhenzhong,et al.Field measurement study on deformation and destruction of“three-soft”coal seam floor of Chaohua Coal Mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(4):639-642.
[16]CHENG A P,GAO Y T,LIU C,et al.Microseismic monitoring and numerical simulation research of floor failure depth in extra-thick coal seam[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,881/882/883:1799-1804.
[17]SUN J,WANG L G,TANG F R,et al.Microseismic monitoring failure characteristics of inclined coal seam floor[J].Rock&Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1589-1595.
[18]张平松,吴基文,刘盛东.煤层采动底板破坏规律动态观测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增刊):3009-3013.ZHANG Pingsong,WU Jiwen,LIU Shengdong.Study on dynamic observation of coal seam floor’s failure law[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Suppl):3009-3013.
[19]程学丰,刘盛东,刘登宪.煤层采后围岩破坏规律的声波CT探测[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(2):153-155.CHENG Xuefeng,LIU Shengdong,LIU Dengxian.Sound wave CT detecting of damage rule of surrounding rock after coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(2):153-155.
[20]国家煤炭工业局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000:235-236.State Bureau of Coal Industry.Regulations of buildings,water,railway and main well laneleaving coal pillar and press coal mining[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2000:235-236.
[2]李白英,郭惟嘉.开采损害与环境保护[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004:185-188.LI Baiying,GUO Weijia.Mining damage and environment protection[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2004:185-188.
[3]李白英.预防矿井底板突水的“下三带”理论及其发展与应用[J]山东矿业学院学报(自然科学版),1999,18(4):11-18.LI Baiying.Down three zones theory of the prevention of floor water inrush and its development and application[J].Journal of Shandong Institute of Mining and Technology(Natural Science),1999,18(4):11-18.
[4]黎良杰,殷有泉,钱鸣高.KS结构的稳定性与底板突水机理[J].岩石力学工程学报,1998,17(1):40-45.LI Liangjie,YIN Youquan,QIAN Minggao.The structure stability of KS and water-inrush mechanism of floor strata[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(1):40-45.
[5]孙建,王连国.采场底板倾斜隔水关键层的失稳力学判据[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(11):2276-2285.SUN Jian,WANG Lianguo.Instability mechanics criterion of inclined water-resisting key strata in coal seam floor[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(11):2276-2285.
[6]王作宇,刘鸿泉.底板空间剩余完整岩体极限抗水压能力的分析计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(4):319-326.WANG Zuoyu,LIU Hongquan.Limit analysis and calculation of hydraulic resistance of the remaining complete rock mass under floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1994,13(4):319-326.
[7]王作宇,刘鸿泉,王培彝,等.承压水上采煤学科理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):40-48.WANG Zuoyu,LIU Hongquan,WANG Peiyi,et al.Coal mining discipline theory and practice above Confined water[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(1):40-48.
[8]姜耀东,吕玉凯,赵毅鑫,等.承压水上开采工作面底板破坏规律相似模拟试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1571-1578.JIANG Yaodong,LüYukai,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Similar simulation test for breakage law of working face floor in coal mining above aquifer[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1571-1578.
[9]李振华,翟常治,李飞龙.带压开采煤层底板断层活化突水机理试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,46(5):1806-1811.LI Zhenhua,ZHAI Changzhi,LI Feilong.Experimental study on water inrush mechanism due to floor faults activation in mining above confined aquifer[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2005,46(5):1806-1811.
[10]刘伟韬,刘士亮,姬保静.基于正交试验的底板破坏深度主控因素敏感性分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(9):1995-2001.LIU Weitao,LIU Shiliang,JI Baojing.Sensitivity analysis of controlling factors on failure depth of floor based on orthogonal experiment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(9):1995-2001.
[11]刘伟韬,武强.范各庄矿F0断层滞后突水数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊):3604-3610.LIU Weitao,WU Qiang.Numerical simulations of water inrush of fault F0 in Fangezhuang Coal Mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Suppl):3604-3610.
[12]刘伟韬,刘士亮.底板采动破坏深度的力学分析和数值仿真研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2015,35(10):94-98.LIU Weitao,LIU Shiliang.Mechanical analysis and numerical simulation on the mining failure depth of floor[J].Mining R&D,2015,35(10):94-98.
[13]尹尚先,武强.煤层底板陷落柱突水模拟及机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2551-2556.YIN Shangxian,WU Qiang.Simulation and mechanism analysis of water inrush from karstic collapse columns in coal floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2551-2556.
[14]刘伟韬,曹光全,申建军,等.底板采动破坏深度实测与模拟[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2013,32(12):1585-1589.LIU Weitao,CAO Guangquan,SEHN Jianjun,et al.Field measurement and simulation research on floor failure depth[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2013,32(12):1585-1589.
[15]朱术云,鞠远江,赵振中,等.超化煤矿“三软”煤层采动底板变形破坏的实测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(4):639-642.ZHU Shuyun,JU Yuanjiang,ZHAO Zhenzhong,et al.Field measurement study on deformation and destruction of“three-soft”coal seam floor of Chaohua Coal Mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(4):639-642.
[16]CHENG A P,GAO Y T,LIU C,et al.Microseismic monitoring and numerical simulation research of floor failure depth in extra-thick coal seam[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,881/882/883:1799-1804.
[17]SUN J,WANG L G,TANG F R,et al.Microseismic monitoring failure characteristics of inclined coal seam floor[J].Rock&Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1589-1595.
[18]张平松,吴基文,刘盛东.煤层采动底板破坏规律动态观测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增刊):3009-3013.ZHANG Pingsong,WU Jiwen,LIU Shengdong.Study on dynamic observation of coal seam floor’s failure law[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Suppl):3009-3013.
[19]程学丰,刘盛东,刘登宪.煤层采后围岩破坏规律的声波CT探测[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(2):153-155.CHENG Xuefeng,LIU Shengdong,LIU Dengxian.Sound wave CT detecting of damage rule of surrounding rock after coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(2):153-155.
[20]国家煤炭工业局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000:235-236.State Bureau of Coal Industry.Regulations of buildings,water,railway and main well laneleaving coal pillar and press coal mining[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2000:235-236.