采收方式对烤烟K326上部烟挂灰程度的影响
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摘要
采取常规采收、除芽采收(T1)和留芽采收(T2)3种采收方式,测定K326烤烟的农艺性状、化学指标、经济指标,分析采收方式对K326上部烟烘烤过程中挂灰程度的影响。结果表明:留芽采收烤后烟叶总糖、还原糖、淀粉含量、单叶质量、挂灰程度均比常规采收降低,其中淀粉含量和挂灰程度分别降低60.6%和59.7%;除芽和留芽采收处理烟叶的绿原酸、咖啡酸、莨菪亭含量较常规采收降低,留芽采收较常规采收分别降低9.4%、8.3%和9.1%。与常规采收相比,留芽采收能提升4%的上部烟均价。
In this study, 3 harvesting methods including conventional(CK), bud removal(T1) and bud retention(T2) were used to collect upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco K326. The agronomic, chemical, and economic indicators of the upper leaves were meaured to investigate the effect of different harvesting methods on the degree of browning leaf during baking process. The results showed that the total sugar, reducing sugar, starch, dry leaf weight and degree of leaf browning of flue-cured tobacco leaves in bud retention treatment were all lower than those in conventional treatment, the decrease of starch content and browning leaves degree reaching 60.6% and 59.7%. However, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and scopolamine in leaves with bud removal and bud retention treatments were lower than those in conventional treatment, which in bud retention treatment were respectively 9.4%, 8.3% and 9.1% lower compared to conventional treatment. In addition, bud retention harvesting could increase the average price of upper tobacco leaves by 4%.
In this study, 3 harvesting methods including conventional(CK), bud removal(T1) and bud retention(T2) were used to collect upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco K326. The agronomic, chemical, and economic indicators of the upper leaves were meaured to investigate the effect of different harvesting methods on the degree of browning leaf during baking process. The results showed that the total sugar, reducing sugar, starch, dry leaf weight and degree of leaf browning of flue-cured tobacco leaves in bud retention treatment were all lower than those in conventional treatment, the decrease of starch content and browning leaves degree reaching 60.6% and 59.7%. However, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and scopolamine in leaves with bud removal and bud retention treatments were lower than those in conventional treatment, which in bud retention treatment were respectively 9.4%, 8.3% and 9.1% lower compared to conventional treatment. In addition, bud retention harvesting could increase the average price of upper tobacco leaves by 4%.
引文
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[2]董维杰.烤烟烟叶淀粉含量与其质量关系研究[D].青岛:中国农业科学院烟草研究所,2016.
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[11]宫长荣,袁红涛,陈江华.烤烟烘烤过程中烟叶淀粉酶活性变化及色素降解规律的研究[J].中国烟草学报,2002,8(2):16–20.
[12]何承刚.烤烟新品种K326不同采收方式和采收时期对上部叶产量和品质的影响研究[J].种子,2005,24(6):75–76.
[13]徐增汉,王能如,王书茂,等.不同采收方式对烤烟上部叶烘烤质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2001,29(5):660–662.
[14]蔡宪杰,王信民,尹启生.采收成熟度对烤烟淀粉含量影响的初步研究[J].烟草科技,2005(2):38–40.
[15]宫长荣,刘霞,郭瑞,等.淀粉代谢及影响烤烟淀粉含量的因素[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2006,21(6):742–748.
[16]黄石旺,周向平,王兵万,等.两类烟草抑芽剂田间抑芽效果[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,31(2):156–158.
[17]刘道德.不同采收方式对烤烟上部叶质量的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[18]徐晓燕,孙五三,王能如.烟草多酚类化合物的合成与烟叶品质的关系[J].中国烟草科学,2003,24(1):3–5.
[2]董维杰.烤烟烟叶淀粉含量与其质量关系研究[D].青岛:中国农业科学院烟草研究所,2016.
[3]杨振智,董安玮,宋朝阳,等.不同海拔下烤烟叶片化学成分的代谢规律研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(25):12423–12426.
[4]王德华.优质烤烟施肥、采收和烘烤关键技术研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.
[5]杨胜华.上部挂灰烟形成原因及防止对策[J].现代农业科技,2014(15):68,70.
[6]朱小茜,徐晓燕,黄义德,等.多酚类物质对烟草品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(10):1910–1911.
[7]陈致丽.烟叶挂灰的原因及解决方法[J].福建农业,2012(8):26.
[8]杨晔.烤后烟叶挂灰的原因与防止烟叶挂灰的途径[J].安徽农业科学,2014,5(19):6367–6369.
[9]王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤,等.烟草化学品质分析法[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1990.
[10]YC/T161—2002烟草及烟草制品[S].
[11]宫长荣,袁红涛,陈江华.烤烟烘烤过程中烟叶淀粉酶活性变化及色素降解规律的研究[J].中国烟草学报,2002,8(2):16–20.
[12]何承刚.烤烟新品种K326不同采收方式和采收时期对上部叶产量和品质的影响研究[J].种子,2005,24(6):75–76.
[13]徐增汉,王能如,王书茂,等.不同采收方式对烤烟上部叶烘烤质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2001,29(5):660–662.
[14]蔡宪杰,王信民,尹启生.采收成熟度对烤烟淀粉含量影响的初步研究[J].烟草科技,2005(2):38–40.
[15]宫长荣,刘霞,郭瑞,等.淀粉代谢及影响烤烟淀粉含量的因素[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2006,21(6):742–748.
[16]黄石旺,周向平,王兵万,等.两类烟草抑芽剂田间抑芽效果[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,31(2):156–158.
[17]刘道德.不同采收方式对烤烟上部叶质量的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[18]徐晓燕,孙五三,王能如.烟草多酚类化合物的合成与烟叶品质的关系[J].中国烟草科学,2003,24(1):3–5.