采煤塌陷区生态修复实践探索、经验借鉴与路径创新研究——以淮南市采煤塌陷区为例
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摘要
煤炭开采后形成的采煤塌陷区给地区发展造成生态环境恶劣和经济增速变缓的双重压力,生态修复势在必行,作为基础工程的制度建设不可欠缺。论文以安徽省淮南市采煤塌陷区生态修复模式为例,基于制度经济学的视角,发现其在制度层面主要存在法律体系和管理机构不健全、制度强制力欠缺、社会参与度不足、资金不足且管理低效、环评真实性待加强等不足。在国外发达国家生态修复制度的基础上,从制度设计、制度执行、制度监管三个方面进一步探讨中国采煤塌陷区生态修复制度路径创新。
The coal mining subsidence area formed after coal mining has caused the dual pressure of poor ecological environment and slower economic growth for the development of the area. Ecological restoration is imperative and it is indispensable for the system construction of basic projects. This paper takes the ecological restoration model of coal mining subsidence area in Huainan City of Anhui Province as an example, based on the perspective of institutional economics, it is found that in the system level, there are mainly deficiencies such as the incompleteness of the legal system and management institutions, the lack of institutional coercive power, the lack of social participation, the lack of funds, low management efficiency, and the need to strengthen the authenticity of the environmental assessment. On the basis of the ecological restoration system in developed countries, we will further explore the innovation of the ecological restoration system in coal mining subsidence areas in terms of system design, system implementation, and system supervision.
The coal mining subsidence area formed after coal mining has caused the dual pressure of poor ecological environment and slower economic growth for the development of the area. Ecological restoration is imperative and it is indispensable for the system construction of basic projects. This paper takes the ecological restoration model of coal mining subsidence area in Huainan City of Anhui Province as an example, based on the perspective of institutional economics, it is found that in the system level, there are mainly deficiencies such as the incompleteness of the legal system and management institutions, the lack of institutional coercive power, the lack of social participation, the lack of funds, low management efficiency, and the need to strengthen the authenticity of the environmental assessment. On the basis of the ecological restoration system in developed countries, we will further explore the innovation of the ecological restoration system in coal mining subsidence areas in terms of system design, system implementation, and system supervision.
引文
[1]唐孝辉.山西采煤沉陷区现状、危害及治理[J].生态经济,2016(2):6-9.
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[16]李挚萍.环境修复法律制度探析[J].法学评论,2013(2):103-109.
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[18]宋蕾.美国土地复垦基金对中国废弃矿山修复治理的启示[J].经济问题探索,2010(4):87-90.
[19]汪劲.论生态补偿的概念--以《生态补偿条例》草案的立法解释为背景[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2014(1):137-139.
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[21]冯春涛,郑娟尔.矿山地质环境治理恢复鼓励政策设计研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014(3):48-51.
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[23]POGACNIK T.Notice of Availability of the Clear Creek Management Area Proposed Resource Management Plan and Final Environmental Impact Statement,California[J].Federal Register,2013,32(9):38-41.
[2]LUBCHENCO J,OLSON A M,BRUBAKER L B,et al.The sustainable biosphere initiative:An ecological research agenda.A report from the Ecological Society of America.[J].Ecology,1991,72(2):371-410.
[3]CAIRNS J J.The Recovery Process in Damaged Ecosystems[M].Ann Arbor Science Publishers,1980.
[4]HOBBS R J,NORTON D.Towards a conceptual framework of restoration ecology[J].Restoration Ecology,1996,4(2):93-96.
[5]MORAN C J.International Council on Mining and Metals launched[J].Restoration Ecology,2009,4(2):88-91.
[6]SODERHOLM K,SODERHOLM P.Environmental regulation and competitiveness in the mining industry:Permitting processes with special focus on Finland,Sweden and Russia[J].Resources Policy,2015,43(3):130-142.
[7]GITLER S.Settling the Tradeoffs between Voluntary Cleanup of Contaminated Sites and Cooperation with the Government under CERCLA[J].Ecology Law Quarterly,2008,35(3):337-361.(下转第59页)
[8]邓小芳.中国典型矿区生态修复研究综述[J].林业经济,2015(7):14-19.
[9]中科,赵景逵,朱荫湄.试论矿区生态重建[J].自然资源学报,1999(1):36-42.
[10]段德亮.我国土地复垦形势与政策建议[J].中国土地,1997(12):19-21.
[11]陈龙乾,邓喀中,徐黎华,等.矿区复垦土壤质量评价方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999(5):449-452.
[12]卞正富,张国良.矿山复垦土壤生产力指数的修正模型[J].土壤学报,2000(1):124-130.
[13]张新时.关于生态重建和生态恢复的思辨及其科学涵义与发展途径[J].植物生态学报,2010(5):113-115.
[14]吴鹏.论生态修复的基本内涵及其制度完善[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2016(8):628-632.
[15]吴鹏.浅析生态修复的法律定义[J].环境与可持续发展,2011(3):63-65.
[16]李挚萍.环境修复法律制度探析[J].法学评论,2013(2):103-109.
[17]吴鹏.论采煤塌陷区生态修复法律制度的完善--以淮南市采煤塌陷区为例[J].资源科学,2013(2):455-461.
[18]宋蕾.美国土地复垦基金对中国废弃矿山修复治理的启示[J].经济问题探索,2010(4):87-90.
[19]汪劲.论生态补偿的概念--以《生态补偿条例》草案的立法解释为背景[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2014(1):137-139.
[20]王干,白明旭.中国矿区生态补偿资金来源机制和对策探讨[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(5):75-82.
[21]冯春涛,郑娟尔.矿山地质环境治理恢复鼓励政策设计研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014(3):48-51.
[22]刘华.论我国环境影响评价制度监督职能的缺失[C]//中国环境资源法学研究会、中山大学.生态文明法制建设--2014年全国环境资源法学研讨会(年会)论文集(第三册).中国环境资源法学研究会、中山大学,2014:38-42.
[23]POGACNIK T.Notice of Availability of the Clear Creek Management Area Proposed Resource Management Plan and Final Environmental Impact Statement,California[J].Federal Register,2013,32(9):38-41.