基于鲁棒自适应最小方差信号无畸变响应波束形成的高密度数据室内组合方法研究
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摘要
当单点高密度采集数据一致性处理不完全时,均匀加权的室内组合会导致地震数据高频信息的损失。从波束形成理论的角度引入余弦窗、汉明窗、布莱克曼窗,通过调节权重矢量减小组合对数据的影响,考虑到窗函数作为权重矢量对数据的适应性较弱,进一步研究了基于主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)的鲁棒自适应最小方差信号无畸变响应(minimum variance distortionless response,MVDR)加权组合。Marmousi2模型正演模拟数据测试结果表明:相比于均匀加权组合,基于PCA的鲁棒自适应MVDR加权组合实现了信号保真与信噪比的有效统一,对深层地震数据信号的保护作用更为明显,信噪比也得到进一步提高。研究成果丰富了单点高密度地震数据的室内组合技术,拓宽了理论研究思路。
Processing inconsistency of single-point high-density seismic data could result in the loss of high frequencies of the highdensity seismic data due to the uniformly weighted indoor array.We use beamforming theory to develop two beamforming algorithms and apply them to indoor array processing of high-density seismic data.To decrease the effect of the array on the data,we first adjust the weight vector using Cosine,Hamming,and Blackman windows.Second,we investigate the use of the robust adaptive Minimum Variance Distortionless Response(MVDR)weighted array method based on Principal Component Analysis(PCA),since window function as the weight vector has weak adaptability to the data.The test results of Marmousi2 model data show that the robust adaptive MVDR weighted array method based on PCA results in signal fidelity,improves the SNR,and protects the deep seismic data signal more effectively than the uniformly weighted indoor array method.Our results showed that the proposed method is effective at processing indoor array single-point high-density seismic data.
Processing inconsistency of single-point high-density seismic data could result in the loss of high frequencies of the highdensity seismic data due to the uniformly weighted indoor array.We use beamforming theory to develop two beamforming algorithms and apply them to indoor array processing of high-density seismic data.To decrease the effect of the array on the data,we first adjust the weight vector using Cosine,Hamming,and Blackman windows.Second,we investigate the use of the robust adaptive Minimum Variance Distortionless Response(MVDR)weighted array method based on Principal Component Analysis(PCA),since window function as the weight vector has weak adaptability to the data.The test results of Marmousi2 model data show that the robust adaptive MVDR weighted array method based on PCA results in signal fidelity,improves the SNR,and protects the deep seismic data signal more effectively than the uniformly weighted indoor array method.Our results showed that the proposed method is effective at processing indoor array single-point high-density seismic data.
引文
[1]刘欣欣,吴国忱,梁锴.单点高密度地震勘探技术研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1354-1366LIU X X,WU G C,LIANG K.The review of pointsource/point-receiver high density seismic exploration technology[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(4):1354-1366
[2]钱荣钧.关于地震采集空间采样密度和均匀性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):235-243QIAN R J.Analysis on spatial sampling density and uniformity of seismic acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2):235-243
[3]李燕燕,赵殿栋,于世焕,等.中石化陆上地震采集技术现状与发展趋势[J].石油物探,2013,52(4):363-371LI Y Y,ZHAO D D,YU S H,et al.Status and trend on land seismic acquisition technique of SINOPEC[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(4):363-371
[4]曲寿利.高密度三维地震技术——老油区二次勘探的关键技术之一[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):557-562QU S L.High-density 3-D seismic technique:one of the key technique of the secondary exploration in old oil region[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(6):557-562
[5]曹务祥.单道接收地震资料的室内组合方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):615-618CAO W X.Indoor array for unite single trace receiving seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(6):615-618
[6]杨贵祥,杨振升,仲伯军.单点单分量高密度地震采集技术及应用[J].油气藏评价与开发,2011,1(3):12-18YANG G X,YANG Z S,ZHONG B J.Single-point and single-component high density seismic acquisition technology and its application[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2011,1(3):12-18
[7]杨照海,凡正才,赵前华.单点数字检波器道组合技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊2):88-93YANG Z H,FAN Z C,ZHAO Q H.Overlapping technique of single-point digital geophone[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(S2):88-93
[8]CAI X L,LIU X W,DENG C Y,et al.Characteristics analysis on high density spatial sampling seismic data[J].Applied Geophysics,2006,3(1):48-54
[9]冯刚,毕丽飞,李建明,等.单点数字检波器地震资料特点及处理对策[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊2):115-120FENG G,BI L F,LI J M,et al.Seismic data character of single-point digital geophone and processing strategy[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(S2):115-120
[10]于世焕,赵殿栋,于晨.数字检波器单点地震采集与组合接收对比试验[J].石油物探,2012,51(3):280-284YU S H,ZHAO D D,YU C.Comparative experiment on digital geophone single point and array receiving in the seismic acquisition[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,51(3):280-284
[11]张永刚,王赟,尹军杰.单点高密度地震数据处理分析与初步评价[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):201-207ZHANG Y G,WANG Y,YIN J J.Single point high density seismic data processing analysis and initial evaluation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(2):201-207
[12]胡莲莲,叶树刚,芦俊,等.关于单点高密度地震数据的室内组合分析[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(6):2115-2124HU L L,YE S G,LU J,et al.Analysis of indoor combination of Q-Land seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(6):2115-2124
[13]黄锐.川东北碳酸盐岩地区地震勘探技术难点与对策[J].石油物探,2008,47(5):476-482HUANG R.Technical difficulties in and countermeasures for seismic exploration in the carbonate area of northeast Sichuan basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(5):476-482
[14]郭念民,陈猛,崔永福,等.碳酸盐岩储层单点高密度采集三维地震勘探实例[J].石油物探,2016,55(6):771-780GUO N M,CHEN M,CUI Y F,et al.The application of single-point high-density seismic acquisition for carbonate reservoir 3Dseismic exploration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(6):771-780
[15]李明生,李雅楠,董文波.辽河青龙台地区高密度全数字三维地震采集技术及效果[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):106-112LI M S,LI Y N,DONG W B.High-density digital 3D seismic acquisition technology and its application results in Qinglongtai area,Liaohe Oilfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):106-112
[16]孙成禹,孙甜甜,彭洪超,等.单点地震数据的一致性组合叠加方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(S1):23-28SUN C Y,SUN T T,PENG H C,et al.Consistent array stacking method for single point seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(S1):23-28
[17]刘志鹏,赵伟,张云鹏.海上高密度地震数据数字组合方法研究与应用[J].中国海上油气,2013,25(5):21-25LIU Z P,ZHAO W,ZHANG Y P.A research and application of the digital grouping methods for offshore high-density seismic data[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2013,25(5):21-25
[18]杨益新.声呐波束形成与波束域高分辨方位估计技术研究[D].陕西西安:西北工业大学,2002YANG Y X.Studies on beamforming and beamspace high resolution bearing estimation techniques in sonar systems[D].Xi’an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,2002
[19]蓝阳,孙成禹,邵婕.基于波束形成理论的组合检波技术研究[J].石油物探,2015,54(5):493-500LAN Y,SUN C Y,SHAO J.The geophone array design based on beam-forming[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(5):493-500
[20]郭伟.水下监测系统中目标探测若干关键技术研究[D].湖南长沙:国防科学技术大学,2011GUO W.Research on key methods of target detecting for underwater monitoring system[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2011
[21]VAN TREES H L.Optimum array processing,partⅣof detection estimation,and modulation[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,2002:1-1443
[22]PANEA I,DRIJKONINGEN G.The spatial data-adaptive minimum-variance distortionless-response beamformer on seismic single-sensor data[J].Geophysics,2008,73(5):Q29-Q42
[23]SHAHBAZPANAHI S,GERSHMAN A B,LUO Z Q,et al.Robust adaptive beamforming for general-rank signal models[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2003,51(9):2257-2269
[24]武莹,陆从德,杜兴忠,等.主成分分析在航空瞬变电磁去噪中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2014,36(2):170-176WU Y,LU C D,DU X Z,et al.A denoising method based on principal component analysis for airborne transient electromagnetic data[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,36(2):170-176
[25]陈斌,陆从德,刘光鼎.基于核主成分分析的时间域航空电磁去噪方法[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(1):295-302CHEN B,LU C D,LIU G D.A denoising method based on kernel principal component analysis for airborne time domain electromagnetic data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(1):295-302
[26]STOICA P,LI J,ZHU X,et al.On using a priori knowledge in space-time adaptive processing[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2008,56(6):2598-2602
[27]孙成禹,李振春.地震波动力学基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:1-197SUN C Y,LI Z C.The base of seismic wave dynamics[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press:1-197
[2]钱荣钧.关于地震采集空间采样密度和均匀性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):235-243QIAN R J.Analysis on spatial sampling density and uniformity of seismic acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2):235-243
[3]李燕燕,赵殿栋,于世焕,等.中石化陆上地震采集技术现状与发展趋势[J].石油物探,2013,52(4):363-371LI Y Y,ZHAO D D,YU S H,et al.Status and trend on land seismic acquisition technique of SINOPEC[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(4):363-371
[4]曲寿利.高密度三维地震技术——老油区二次勘探的关键技术之一[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):557-562QU S L.High-density 3-D seismic technique:one of the key technique of the secondary exploration in old oil region[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(6):557-562
[5]曹务祥.单道接收地震资料的室内组合方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):615-618CAO W X.Indoor array for unite single trace receiving seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(6):615-618
[6]杨贵祥,杨振升,仲伯军.单点单分量高密度地震采集技术及应用[J].油气藏评价与开发,2011,1(3):12-18YANG G X,YANG Z S,ZHONG B J.Single-point and single-component high density seismic acquisition technology and its application[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2011,1(3):12-18
[7]杨照海,凡正才,赵前华.单点数字检波器道组合技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊2):88-93YANG Z H,FAN Z C,ZHAO Q H.Overlapping technique of single-point digital geophone[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(S2):88-93
[8]CAI X L,LIU X W,DENG C Y,et al.Characteristics analysis on high density spatial sampling seismic data[J].Applied Geophysics,2006,3(1):48-54
[9]冯刚,毕丽飞,李建明,等.单点数字检波器地震资料特点及处理对策[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊2):115-120FENG G,BI L F,LI J M,et al.Seismic data character of single-point digital geophone and processing strategy[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(S2):115-120
[10]于世焕,赵殿栋,于晨.数字检波器单点地震采集与组合接收对比试验[J].石油物探,2012,51(3):280-284YU S H,ZHAO D D,YU C.Comparative experiment on digital geophone single point and array receiving in the seismic acquisition[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,51(3):280-284
[11]张永刚,王赟,尹军杰.单点高密度地震数据处理分析与初步评价[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):201-207ZHANG Y G,WANG Y,YIN J J.Single point high density seismic data processing analysis and initial evaluation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(2):201-207
[12]胡莲莲,叶树刚,芦俊,等.关于单点高密度地震数据的室内组合分析[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(6):2115-2124HU L L,YE S G,LU J,et al.Analysis of indoor combination of Q-Land seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(6):2115-2124
[13]黄锐.川东北碳酸盐岩地区地震勘探技术难点与对策[J].石油物探,2008,47(5):476-482HUANG R.Technical difficulties in and countermeasures for seismic exploration in the carbonate area of northeast Sichuan basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(5):476-482
[14]郭念民,陈猛,崔永福,等.碳酸盐岩储层单点高密度采集三维地震勘探实例[J].石油物探,2016,55(6):771-780GUO N M,CHEN M,CUI Y F,et al.The application of single-point high-density seismic acquisition for carbonate reservoir 3Dseismic exploration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(6):771-780
[15]李明生,李雅楠,董文波.辽河青龙台地区高密度全数字三维地震采集技术及效果[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):106-112LI M S,LI Y N,DONG W B.High-density digital 3D seismic acquisition technology and its application results in Qinglongtai area,Liaohe Oilfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):106-112
[16]孙成禹,孙甜甜,彭洪超,等.单点地震数据的一致性组合叠加方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(S1):23-28SUN C Y,SUN T T,PENG H C,et al.Consistent array stacking method for single point seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(S1):23-28
[17]刘志鹏,赵伟,张云鹏.海上高密度地震数据数字组合方法研究与应用[J].中国海上油气,2013,25(5):21-25LIU Z P,ZHAO W,ZHANG Y P.A research and application of the digital grouping methods for offshore high-density seismic data[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2013,25(5):21-25
[18]杨益新.声呐波束形成与波束域高分辨方位估计技术研究[D].陕西西安:西北工业大学,2002YANG Y X.Studies on beamforming and beamspace high resolution bearing estimation techniques in sonar systems[D].Xi’an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,2002
[19]蓝阳,孙成禹,邵婕.基于波束形成理论的组合检波技术研究[J].石油物探,2015,54(5):493-500LAN Y,SUN C Y,SHAO J.The geophone array design based on beam-forming[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(5):493-500
[20]郭伟.水下监测系统中目标探测若干关键技术研究[D].湖南长沙:国防科学技术大学,2011GUO W.Research on key methods of target detecting for underwater monitoring system[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2011
[21]VAN TREES H L.Optimum array processing,partⅣof detection estimation,and modulation[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,2002:1-1443
[22]PANEA I,DRIJKONINGEN G.The spatial data-adaptive minimum-variance distortionless-response beamformer on seismic single-sensor data[J].Geophysics,2008,73(5):Q29-Q42
[23]SHAHBAZPANAHI S,GERSHMAN A B,LUO Z Q,et al.Robust adaptive beamforming for general-rank signal models[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2003,51(9):2257-2269
[24]武莹,陆从德,杜兴忠,等.主成分分析在航空瞬变电磁去噪中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2014,36(2):170-176WU Y,LU C D,DU X Z,et al.A denoising method based on principal component analysis for airborne transient electromagnetic data[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,36(2):170-176
[25]陈斌,陆从德,刘光鼎.基于核主成分分析的时间域航空电磁去噪方法[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(1):295-302CHEN B,LU C D,LIU G D.A denoising method based on kernel principal component analysis for airborne time domain electromagnetic data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(1):295-302
[26]STOICA P,LI J,ZHU X,et al.On using a priori knowledge in space-time adaptive processing[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2008,56(6):2598-2602
[27]孙成禹,李振春.地震波动力学基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:1-197SUN C Y,LI Z C.The base of seismic wave dynamics[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press:1-197