中石化下扬子地区油气地震勘探攻关进展及方向
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摘要
中石化下扬子地区油气地震勘探面临着极其复杂的地表条件和复杂的地下构造,地震资料信噪比低、成像效果差,因而该区的油气勘探工作未能取得显著突破。为此,中国石化开展了多轮地震攻关并取得了一些进展,包括基于地震模拟的观测系统优化技术、城镇工业发达区高效地震激发技术、弱反射信号保护与提取技术、深度域速度建模与成像等技术,这些技术的应用提高了资料的信噪比,增强了中、古生界地层的地震反射能量,剖面成像效果明显改善,地震解释发现了一批有利区带及圈闭。钻探结果表明地震资料可靠、准确。下一步地震勘探的主要攻关方向建议开展以满足叠前成像的基于模型正演的观测系统设计研究,继续开展提高地震激发效率研究以及低信噪比复杂构造成像和各向异性处理方法研究等,进一步探索提高下扬子地区地震勘探效果的技术方法。
During seismic exploration,extremely complex surface and underground geologic conditions can be observed in the Lower Yangtze area.Low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) seismic data and poor imaging restricts oil and gas exploration in this area.As a result,SINOPEC conducted several rounds of seismic exploration research that included seismic observation system optimization based on seismic simulation,effective seismic excitation in urbanized industrial developed areas,and extraction of weak reflection signals.Velocity modeling and imaging technology for depth domains as well as other technologies were employed in this research.After these methods were applied,the SNR and imaging were improved,the seismic reflection energy of the Middle and Paleozoic strata were enhanced,and several favorable zones and traps were discovered through seismic interpretation.The accuracy of the seismic data was verified through drilling results.The next phase of this research should be to design an observation system to improve pre-stack imaging,and improve seismic excitation efficiency.In addition,the imaging of complex structures with low SNR and anisotropic processing research should be conducted,and seismic exploration in the Lower Yangtze area should advance.
During seismic exploration,extremely complex surface and underground geologic conditions can be observed in the Lower Yangtze area.Low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) seismic data and poor imaging restricts oil and gas exploration in this area.As a result,SINOPEC conducted several rounds of seismic exploration research that included seismic observation system optimization based on seismic simulation,effective seismic excitation in urbanized industrial developed areas,and extraction of weak reflection signals.Velocity modeling and imaging technology for depth domains as well as other technologies were employed in this research.After these methods were applied,the SNR and imaging were improved,the seismic reflection energy of the Middle and Paleozoic strata were enhanced,and several favorable zones and traps were discovered through seismic interpretation.The accuracy of the seismic data was verified through drilling results.The next phase of this research should be to design an observation system to improve pre-stack imaging,and improve seismic excitation efficiency.In addition,the imaging of complex structures with low SNR and anisotropic processing research should be conducted,and seismic exploration in the Lower Yangtze area should advance.
引文
[1] 王东燕,彭金宁,邱岐,等.下扬子句容地区上古生界油气成藏模式及控制因素[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(5):640-646WANG D Y,PENG J N,QIU Q,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation model and controlling factors in the Upper Paleozoic in Jurong area,Lower Yangtze region[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2017,39(5):640-646
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[3] 罗开平,黄泽光,吕俊祥,等.下扬子区海相盆地改造与成藏关键要素[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(6):713-720LUO K P,HUANG Z G,LV J X,et al.Marine basin reformations and accumulation factors in Lower Yangtze region[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2016,38(6):713-720
[4] 金之钧.下扬子区海相盆地改造与成藏关键要素[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):15-22JIN Z J.Particularity of petroleum exploration on marine carbonate strata in China sedimentary basins[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):15-22
[5] 朱光,刘国生,李双应,等.下扬子地区盆地的“四层楼”结构及其动力学机制[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,23(1):47-52ZHU G,LIU G S,LI S Y,et al.“Four-story” structure of the basins in the Lower Yangtze region and their geodynamic setting[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology,2000,23(1):47-52
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[7] 李林新.南方海相碳酸盐岩油气区地震采集面临的问题和对策[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):529-537LI L X.The problem and countermeasure in seismic survey in southern marine carbonate area of China[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):529-537
[8] 马永生,张建宁,赵培荣,等.物探技术需求分析及攻关方向思考——以中国石化油气勘探为例[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):1-9MA Y S,ZHANG J N,ZHAO P R,et al.Requirement analysis and research direction for the geophysical prospecting technology of SINOPEC[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):1-9
[9] 翟常博.下扬子地区海相地层构造演化特征与海相保存单元评价[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(5):574-581ZHAI C B.Structural evolution of the eastern margin of the Dabie orogenic beltand its influence on the Lower Yangtze marine petroleum accumulation[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),2016,43(5):574-581
[10] 邱旭明.下扬子海相地层地震内幕反射的地质成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(3):397-403QIU X M.Geologic origin of the internal seismic reflection of marine strata in the Lower Yangtze region[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2011,32(3):397-403
[11] 黄东定,陈迎春,唐成鸽,等.黄桥—如皋地区地震采集方法效果分析[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):176-180HUANG D D,CHEN Y C,TANG C G,et al.Seismic data acquisition in Huangqiao-Rugao region[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(2):176-180
[12] 魏冰.下扬子盆地地震采集方法研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2015WEI B.Study on the Seismic Acquisition Method of the Lower Yangtze Basin[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2015
[13] 杨贵祥,贺振华,朱铉.中国南方海相地层下组合地震采集方法研究[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):157-168YANG G X,HE Z H,ZHU X.Research on seismic acquisition methods for lower assemblage of marine strata in south China[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(2):157-168
[14] 陈安定.用MT资料解释苏北地区海相残留地层展布[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):90-93CHEN A D.Interpretation of the distribution of residual marine strata in the north part of Jiangsu province using magnetotelluric sounding data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(1):90-93
[15] 闫相宾,管路平,王世星,等.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统的地震响应特征及预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):828-835YAN X B,GUAN L P,WANG S X,et al.Seismic response characteristics and prediction of carbonate rock fractured-vuggy systems in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2007,28(6):828-835
[16] 杨贵祥.碳酸盐岩裸露区地震勘探采集方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1108-1128YANG G X.The method of seismic exploration in the bare carbonate rock area[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1108-1128
[17] 吕公河.宽线地震勘探观测系统参数对信噪比的影响作用分析探讨[J].石油物探,2013,52(5):495-501LV G H.Discussion on the influence of geometry parameters of wideline seismic survey on S/N[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(5):495-501
[18] 王志,贺振华,黄德济,等.高速屏蔽层下弱反射层地震勘探——广角反射[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):23-27WANG Z,HE Z H,HUANG D J,et al.A seismic survey method for weak reflectors below shielded layer of high velocity:Wide angle reflection[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(5):23-27
[19] 刘财,刘洋,王典,等.均匀倾斜层状地层中地震波球面扩散补偿方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):590-595LIU C,LIU Y,WANG D,et al.A study on seismic wave spherical spreading compensation method in homogeneous tilted bedded formation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(3):590-595
[20] 马学军.叠前深度偏移技术在塔河地区盐下成像中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(3):208-212MA X J.Application of prestack depth migration technology in imaging the subsalt targets in Tahe district[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(3):208-212
[21] 方伍宝,周腾,袁联生,等.叠前深度偏移在复杂地区的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):68-71FANG W B,ZHOU T,YUAN L S,et al.Application of prestack depth migration in complex areas[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(1):68-71
[2] 刘东鹰.苏皖下扬子区中古生界油气勘探方向[J].江汉石油学院学报,2003,25(增刊1):46-47LIU D Y.Target of Meso-Paleozoic hydrocarbon exploration in Jiangsu-Anhui Lower Yangtze region[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2003,25(S1):46-47
[3] 罗开平,黄泽光,吕俊祥,等.下扬子区海相盆地改造与成藏关键要素[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(6):713-720LUO K P,HUANG Z G,LV J X,et al.Marine basin reformations and accumulation factors in Lower Yangtze region[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2016,38(6):713-720
[4] 金之钧.下扬子区海相盆地改造与成藏关键要素[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):15-22JIN Z J.Particularity of petroleum exploration on marine carbonate strata in China sedimentary basins[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):15-22
[5] 朱光,刘国生,李双应,等.下扬子地区盆地的“四层楼”结构及其动力学机制[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,23(1):47-52ZHU G,LIU G S,LI S Y,et al.“Four-story” structure of the basins in the Lower Yangtze region and their geodynamic setting[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology,2000,23(1):47-52
[6] 朱铉.中国南方海相油气区地震勘探中的问题与对策[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(5):317-329ZHU X.Problems of seismic exploration for marine hydrocarbon reservoirs in southern China and some countermeasures[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2008,31(5):317-329
[7] 李林新.南方海相碳酸盐岩油气区地震采集面临的问题和对策[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):529-537LI L X.The problem and countermeasure in seismic survey in southern marine carbonate area of China[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):529-537
[8] 马永生,张建宁,赵培荣,等.物探技术需求分析及攻关方向思考——以中国石化油气勘探为例[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):1-9MA Y S,ZHANG J N,ZHAO P R,et al.Requirement analysis and research direction for the geophysical prospecting technology of SINOPEC[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):1-9
[9] 翟常博.下扬子地区海相地层构造演化特征与海相保存单元评价[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(5):574-581ZHAI C B.Structural evolution of the eastern margin of the Dabie orogenic beltand its influence on the Lower Yangtze marine petroleum accumulation[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),2016,43(5):574-581
[10] 邱旭明.下扬子海相地层地震内幕反射的地质成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(3):397-403QIU X M.Geologic origin of the internal seismic reflection of marine strata in the Lower Yangtze region[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2011,32(3):397-403
[11] 黄东定,陈迎春,唐成鸽,等.黄桥—如皋地区地震采集方法效果分析[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):176-180HUANG D D,CHEN Y C,TANG C G,et al.Seismic data acquisition in Huangqiao-Rugao region[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(2):176-180
[12] 魏冰.下扬子盆地地震采集方法研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2015WEI B.Study on the Seismic Acquisition Method of the Lower Yangtze Basin[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2015
[13] 杨贵祥,贺振华,朱铉.中国南方海相地层下组合地震采集方法研究[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):157-168YANG G X,HE Z H,ZHU X.Research on seismic acquisition methods for lower assemblage of marine strata in south China[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(2):157-168
[14] 陈安定.用MT资料解释苏北地区海相残留地层展布[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):90-93CHEN A D.Interpretation of the distribution of residual marine strata in the north part of Jiangsu province using magnetotelluric sounding data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(1):90-93
[15] 闫相宾,管路平,王世星,等.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统的地震响应特征及预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):828-835YAN X B,GUAN L P,WANG S X,et al.Seismic response characteristics and prediction of carbonate rock fractured-vuggy systems in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2007,28(6):828-835
[16] 杨贵祥.碳酸盐岩裸露区地震勘探采集方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1108-1128YANG G X.The method of seismic exploration in the bare carbonate rock area[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1108-1128
[17] 吕公河.宽线地震勘探观测系统参数对信噪比的影响作用分析探讨[J].石油物探,2013,52(5):495-501LV G H.Discussion on the influence of geometry parameters of wideline seismic survey on S/N[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(5):495-501
[18] 王志,贺振华,黄德济,等.高速屏蔽层下弱反射层地震勘探——广角反射[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):23-27WANG Z,HE Z H,HUANG D J,et al.A seismic survey method for weak reflectors below shielded layer of high velocity:Wide angle reflection[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(5):23-27
[19] 刘财,刘洋,王典,等.均匀倾斜层状地层中地震波球面扩散补偿方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):590-595LIU C,LIU Y,WANG D,et al.A study on seismic wave spherical spreading compensation method in homogeneous tilted bedded formation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(3):590-595
[20] 马学军.叠前深度偏移技术在塔河地区盐下成像中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(3):208-212MA X J.Application of prestack depth migration technology in imaging the subsalt targets in Tahe district[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(3):208-212
[21] 方伍宝,周腾,袁联生,等.叠前深度偏移在复杂地区的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):68-71FANG W B,ZHOU T,YUAN L S,et al.Application of prestack depth migration in complex areas[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(1):68-71