应用缓释氧基质强化生态沟渠对农田排水中氮磷的净化能力
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摘要
考察三种景观挺水植物(风车草、黄菖蒲和梭鱼草)单独、组合种植条件下,某农村改造生态沟渠对农田排水中氮磷的削减水平;在此基础上,研究了缓释氧基质在生态沟渠的应用对农田排水中污染物的削减水平的强化效果。结果表明:改造的生态沟渠运行12 d后,挺水植物单独作用时,黄菖蒲对污染物的净化效果最好,NH_3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别为31.46%、37.58%和57.25%。而挺水植物组合搭配对氮磷削减效果明显低于单一植物作用。与仅配置黄菖蒲的生态沟渠相比,缓释氧基质的布设使黄菖蒲对NH_3-N的削减能力增强了约2倍,而TN、TP的去除效果提升不明显。研究结果为农村自然沟渠改造为生态沟渠提供了新的思路与技术方案。
Reduction of ecological ditch on nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural drainage was introduced by using of single emergent aquatic plant( Cyperus alternifolius L., Iris pseudacorus L., Pontederia cordata L.) and combination in pairs respectively. On the basis of the optimization of aquatic plants, the strengthening effect on farmland drainage purification was studied with the deployment of sustained-release oxygen substrate. The results showed that the highest removal efficiency of NH3-N, TN and TP in farmland drainage was Iris pseudacorus L., accounting for 31. 46%, 37. 58% and 57. 25%, respectively. The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly lower than that of single plant, when the three emergent-aquatic plants were in pairs. Comparing with the ecological ditch only layouted with Iris pseudacorus L., the removal rate of NH_3-N increased about 2 times with the deployment of sustained-release oxygen substrate. Nevertheless, the removal efficiency of TN and TP were not obvious. The results provide new ideas and technical proposal for the transformation of natural ditches into ecological ditches in rural areas.
Reduction of ecological ditch on nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural drainage was introduced by using of single emergent aquatic plant( Cyperus alternifolius L., Iris pseudacorus L., Pontederia cordata L.) and combination in pairs respectively. On the basis of the optimization of aquatic plants, the strengthening effect on farmland drainage purification was studied with the deployment of sustained-release oxygen substrate. The results showed that the highest removal efficiency of NH3-N, TN and TP in farmland drainage was Iris pseudacorus L., accounting for 31. 46%, 37. 58% and 57. 25%, respectively. The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly lower than that of single plant, when the three emergent-aquatic plants were in pairs. Comparing with the ecological ditch only layouted with Iris pseudacorus L., the removal rate of NH_3-N increased about 2 times with the deployment of sustained-release oxygen substrate. Nevertheless, the removal efficiency of TN and TP were not obvious. The results provide new ideas and technical proposal for the transformation of natural ditches into ecological ditches in rural areas.
引文
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[3]杨林,伍斌,赖发英,等.7种典型挺水植物净化生活污水中氮磷的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(3):616-621.
[4]杨长明,顾国泉,邓欢欢,等.风车草和香蒲人工湿地对养殖水体磷的去除作用[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(5):471-475.
[5]陈建军,卢晓明,卢少勇,等.梭鱼草净化黑臭河水的日变化试验研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(12):3585-3589.
[6]薛朝霞,操家顺,赵昌爽,等.一种下凹式绿地的缓释氧材料层及其制备方法:江苏,CN106142318A[P].2016-11-23.
[7]陈国元,甘丽云.不同浓度NH_4~+对黄菖蒲抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].环境科技,2014,27(4):6-9.
[8]吴湘.漂浮栽培植物对富营养化水体中磷的去除效应基因型差异及原因分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[9]韩潇源,宋志文,李培英.高效净化氮磷污水的湿地挺水植物筛选与组合[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(6):741-747.
[10]RICE E L.Allelopathy.2nd ed.[J].Physiological Ecology,1984.
[11]项俊,栗茂腾,吴耿,等.黄淮海湿地系统典型挺水植物对水华藻类的化感效应[J].生态环境学报,2008,17(2):506-510.
[12]唐守寅,孙敏,段文慧,等.新农村建设背景下的沟渠污染治理效果及对策——以湖北省涴市镇为例[J].农业资源与环境学报,2012,29(6):36-39.
[13]STENSTROM M K,PODUSKA R A.The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on nitrification[J].Water Research,1980,14(6):643-649.
[14]王英秀.缓释氧材料制备与抑制底泥磷释放研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2011.
[15]岳舜琳.给水中的氨氮问题[J].净水技术,2001,20(2):12-15.