贵州都匀牛角塘铅锌矿区选矿尾矿中重金属元素分布特征研究
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摘要
在检测贵州都匀牛角塘铅锌矿区尾矿中铅、锌、砷、锑、铊、铬、铜、锰、镍、镉和汞含量的基础上,以贵州省A层土壤背景值为参比,利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染评价法、地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法对矿区尾矿中重金属污染状况进行综合评价。结果表明,矿区6个堆场尾矿突出污染元素为镉、锌,永胜堆场尾矿中突出污染元素为汞、砷、锑。矿区6个堆场尾矿原矿石主要来源于矿区铅锌矿,永胜堆场尾矿的原矿石主要来源于丹寨、独山、榕江一带的汞矿和锑矿。相关性分析说明了尾矿中重金属元素的来源,尾矿金属元素资源再利用意义不大,且潜在环境问题突出。四种方法评价结果一致,均反映矿区尾矿突出污染元素为镉、锌,永胜堆场尾矿突出污染元素为汞、砷、锑。各堆场的综合生态危害指数大小顺序为永胜>陈工>垠垠>山佳>水牛石>狮子洞>振霖,永胜堆场重金属潜在环境污染问题最严重,应当引起环保部门的重视。
The concentrations of Pb,Zn,As,Sb,Tl,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Cd,Hg in tailings samples from Niujiaotang lead-zinc mine area,Duyun city,Guizhou province were analyzed. The pollution characteristics of heavy metals in tailings were evaluated by means of single factor index,nemerow comprehensive index,geoaccumulation index,potential ecological risk index as a reference to the background values of A layer of soil in Guizhou province,respectively. Results show that the prominent pollution elements in lead-zinc mine area are Cd and Zn,and they are Hg,As and Sb in Yongsheng stack. The original ores of mine area tailings stacks mainly are derived from the Niu Jiaotang lead-zinc mine,and the original ores of Yongsheng stack mainly are derived from Mercury mine and antimony mine in Danzhai,Dushan and Rongjiang. The sources of heavy metal elements in tailings are reflected well by correlation analysis,and the metal elements in tailings make little sense to reuse resources,meanwhile,have potential environmental problems. The evaluation results of four methods are consistent,and all reflect that the prominent pollution elements of six mine tailing stacks are Cd and Zn. And they are Hg,As,Sb in Yongsheng stack. The consequence of comprehensive ecological risk indexes in seven stacks is Yongsheng > Chengong > Yinyin > Shanjia > Shuiniushi > Shizidong > Zhenlin. The potential environmental pollution of heavy metals in Yongsheng stack is the most serious, and the environmental protection department should pay attention to it.
The concentrations of Pb,Zn,As,Sb,Tl,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Cd,Hg in tailings samples from Niujiaotang lead-zinc mine area,Duyun city,Guizhou province were analyzed. The pollution characteristics of heavy metals in tailings were evaluated by means of single factor index,nemerow comprehensive index,geoaccumulation index,potential ecological risk index as a reference to the background values of A layer of soil in Guizhou province,respectively. Results show that the prominent pollution elements in lead-zinc mine area are Cd and Zn,and they are Hg,As and Sb in Yongsheng stack. The original ores of mine area tailings stacks mainly are derived from the Niu Jiaotang lead-zinc mine,and the original ores of Yongsheng stack mainly are derived from Mercury mine and antimony mine in Danzhai,Dushan and Rongjiang. The sources of heavy metal elements in tailings are reflected well by correlation analysis,and the metal elements in tailings make little sense to reuse resources,meanwhile,have potential environmental problems. The evaluation results of four methods are consistent,and all reflect that the prominent pollution elements of six mine tailing stacks are Cd and Zn. And they are Hg,As,Sb in Yongsheng stack. The consequence of comprehensive ecological risk indexes in seven stacks is Yongsheng > Chengong > Yinyin > Shanjia > Shuiniushi > Shizidong > Zhenlin. The potential environmental pollution of heavy metals in Yongsheng stack is the most serious, and the environmental protection department should pay attention to it.
引文
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[13]Müller G.Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des RheinsVeranderungen seit 1971[J].Umschau,1979,79:778-783.
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[15]周元祥,岳书仓,周涛发.安徽铜陵杨山冲尾矿库尾砂重金属元素的迁移规律[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(4):497-503.
[16]邢宁,吴平霄,李媛媛,等.大宝山尾矿重金属形态及其潜在迁移能力分析[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(6):1370-1374.
[17]崔斌,朱美霖,姜阳,等.尾矿重金属的释放迁移及其生物有效性研究概述[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(7):12-19.
[2]涂光炽,高振敏,胡瑞忠,等.分散元素地球化学及成矿机制[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[3]叶霖,李朝阳,刘铁庚,等.富镉铅锌矿山的环境影响—以贵州都匀牛角塘矿床为例[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(增刊):456-460.
[4]谷团,李朝阳,李社红,等.贵州牛角塘矿区镉对环境的潜在影响[J].地球与环境,2006,34(1):7-11.
[5]潘自平,叶霖,钟宏,等.富镉铅锌矿床开采过程中水质污染特征—以贵州都匀牛角塘富镉锌矿床为例[J].矿物学报,2008,28(4):401-406.
[6]毛海立,龙成梅,杨艳,等.贵州牛角塘矿区土壤重金属形态分布特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(12):15-19.
[7]吴迪.贵州典型铅锌矿区土壤-植物体系中重金属污染特征研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2010.
[8]孟忠常,吴迪,邓琴,等.贵州典型铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染特征与生态危害风险评价[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(8):218-221.
[9]徐世洋,许刚.都匀牛角塘氧化锌矿石的选矿研究[J].贵州工学院学报,1987,2:77-82.
[10]许刚.贵州都匀牛角塘氧化锌矿石的浮选研究[J].贵州地质,2002,19(4):249-252.
[11]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[12]张洪伟,张国珍,张克江,等.黄河兰州段黄灌区蔬菜大棚土壤重金属含量分析及污染评价[J].土壤通报,2012,43(6):1497-1501.
[13]Müller G.Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des RheinsVeranderungen seit 1971[J].Umschau,1979,79:778-783.
[14]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentlogical approach[J].Water research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[15]周元祥,岳书仓,周涛发.安徽铜陵杨山冲尾矿库尾砂重金属元素的迁移规律[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(4):497-503.
[16]邢宁,吴平霄,李媛媛,等.大宝山尾矿重金属形态及其潜在迁移能力分析[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(6):1370-1374.
[17]崔斌,朱美霖,姜阳,等.尾矿重金属的释放迁移及其生物有效性研究概述[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(7):12-19.