地球化学高背景农田土壤重金属镉的累积效应及环境影响
|
摘要
镉(Cadmium)是自然环境中普遍存在且毒性极强的重金属元素,几乎所有的土壤、地表水和植物体内均含有镉,摄入微量的镉不仅威胁生物个体的生理和健康,而且还对生物种群数量和物种分布产生影响。全球碳酸盐岩出露面积约占陆地面积的12%,沉积岩发育土壤普遍具有镉的地球化学高背景特征,在我国西南地区,工矿业排放、农用化学品投入、污水灌溉等与高背景值叠加,导致农田土壤镉累积严重,点位超标率高,存在一定的农产品安全风险。本文从镉的地球化学高背景成因、土壤镉的地球化学过程和累积效应、环境影响和风险评估等方面阐述农田土壤重金属镉的研究进展,以期对镉地球化学过程机制的深入研究和土壤环境质量管控提供科学参考。
Cadmium( Cd) is known to be both extremely toxic and ubiquitous in natural environment. It occurs almost in all soils,surface waters and plants and is readily mobilized by human activities such as mining.The intake of even trace quantities of cadmium can influence not only the physiology and health of individual organisms but also the demographics and distribution of species.The carbonate rock exposure region account for about 12% of the global land area. The sedimentary rock development soil is generally known to have geochemical high background characteristics of cadmium. In the southwestern part of China,the accumulation of cadmium in the farmland soil is serious,which is resulted from industrial and mining emissions,agricultural chemical inputs,sewage irrigation,etc. superimposed on thegeochemical high background of cadmium. Soil samples from a large number of sites always exceed the national standard of Cd,leading to safety risk of agricultural products. In this paper,we review the research progress on the causes of geochemical high background,geochemical process,accumulative effect,environmental impact and risk assessment of Cd in farmland soil. The reviewwould help with further research on cadmium geochemical process in the environment and provide scientific reference for a comprehensive system of Cd pollution control and remediation.
Cadmium( Cd) is known to be both extremely toxic and ubiquitous in natural environment. It occurs almost in all soils,surface waters and plants and is readily mobilized by human activities such as mining.The intake of even trace quantities of cadmium can influence not only the physiology and health of individual organisms but also the demographics and distribution of species.The carbonate rock exposure region account for about 12% of the global land area. The sedimentary rock development soil is generally known to have geochemical high background characteristics of cadmium. In the southwestern part of China,the accumulation of cadmium in the farmland soil is serious,which is resulted from industrial and mining emissions,agricultural chemical inputs,sewage irrigation,etc. superimposed on thegeochemical high background of cadmium. Soil samples from a large number of sites always exceed the national standard of Cd,leading to safety risk of agricultural products. In this paper,we review the research progress on the causes of geochemical high background,geochemical process,accumulative effect,environmental impact and risk assessment of Cd in farmland soil. The reviewwould help with further research on cadmium geochemical process in the environment and provide scientific reference for a comprehensive system of Cd pollution control and remediation.
引文
[1] James R L,Gene E L,John W F,et al.(2000)Cadmium toxicity among wildlife in the Colorado Rocky Mountains[J]. Nature,2000(406):181-183.
[2]朱立军,李景阳.碳酸盐岩风化成土作用及其环境效应[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[3]何邵麟,龙超林,刘应忠,等.贵州地表土壤及沉积物中镉的地球化学与环境问题[J].贵州地质,2004,21(04):245-253.
[4]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[J].环境教育,2014(6):8-10.
[5]韩存亮.地球化学异常与猪粪施用条件下土壤中镉的分布、有效性与风险控制[D].南京:中国科学院南京土壤研究所,2012.
[6] Lalor GC,Rattray R,Simpson P,et al. Heavy metals in Jamaica. Part 3:the distribution of cadmium in Jamaican soils[J].Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient.,1998,14(1):7-12.
[7]李丽辉,王宝禄.云南省土壤As、Cd元素地球化学特征[J].物探与化探,2008,32(5):497-501.
[8] Quezada-Hinojosa RP,Matera V,Adatte T,et al. Cadmium distribution in soils covering Jurassic oolitic limestone with high Cd contents in the Swiss Jura[J]. Geoderma,2009,150(3-4):287-301.
[9] Rambeau CMC,Baize D,Saby N,et al. High cadmium concentrations in Jurassic limestone as the cause for elevated cadmium levels in deriving soils:a case study in Lower Burgundy,France[J]. Earth and Environmental Science,2010,61(8):1573-1585.
[10]魏复盛,陈静生,吴燕玉.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[11]师淑娟.地球化学异常与矿床规模的关系一以河北省为例[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2011.
[12] Baize D,Sterckeman T. Of the necessity of knowledge of the natural pedo-geochemical background content in the evaluation of the contamination of soils by trace elements[J]. The Science of the Total Environment,2001(264):127-139.
[13]赵伦山,张本仁.地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.
[14]刘意章,肖唐付,宁增平,等.三峡库区巫山建坪地区土壤镉等重金属分布特征及来源研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2390-2398.
[15]成杭新,杨忠芳,赵传冬,等.区域生态地球化学预警:问题与讨论[J].地学前缘,2004,11(2):607-615.
[16]鲁如坤,时正元,熊礼明.我国磷矿磷肥中镉的含量及其对生态环境影响的评价[J].土壤学报,1992,29(2):150-157.
[17]谷团,李朝阳,李社红,等.贵州牛角塘矿区镉对环境的潜在影响[J].地球与环境,2006,34(1):7-12.
[18]叶霖等.镉的地球化学研究现状及展望[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2005,24(4):339-348.
[19]王亚平,裴韬,成杭新,等. B城近郊土壤柱状剖面中重金属元素分布特征研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003(22):144-148.
[20] Beesley L,Moreno-Jiménez E,Clemente R,et al. Mobility of arsenic,cadmium and zinc in a multi-element contaminated soil profile assessed by in-situ soil pore water sampling,column leaching and sequential extraction[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(1):155-160.
[21] Concas S,Ardau C,Di Bonito M,et al. Field sampling of soil pore water to evaluate the mobile fraction of trace elements in the Iglesiente area(SW Sardinia,Italy)[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2015(158):82-94.
[22] Elrashidi M A,Seybold C A,Wysocki DA. Effects of annual precipitation on heavy metals inrunoff from soils in the US great plains[J]. Water,Air&Soil Pollution,2015(226):417.
[23] Wang W X,Dei RCH.Effects of major nutrient additions on metal uptake in phytoplankton[J]. Environmental Pollution,2001,111(2):233-240.
[24]刘鸿雁,邢丹,肖玖军,等.铅锌矿渣场植被自然演替与基质的交互效应[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(12):3217-3224.
[25]邢丹,刘鸿雁,于萍萍,等.黔西北铅锌矿区植物群落分布及其对重金属的迁移特征[J].生态学报,2012,32(3):796-804.
[26]周俊,刘鸿雁,吴龙华,等.不同Hg浓度下水稻中Hg的分布累积特征[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(6),1532-1538.
[27]朱恒亮,刘鸿雁,何天容,等.贵州省典型污染区土壤重金属的污染特征分析[J].地球与环境,2014,42(4):505-512.
[28]龙家寰,刘鸿雁,何天容,等.贵州省典型污染区土壤中镉的空间分布及影响机制[J].土壤通报,2014,45(5):1252-1259.
[29] Zhou J,Hongyan L,Buyun B et al. Influence of soil mercury concentration and fraction on bioaccumulation process of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,8(22):6144-6154.
[30]徐梦,刘鸿雁,罗凯,等.夜郎湖表层沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评估,农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1202-1209.
[31]刘艳萍,刘鸿雁,吴龙华,等.贵阳市某蔬菜地养殖废水污灌土壤重金属、抗生素复合污染研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):1074-1082.
[32]赵志鹏,邢丹,刘鸿雁,等.典型黄壤和石灰土对Cd的吸附解吸特性[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(6):83-86.
[33] Ye L,Liu T G. Simulating experiment on soaking and leaching of Cd in the Niujiaotang Cd-rich Zn deposit,Guizhou Province,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(2):190-192.
[34] Kumpiene J,Giagnoni L,Marschner B,et al. Assessment of methods for determining bioavailability of trace elements in soils:A review[J].Pedosphere,2017,27(3):389-406.
[35] Shaw S C,Gorat L A,Jambor J L,et al. Mineralogical study of base metal tailings with various sufide contents,oxidized in laboratory columns and field lysimeters[J].Environmental Geology,1998,33(2/3):209-217.
[36] Mcgrath S P,Lombi E,Gray C W,et al. Field evaluation of Cd and Zn Phytoextraction potential by the hyperaccumulators Thlaspi caerulescens and Arabidopsis halleri[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,141(1):115-125.
[37]周启星,宋玉芳.污染土壤修复原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[38]张良运,李恋卿,潘根兴.南方典型产地大米Cd、Zn、Se含量变异及其健康风险探讨[J].环境科学,2009,30(9)2792-2797.
[39] C. WATERLOT,G. BIDAR,A. PELFRENE,et al. Contamination,Fractionation and Availability of Metals in Urban Soils in the Vicinity of Former Lead and Zinc Smelters,France[J].Pedosphere,2013,23(2):143-159.
[40]唐豆豆,袁旭音,汪宜敏,等.地质高背景农田土壤中水稻对重金属的富集特征及风险预测[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(1):18-26.
[2]朱立军,李景阳.碳酸盐岩风化成土作用及其环境效应[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[3]何邵麟,龙超林,刘应忠,等.贵州地表土壤及沉积物中镉的地球化学与环境问题[J].贵州地质,2004,21(04):245-253.
[4]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[J].环境教育,2014(6):8-10.
[5]韩存亮.地球化学异常与猪粪施用条件下土壤中镉的分布、有效性与风险控制[D].南京:中国科学院南京土壤研究所,2012.
[6] Lalor GC,Rattray R,Simpson P,et al. Heavy metals in Jamaica. Part 3:the distribution of cadmium in Jamaican soils[J].Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient.,1998,14(1):7-12.
[7]李丽辉,王宝禄.云南省土壤As、Cd元素地球化学特征[J].物探与化探,2008,32(5):497-501.
[8] Quezada-Hinojosa RP,Matera V,Adatte T,et al. Cadmium distribution in soils covering Jurassic oolitic limestone with high Cd contents in the Swiss Jura[J]. Geoderma,2009,150(3-4):287-301.
[9] Rambeau CMC,Baize D,Saby N,et al. High cadmium concentrations in Jurassic limestone as the cause for elevated cadmium levels in deriving soils:a case study in Lower Burgundy,France[J]. Earth and Environmental Science,2010,61(8):1573-1585.
[10]魏复盛,陈静生,吴燕玉.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[11]师淑娟.地球化学异常与矿床规模的关系一以河北省为例[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2011.
[12] Baize D,Sterckeman T. Of the necessity of knowledge of the natural pedo-geochemical background content in the evaluation of the contamination of soils by trace elements[J]. The Science of the Total Environment,2001(264):127-139.
[13]赵伦山,张本仁.地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.
[14]刘意章,肖唐付,宁增平,等.三峡库区巫山建坪地区土壤镉等重金属分布特征及来源研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2390-2398.
[15]成杭新,杨忠芳,赵传冬,等.区域生态地球化学预警:问题与讨论[J].地学前缘,2004,11(2):607-615.
[16]鲁如坤,时正元,熊礼明.我国磷矿磷肥中镉的含量及其对生态环境影响的评价[J].土壤学报,1992,29(2):150-157.
[17]谷团,李朝阳,李社红,等.贵州牛角塘矿区镉对环境的潜在影响[J].地球与环境,2006,34(1):7-12.
[18]叶霖等.镉的地球化学研究现状及展望[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2005,24(4):339-348.
[19]王亚平,裴韬,成杭新,等. B城近郊土壤柱状剖面中重金属元素分布特征研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003(22):144-148.
[20] Beesley L,Moreno-Jiménez E,Clemente R,et al. Mobility of arsenic,cadmium and zinc in a multi-element contaminated soil profile assessed by in-situ soil pore water sampling,column leaching and sequential extraction[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(1):155-160.
[21] Concas S,Ardau C,Di Bonito M,et al. Field sampling of soil pore water to evaluate the mobile fraction of trace elements in the Iglesiente area(SW Sardinia,Italy)[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2015(158):82-94.
[22] Elrashidi M A,Seybold C A,Wysocki DA. Effects of annual precipitation on heavy metals inrunoff from soils in the US great plains[J]. Water,Air&Soil Pollution,2015(226):417.
[23] Wang W X,Dei RCH.Effects of major nutrient additions on metal uptake in phytoplankton[J]. Environmental Pollution,2001,111(2):233-240.
[24]刘鸿雁,邢丹,肖玖军,等.铅锌矿渣场植被自然演替与基质的交互效应[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(12):3217-3224.
[25]邢丹,刘鸿雁,于萍萍,等.黔西北铅锌矿区植物群落分布及其对重金属的迁移特征[J].生态学报,2012,32(3):796-804.
[26]周俊,刘鸿雁,吴龙华,等.不同Hg浓度下水稻中Hg的分布累积特征[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(6),1532-1538.
[27]朱恒亮,刘鸿雁,何天容,等.贵州省典型污染区土壤重金属的污染特征分析[J].地球与环境,2014,42(4):505-512.
[28]龙家寰,刘鸿雁,何天容,等.贵州省典型污染区土壤中镉的空间分布及影响机制[J].土壤通报,2014,45(5):1252-1259.
[29] Zhou J,Hongyan L,Buyun B et al. Influence of soil mercury concentration and fraction on bioaccumulation process of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,8(22):6144-6154.
[30]徐梦,刘鸿雁,罗凯,等.夜郎湖表层沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评估,农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1202-1209.
[31]刘艳萍,刘鸿雁,吴龙华,等.贵阳市某蔬菜地养殖废水污灌土壤重金属、抗生素复合污染研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):1074-1082.
[32]赵志鹏,邢丹,刘鸿雁,等.典型黄壤和石灰土对Cd的吸附解吸特性[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(6):83-86.
[33] Ye L,Liu T G. Simulating experiment on soaking and leaching of Cd in the Niujiaotang Cd-rich Zn deposit,Guizhou Province,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(2):190-192.
[34] Kumpiene J,Giagnoni L,Marschner B,et al. Assessment of methods for determining bioavailability of trace elements in soils:A review[J].Pedosphere,2017,27(3):389-406.
[35] Shaw S C,Gorat L A,Jambor J L,et al. Mineralogical study of base metal tailings with various sufide contents,oxidized in laboratory columns and field lysimeters[J].Environmental Geology,1998,33(2/3):209-217.
[36] Mcgrath S P,Lombi E,Gray C W,et al. Field evaluation of Cd and Zn Phytoextraction potential by the hyperaccumulators Thlaspi caerulescens and Arabidopsis halleri[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,141(1):115-125.
[37]周启星,宋玉芳.污染土壤修复原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[38]张良运,李恋卿,潘根兴.南方典型产地大米Cd、Zn、Se含量变异及其健康风险探讨[J].环境科学,2009,30(9)2792-2797.
[39] C. WATERLOT,G. BIDAR,A. PELFRENE,et al. Contamination,Fractionation and Availability of Metals in Urban Soils in the Vicinity of Former Lead and Zinc Smelters,France[J].Pedosphere,2013,23(2):143-159.
[40]唐豆豆,袁旭音,汪宜敏,等.地质高背景农田土壤中水稻对重金属的富集特征及风险预测[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(1):18-26.