长株潭城市群重金属水污染排放时空特征与成因分析
|
摘要
以探明长株潭城市群工业废水重金属污染情况为目的,基于2002-2015年三市工业废水重金属排放和矿业经济面板数据,运用等标污染负荷法及回归分析方法阐述了重金属水污染物排放的年际变化与空间特征,定量解析了长株潭城市群工业重金属排放的成因。研究表明,长株潭城市群工业废水重金属排放总体下降,等标排放量从高到低依次为:Hg、Cd、Pb、As、Cr;株洲是Hg、Cd和As的主要排放区域;湘潭是Cr、Pb和As的主要排放区;长沙不再是工业废水重金属污染排放的主要区域;三市矿业总产值、利润总额及从业人数对重金属排放的影响显著为负,能源耗用与重金属排放呈显著正向驱动关系,因此建议继续调整矿山产业结构、大力推进矿业领域科技创新,推进绿色矿业发展。
In order to investigate the heavy metal pollution of industry wastewater in Chang-zhu-tan Urban Agglomeration,based on the panel-data of mining economy and the heavy metal emissions of industrial wastewater in the three cities from 2002 to 2015,the equivalent pollution load method and regression analysis are used to describe the inter-annual variation and spatial characteristics of the heavy metal water pollution emissions,and the causes of industrial heavy metal emissions in the Chang-Zhu-tan Urban Agglomeration are analyzed quantitatively.The results show that the heavy metal emissions of industrial wastewater of Chang-zhu-tan Urban Agglomeration decrease generally.The order of emissions from high to low is Hg,Cd,Pb,As,Cr;the main emission of Hg,Cd and As are mainly concentrated in Zhuzhou;the main emission of Cr,Pb and As are mainly concentrated in Xiangtan;Changsha is no longer the main area for heavy metal pollution discharge of industrial waste water.The total mining output value,total profit,and number of employees of the three cities have a significantly negative impact on heavy metal emissions,and the energy consumption and heavy metal emissions have a remarkably positive driving relationship.It is recommended to continue to adjust the mining industry structure,vigorously promote the technological innovation in mining field,and promote the development of green mining.
In order to investigate the heavy metal pollution of industry wastewater in Chang-zhu-tan Urban Agglomeration,based on the panel-data of mining economy and the heavy metal emissions of industrial wastewater in the three cities from 2002 to 2015,the equivalent pollution load method and regression analysis are used to describe the inter-annual variation and spatial characteristics of the heavy metal water pollution emissions,and the causes of industrial heavy metal emissions in the Chang-Zhu-tan Urban Agglomeration are analyzed quantitatively.The results show that the heavy metal emissions of industrial wastewater of Chang-zhu-tan Urban Agglomeration decrease generally.The order of emissions from high to low is Hg,Cd,Pb,As,Cr;the main emission of Hg,Cd and As are mainly concentrated in Zhuzhou;the main emission of Cr,Pb and As are mainly concentrated in Xiangtan;Changsha is no longer the main area for heavy metal pollution discharge of industrial waste water.The total mining output value,total profit,and number of employees of the three cities have a significantly negative impact on heavy metal emissions,and the energy consumption and heavy metal emissions have a remarkably positive driving relationship.It is recommended to continue to adjust the mining industry structure,vigorously promote the technological innovation in mining field,and promote the development of green mining.
引文
[1]刘耀驰,高粟,李志光,等.湘江重金属污染现状、污染原因及对策探讨[J].环境保护科学,2010,36(4):26-29.LIU Yaochi,GAO Li,LI Zhiguang,et al.Analysis on heavy metal pollution status and reasons in Xiangjiang River and discussion on its countermeasures[J].Environmental Protection Science,2010,36(4):26-29.
[2]何甜,帅红,朱翔.长株潭城市群污染空间识别与污染分布研究[J].地理科学,2016,36(7):1081-1090.HE Tian,SHUAI Hong,ZHU Xiang.Pollution space recognition and pollution distribution of ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(7):1081-1090.
[3]吴佳,纪雄辉,朱坚,等.长株潭地区水环境重金属污染健康风险评价[J].湖南农业科学,2018,(1):64-68.WU Jia,JI Xionghui,ZHU Jian,et al.Health risk assessment of water heavy mental pollution in ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan region[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2018,(1):64-68.
[4]周建军,周桔,冯仁国.我国土壤重金属污染现状及治理战略[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(3):315-320.ZHOU Jianjun,ZHOU Ju,FENG Renguo.Status of China's heavy metal contamination in soil and its remediation strategy[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014,29(03):315-320.
[5]秦樊鑫,魏朝富,李红梅.重金属污染土壤修复技术综述与展望[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(增刊2):199-208.QIN Fanxin,WEI Chaofu,LI Hongmei.Current research in remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,38(增刊2):199-208.
[6]梅明,文磊,戚俊磊.河流底泥重金属形态分析及污染评价方法综述[J].价值工程,2016,35(9):8-11.MEI Ming,WEN Lei,QI Junlei,Review on methods of morphological analysis of heavy metals in river sediment and pollution evaluation[J].Value Engineering,2016,35(9):8-11.
[7]张建,魏怀瑞,杨瑞东,等.贵州都匀牛角塘铅锌矿区选矿尾矿中重金属元素分布特征研究[J].有色金属工程,2018,8(1):122-127.ZHANG Jian,WEI Huairui,YANG Ruidong,et al.Distribution characteristics of heavy metal elements in tailings from mineral processing in niujiatang lead and zinc mining area,Duyun,Guizhou[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2008,8(1):122-127.
[8]朱余银,戴塔根,吴堑虹.湘江长株潭段底泥重金属污染现状评价[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(9):3710-3717.ZHU Yuyin,DAI Tagen,WU Qianhong.Assessment on heavy metals contamination in sediments of ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan section of Xiangjiang River[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology)2012,43(9):3710-3717.
[9]李欢,潘琼,钟琼.湘江(长株潭段)表层沉积物Zn污染现状分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(5):174-175.LI Huan,PAN Qiang,ZHONG Qiong.Analysis of Zn in surface sediment in Xiangjiang River Changzhutan section[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2016,41(5):174-175.
[10]张坤,杨霞,吴雅霁,等.湘江株洲-湘潭-长沙段河床沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(1):60-65.ZHANG Kun,YANG Xia,WU Yaji,et al.Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments in Changsha-ZhuzhouXiangtan reach,Xiang Jiang River,China[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2015,32(1):60-65.
[11]胡延彪,李忠武,聂小东,等.湘江长沙段洲滩菜园土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(1):354-358.HU Yanbiao,LI Zhongwu,NIE Xiaodong,et al.Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contaminants in the soils of the vegetable plants in Changsha section of Xiangjiang River[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(1):354-358.
[12]丁琮,陈志良,李核,等.长株潭地区农业土壤重金属全量与有效态含量的相关分析[J].生态环境学报,2012(12):2002-2006.DING Cong,CHEN Zhiliang,LI He,et al.Correlation analysis of the heavy metal total contents and the available contents of agricultural soil in Chang-Zhu-Tan area[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012(12):2002-2006.
[13]陈建,周俊驰,胡旷成,等.湘江长沙段重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].湖南农业科学,2018(3):63-66.CHEN Jian,ZHOU Junchi,HU Kuangcheng,et al.Distribution characteristics and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in Changsha section of Xiangjiang[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2018(3):63-66.
[14]吴雅霁,彭渤,杨霞,等.湘江竹埠港段河床沉积物元素地球化学特征[J].地质调查与研究,2014,37(4):274-282.WU Yaji,PENG Bo,YANG Xia,et al.Geochemical characteristics of elements in the sediments of Zhubugang Xiangjiang River[J].Geological Survey and Research,2014,37(4):274-282.
[15]彭渤,唐晓燕,余昌训,等.湘江入湖河段沉积物重金属污染及其Pb同位素地球化学示踪[J].地质学报,2011,85(2):282-299.Peng Bo,TANG Xiaoyan,Yu Changxun,et al.Heavy metal contamination of inlet sediments of the Xiangjiang River and Pb isotopic geochemical implication[J].Actageologica Sinica,2011,85(2):282-299.
[16]MAO Longjiang,MO Duowen,et al.Multivariate analysis of heavy metals in surface sediments from lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River,southern China[J].Environmental Earth Science,2013,69(3):765-771.
[17]匡晓亮,符婷.湘江下游沉积物重金属初步溯源探讨[J].绿色科技,2016(12):47-49.KUANG Xiaoliang,FU Ting.The root-cause analysis on heavy metals in sediments in downstream of Xiang River[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,2016(12):47-49.
[2]何甜,帅红,朱翔.长株潭城市群污染空间识别与污染分布研究[J].地理科学,2016,36(7):1081-1090.HE Tian,SHUAI Hong,ZHU Xiang.Pollution space recognition and pollution distribution of ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(7):1081-1090.
[3]吴佳,纪雄辉,朱坚,等.长株潭地区水环境重金属污染健康风险评价[J].湖南农业科学,2018,(1):64-68.WU Jia,JI Xionghui,ZHU Jian,et al.Health risk assessment of water heavy mental pollution in ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan region[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2018,(1):64-68.
[4]周建军,周桔,冯仁国.我国土壤重金属污染现状及治理战略[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(3):315-320.ZHOU Jianjun,ZHOU Ju,FENG Renguo.Status of China's heavy metal contamination in soil and its remediation strategy[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014,29(03):315-320.
[5]秦樊鑫,魏朝富,李红梅.重金属污染土壤修复技术综述与展望[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(增刊2):199-208.QIN Fanxin,WEI Chaofu,LI Hongmei.Current research in remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,38(增刊2):199-208.
[6]梅明,文磊,戚俊磊.河流底泥重金属形态分析及污染评价方法综述[J].价值工程,2016,35(9):8-11.MEI Ming,WEN Lei,QI Junlei,Review on methods of morphological analysis of heavy metals in river sediment and pollution evaluation[J].Value Engineering,2016,35(9):8-11.
[7]张建,魏怀瑞,杨瑞东,等.贵州都匀牛角塘铅锌矿区选矿尾矿中重金属元素分布特征研究[J].有色金属工程,2018,8(1):122-127.ZHANG Jian,WEI Huairui,YANG Ruidong,et al.Distribution characteristics of heavy metal elements in tailings from mineral processing in niujiatang lead and zinc mining area,Duyun,Guizhou[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2008,8(1):122-127.
[8]朱余银,戴塔根,吴堑虹.湘江长株潭段底泥重金属污染现状评价[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(9):3710-3717.ZHU Yuyin,DAI Tagen,WU Qianhong.Assessment on heavy metals contamination in sediments of ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan section of Xiangjiang River[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology)2012,43(9):3710-3717.
[9]李欢,潘琼,钟琼.湘江(长株潭段)表层沉积物Zn污染现状分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(5):174-175.LI Huan,PAN Qiang,ZHONG Qiong.Analysis of Zn in surface sediment in Xiangjiang River Changzhutan section[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2016,41(5):174-175.
[10]张坤,杨霞,吴雅霁,等.湘江株洲-湘潭-长沙段河床沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(1):60-65.ZHANG Kun,YANG Xia,WU Yaji,et al.Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments in Changsha-ZhuzhouXiangtan reach,Xiang Jiang River,China[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2015,32(1):60-65.
[11]胡延彪,李忠武,聂小东,等.湘江长沙段洲滩菜园土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(1):354-358.HU Yanbiao,LI Zhongwu,NIE Xiaodong,et al.Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contaminants in the soils of the vegetable plants in Changsha section of Xiangjiang River[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(1):354-358.
[12]丁琮,陈志良,李核,等.长株潭地区农业土壤重金属全量与有效态含量的相关分析[J].生态环境学报,2012(12):2002-2006.DING Cong,CHEN Zhiliang,LI He,et al.Correlation analysis of the heavy metal total contents and the available contents of agricultural soil in Chang-Zhu-Tan area[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012(12):2002-2006.
[13]陈建,周俊驰,胡旷成,等.湘江长沙段重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].湖南农业科学,2018(3):63-66.CHEN Jian,ZHOU Junchi,HU Kuangcheng,et al.Distribution characteristics and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in Changsha section of Xiangjiang[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2018(3):63-66.
[14]吴雅霁,彭渤,杨霞,等.湘江竹埠港段河床沉积物元素地球化学特征[J].地质调查与研究,2014,37(4):274-282.WU Yaji,PENG Bo,YANG Xia,et al.Geochemical characteristics of elements in the sediments of Zhubugang Xiangjiang River[J].Geological Survey and Research,2014,37(4):274-282.
[15]彭渤,唐晓燕,余昌训,等.湘江入湖河段沉积物重金属污染及其Pb同位素地球化学示踪[J].地质学报,2011,85(2):282-299.Peng Bo,TANG Xiaoyan,Yu Changxun,et al.Heavy metal contamination of inlet sediments of the Xiangjiang River and Pb isotopic geochemical implication[J].Actageologica Sinica,2011,85(2):282-299.
[16]MAO Longjiang,MO Duowen,et al.Multivariate analysis of heavy metals in surface sediments from lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River,southern China[J].Environmental Earth Science,2013,69(3):765-771.
[17]匡晓亮,符婷.湘江下游沉积物重金属初步溯源探讨[J].绿色科技,2016(12):47-49.KUANG Xiaoliang,FU Ting.The root-cause analysis on heavy metals in sediments in downstream of Xiang River[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,2016(12):47-49.