不同水分条件与重金属复合处理对铺地黍生长的影响
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摘要
鉴于污染河岸消落带生态修复的紧迫性及其干湿交替生境的特殊性,本研究针对铺地黍(Panicum repens L.)在同时受到水分和重金属复合胁迫下的形态和生理特性变化展开研究,以期为构建铺地黍-消落带生态系统提供理论与实践参考。试验采用盆栽,设置5种水分+重金属复合处理。结果显示,在铺地黍株高和分枝数形态特征方面,相对于CK,水淹+低浓度重金属复合处理下的42天总体平均值高于CK,促进了生长;水淹+高浓度重金属的总体平均值虽低于CK,但差异不显著(P>0.05),整个试验期均正常生长。干旱+低浓度重金属和干旱+高浓度重金属处理下的株高和分枝数都受到严重影响,处理14天植株叶片开始出现萎蔫,21天大部分植株干枯,35天(干旱+低浓度)和28天(干旱+高浓度)地上部死亡。在铺地黍生理响应方面,水淹+重金属条件下的叶片游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量与CK之间的差异均不显著(P>0.05),即植株受伤害程度不大。但是,干旱+重金属条件下的叶片游离脯氨酸和丙二醛产生了积极响应,均显著高于CK(P<0.05)。
Studies on the morphological and physiological properties of Panicum repens L. were conducted under both water and heavy metal stress, in view of the urgency of eco-restoration of hydro-fluctuation belts ofpolluted rivers and their special alternation environment of wetting and drying, to provide references forconstructing Panicum repens L.-hydro-fluctuation belt ecological system. This experiment was conducted withpot-cultured method and 5 treatments compositing 2 factors of water and heavy metal were adopted. Theresults showed that: the total average values of the plant absolute height and branch number of Panicum repensL. under the low-Cd-Pb-and-flooded treatment with 42 days were higher than that under CK; in addition,although the total average of the plant absolute height and branch number of Panicum repens L. under high-Cd-Pb-and-flooded treatment were lower than that under CK, but the differences between H-Cd-Pb-floodedtreatment were not significant(P>0.05), i.e. Panicum repens L. could maintain normal growth; however, theplant absolute height and branch number of Panicum repens L. were inhibited under both L-Cd-Pb-droughtand H-Cd-Pb-drought treatments; during the experiments under Cd-Pb-drought treatments, the plant hadwilt phenomenon in 14 days, and then leaf blade was dry in 21 days, even all the plants were dead in 35 daysfor those under L-Cd-Pb-drought and in 28 days for those under H-Cd-Pb-drought; as for the physiologicalfeatures, the proline content and malondialdehyde content under both L-and H-Cd-Pb-flooded treatments were all close to those values under CK and the differences between Cd-Pb-flooded treatments and CK werenot significant(P>0.05), which indicated that the hurt from Cd-Pb-flooded treatment were light; however, theproline and malondialdehyde content under both L-and H-Cd-Pb-drought treatments were all significantlyhigher than those values under CK(P>0.05), which suggested a very active physiological response of Panicumrepens L. to L-and H-Cd-Pb-drought treatments.
Studies on the morphological and physiological properties of Panicum repens L. were conducted under both water and heavy metal stress, in view of the urgency of eco-restoration of hydro-fluctuation belts ofpolluted rivers and their special alternation environment of wetting and drying, to provide references forconstructing Panicum repens L.-hydro-fluctuation belt ecological system. This experiment was conducted withpot-cultured method and 5 treatments compositing 2 factors of water and heavy metal were adopted. Theresults showed that: the total average values of the plant absolute height and branch number of Panicum repensL. under the low-Cd-Pb-and-flooded treatment with 42 days were higher than that under CK; in addition,although the total average of the plant absolute height and branch number of Panicum repens L. under high-Cd-Pb-and-flooded treatment were lower than that under CK, but the differences between H-Cd-Pb-floodedtreatment were not significant(P>0.05), i.e. Panicum repens L. could maintain normal growth; however, theplant absolute height and branch number of Panicum repens L. were inhibited under both L-Cd-Pb-droughtand H-Cd-Pb-drought treatments; during the experiments under Cd-Pb-drought treatments, the plant hadwilt phenomenon in 14 days, and then leaf blade was dry in 21 days, even all the plants were dead in 35 daysfor those under L-Cd-Pb-drought and in 28 days for those under H-Cd-Pb-drought; as for the physiologicalfeatures, the proline content and malondialdehyde content under both L-and H-Cd-Pb-flooded treatments were all close to those values under CK and the differences between Cd-Pb-flooded treatments and CK werenot significant(P>0.05), which indicated that the hurt from Cd-Pb-flooded treatment were light; however, theproline and malondialdehyde content under both L-and H-Cd-Pb-drought treatments were all significantlyhigher than those values under CK(P>0.05), which suggested a very active physiological response of Panicumrepens L. to L-and H-Cd-Pb-drought treatments.
引文
[1]周永娟,仇江啸,王姣,等.三峡库区消落带生态环境脆弱性评价[J].生态学报,2010,30(24):6726-6733.
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[8]任庆水,马朋,李昌晓,等.三峡库区消落带落羽杉(Taxodium distichum)与柳树(Salix matsudana)人工植被对土壤营养元素含量的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(20):1-14.
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[10]樊大勇,熊高明,张爱英,等.三峡库区水位调度对消落带生态修复中物种筛选实践的影响[J].植物生态学报,2015,04:416-432.
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[13]付奇峰,林素彬,黎晨,等.水库消涨带铺地黍植被护坡技术研究[J].中国水土保持,2006,07:17-19,52.
[14]张金桃.铺地黍在铅锌矿冶工业区应用研究[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2008,29(3):17-18.
[15]王伟,陈亮,崔红.盐胁迫对不同生境铺地黍叶片蛋白质合成的影响[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2000,39(3):417-420.
[16]曾小龙.不同生态型铺地黍的逆境响应及水体消涨带修复潜力评价[D].广州:中山大学,2013:50-87.
[17]施美芬,曾波,申建红,等.植物水淹适应与碳水化合物的相关性[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(7):855-866.
[18]刘岩,黄文功,康庆华,等.土壤外源重金属铬对亚麻形态学指标的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(31):15167-15168.
[19]黄耿磊.不同柱花草对镉胁迫的响应[D].海口:海南大学,2011:30-39.
[20]张晓平,方炎明,陈永江.淹涝胁迫对鹅掌楸属植物叶片部分生理指标的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006,15(1):41-44.
[21]罗祺,张纪林,郝日明,等.水淹胁迫下10个树种某些生理指标的变化及其耐水淹能力的比较[J].植物资源与环境学报,2007,16(1):69-73.
[22]陈梦如.三种蓼科植物对水分胁迫和污染物暴露的响应[D].广州:中山大学,2011:13-58.
[2]王永艳,文安邦,史忠林,等.三峡库区典型支流库湾消落带沉积泥沙特征及重金属评价[J].环境科学,2016,03:935-941.
[3]陈三雄.广东大宝山矿区水土流失特征及重金属耐性植物筛选[D].南京:南京林业大学,2012:20-26.
[4]Liu D,Ge Y,Chang J,et al.Constructed wetlands in China:recent developments and future challenges[J].Frontiers in Ecological Environments,2009,7:261-268.
[5]袁兴中,熊森,刘红,等.水位变动下的消落带湿地生态工程——以三峡水库白夹溪为例[J].重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,29(3):24-26.
[6]刘家艳,曹敏,唐许,等.桑及菌根桑在库区消落带的生态重建功能及应用潜力[J].生态学报,2016,01:22-29.
[7]李兆佳,熊高明,邓龙强,等.狗牙根与牛鞭草在三峡库区消落带水淹结束后的抗氧化酶活力[J].生态学报,2013,33(11):3362-3369.
[8]任庆水,马朋,李昌晓,等.三峡库区消落带落羽杉(Taxodium distichum)与柳树(Salix matsudana)人工植被对土壤营养元素含量的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(20):1-14.
[9]郭立鹏,信忠保,肖华,等.水库消涨带植被重建制约因素分析——以深圳松子坑水库为例[J].中国水土保持,2012,08:12-14,33.
[10]樊大勇,熊高明,张爱英,等.三峡库区水位调度对消落带生态修复中物种筛选实践的影响[J].植物生态学报,2015,04:416-432.
[11]Zeng X L,Gao G J,Yang J Z,et al.The integrated response of torpedograss(Panicum repens)to Cd-Pb co-exposures[J].Ecological Engneering,2015,82:428-431.
[12]付奇峰,方华,林建平.华南地区水库消涨带生态重建的植物筛选[J].生态环境,2008,06:2325-2329.
[13]付奇峰,林素彬,黎晨,等.水库消涨带铺地黍植被护坡技术研究[J].中国水土保持,2006,07:17-19,52.
[14]张金桃.铺地黍在铅锌矿冶工业区应用研究[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2008,29(3):17-18.
[15]王伟,陈亮,崔红.盐胁迫对不同生境铺地黍叶片蛋白质合成的影响[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2000,39(3):417-420.
[16]曾小龙.不同生态型铺地黍的逆境响应及水体消涨带修复潜力评价[D].广州:中山大学,2013:50-87.
[17]施美芬,曾波,申建红,等.植物水淹适应与碳水化合物的相关性[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(7):855-866.
[18]刘岩,黄文功,康庆华,等.土壤外源重金属铬对亚麻形态学指标的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(31):15167-15168.
[19]黄耿磊.不同柱花草对镉胁迫的响应[D].海口:海南大学,2011:30-39.
[20]张晓平,方炎明,陈永江.淹涝胁迫对鹅掌楸属植物叶片部分生理指标的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006,15(1):41-44.
[21]罗祺,张纪林,郝日明,等.水淹胁迫下10个树种某些生理指标的变化及其耐水淹能力的比较[J].植物资源与环境学报,2007,16(1):69-73.
[22]陈梦如.三种蓼科植物对水分胁迫和污染物暴露的响应[D].广州:中山大学,2011:13-58.