EDTA强化盐生植物修复Pb、Cd和盐渍化复合污染土壤
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摘要
为修复重金属和盐渍化复合污染土壤,采用温室盆栽实验,研究了EDTA强化盐生植物景天三七(Sedum aizoon L.)和翅碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)对土壤中Pb、Cd和盐分阴离子(NO_3~-、Cl-、SO_4~(2-))的去除效果。结果表明,EDTA能够促进盐生植物吸收和富集污染土壤中的Pb、Cd,当添加4 mmol·kg~(-1)的EDTA时,对于Pb、Cd中度污染土壤,景天三七对2种重金属的去除率分别为32.59%和36.47%,翅碱蓬分别为22.93%和29.36%;对于Pb、Cd和盐分阴离子复合污染土壤,景天三七对轻度污染土壤中2种重金属的去除率分别为41.37%和47.25%,翅碱蓬对中度污染土壤中2种重金属的去除率分别为36.42%和41.48%,景天三七对3种盐分阴离子的去除率表现为NO_3~->Cl->SO_4~(2-),而翅碱蓬对盐分阴离子的去除效果差异较小。景天三七的生物量明显大于翅碱蓬,植物抗逆性指标显示景天三七耐受Pb、Cd和盐分阴离子的能力更强。EDTA强化景天三七修复实际污染土壤,Pb、Cd的去除率分别达到37.87%和41.61%,NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)和Cl-分别为59.22%、42.11%和51.65%,能够有效修复重金属和盐渍化复合污染土壤。
In order to remedy the soil contaminated by heavy metals and secondary salinization, the pot experiments were conducted to investigate the removal efficiencies of Pb, Cd and salt anions(NO_3~-, Cl~-and SO_4~(2-))by two halophytes with the enhancement of EDTA. The results showed that the addition of EDTA could significantly promote halophytes to absorb and enrich Pb and Cd in the contaminated soils.With the enhancement of 4 mmol·kg~(-1) EDTA, the removal efficiencies of Pb and Cd were 32.59% and 36.47% by Sedum aizoon L., and those were 22.93% and 29.36% by Suaeda salsa for the moderately polluted soil with Pb and Cd, respectively. For the combined pollution soils with Pb, Cd and salt anions, the removal efficiencies of Pb and Cd in the mildly polluted soil were 41.37% and 47.25% by Sedum aizoon L., and those in the moderately polluted soil were 36.42% and 41.48% by Suaeda salsa, respectively. The removal ability of the three salt anions showed a decreasing order of NO_3~-, Cl~-and SO_4~(2-) by Sedum aizoon L., whereas that showed little difference by Suaeda salsa. The existence of appropriate amount of salt anions could activate Pb and Cd in the contaminated soil, and increase their mobility and bioavailability,which may promote the halophytes to absorb heavy metals. When the contents of salt anions in the contaminated soil exceeded the tolerance thresholds of the halophytes, excess salinity might reduce the absorption ability of plant to Pb and Cd. In addition, the biomass of Sedum aizoon L. was obviously greater than that of Suaeda salsa, and plant resistance indices indicated that the tolerance ability of Sedum aizoon L.to Pb, Cd and salt anions was much stronger. The combined pollution soil with heavy metals and secondary salinization could be effectively remedied by Sedum aizoon L. with the enhancement of EDTA, and the removal efficiencies of Pb, Cd were 37.87% and 41.61%, and those of NO_3~-, SO_4~(2-) and Cl~-were 59.22%, 42.11% and 51.65% for the actual pollution soil, respectively.
In order to remedy the soil contaminated by heavy metals and secondary salinization, the pot experiments were conducted to investigate the removal efficiencies of Pb, Cd and salt anions(NO_3~-, Cl~-and SO_4~(2-))by two halophytes with the enhancement of EDTA. The results showed that the addition of EDTA could significantly promote halophytes to absorb and enrich Pb and Cd in the contaminated soils.With the enhancement of 4 mmol·kg~(-1) EDTA, the removal efficiencies of Pb and Cd were 32.59% and 36.47% by Sedum aizoon L., and those were 22.93% and 29.36% by Suaeda salsa for the moderately polluted soil with Pb and Cd, respectively. For the combined pollution soils with Pb, Cd and salt anions, the removal efficiencies of Pb and Cd in the mildly polluted soil were 41.37% and 47.25% by Sedum aizoon L., and those in the moderately polluted soil were 36.42% and 41.48% by Suaeda salsa, respectively. The removal ability of the three salt anions showed a decreasing order of NO_3~-, Cl~-and SO_4~(2-) by Sedum aizoon L., whereas that showed little difference by Suaeda salsa. The existence of appropriate amount of salt anions could activate Pb and Cd in the contaminated soil, and increase their mobility and bioavailability,which may promote the halophytes to absorb heavy metals. When the contents of salt anions in the contaminated soil exceeded the tolerance thresholds of the halophytes, excess salinity might reduce the absorption ability of plant to Pb and Cd. In addition, the biomass of Sedum aizoon L. was obviously greater than that of Suaeda salsa, and plant resistance indices indicated that the tolerance ability of Sedum aizoon L.to Pb, Cd and salt anions was much stronger. The combined pollution soil with heavy metals and secondary salinization could be effectively remedied by Sedum aizoon L. with the enhancement of EDTA, and the removal efficiencies of Pb, Cd were 37.87% and 41.61%, and those of NO_3~-, SO_4~(2-) and Cl~-were 59.22%, 42.11% and 51.65% for the actual pollution soil, respectively.
引文
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[16]Yan L,Li C,Zhang J,et al.Enhanced phytoextraction of lead from artificially contaminated soil by Mirabilis jalapa with chelating agents[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2017,99(2):208-212.
[17]陈柯罕,张科,李取生,等.四种盐生植物对Cd、Pb复合污染提取修复效果比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(3):458-465.CHEN Ke-han,ZHANG Ke,LI Qu-sheng,et al.Remediation effects of four halophytes on Cd and Pb compound pollution[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(3):458-465.
[18]Bucheli-Witschel M,Egli T.Environmental fate and microbial degradation of aminopolycarboxylic acids[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2001,25(1):69-106.
[19]卫泽斌,陈晓红,吴启堂,等.可生物降解螯合剂GLDA诱导东南景天修复重金属污染土壤的研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1864-1869.WEI Ze-bin,CHEN Xiao-hong,WU Qi-tang,et al.Enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soils using Sedum alfredii Hance with biodegradable chelate GLDA[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(5):1864-1869.
[20]王亚琴.EDTA和NTA对苎麻吸收重金属镉的影响机制研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2014.WANG Ya-qin.The mechanism of EDTA and NTA on the accumulation and translocation of cadmium in ramie[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2014.
[21]Bareen F E,Tahira S A.Metal accumulation potential of wild plants in tannery effluent contaminated soil of Kasur,Pakistan:Field trials for toxic metal cleanup using Suaeda fruticose[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,186(1):443-450.
[22]Zaier H,Ghnaya T,Ghabriche R,et al.EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil by the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(12):7607-7615.
[23]刘霞,王建涛,张萌,等.螯合剂和生物表面活性剂对Cu、Pb污染塿土的淋洗修复[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1590-1597.LIU Xia,WANG Jian-tao,ZHANG Meng,et al.Remediation of CuPb-contaminated loess soil by leaching with chelating agent and biosurfactant[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1590-1597.
[24]李成保,季国亮.恒电荷土壤和可变电荷土壤动电性质的研究Ⅱ.阴离子吸附和p H的影响[J].土壤学报,2000,37(1):62-68.LI Cheng-bao,JI Guo-liang.Study on electrokinetic properties of constant charge soils and variable charge soilsⅡ.Effect of anion adsorption and p H[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2000,37(1):62-68.
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[2]文方芳.种植年限对设施大棚土壤次生盐渍化与酸化的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(4):49-53.WEN Fang-fang.Effect of planting years on soil secondary salinity and soil acidification in greenhouse[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2016(4):49-53.
[3]史静,张乃明,包立.我国设施农业土壤质量退化特征与调控研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(7):787-794.SHI Jing,ZHANG Nai-ming,BAO Li.Research progress on soil degradation and regulation of facility agriculture in China[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(7):787-794.
[4]唐冬,毛亮,支月娥,等.上海市郊设施大棚次生盐渍化土壤盐分含量调查及典型对应分析[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4705-4711.TANG Dong,MAO Liang,ZHI Yue-e,et al.Investigation and canonical correspondence analysis of salinity contents in secondary salinization greenhouse soils in Shanghai suburb[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4705-4711.
[5]Tian K,Hu W,Xing Z,et al.Determination and evaluation of heavy metals in soils under two different greenhouse vegetable production systems in eastern China[J].Chemosphere,2016,165:555-563.
[6]陈佳楠,袁小环,刘艳芬.十四种地被植物的耐盐性评价[J].北方园艺,2015(22):74-78.CHEN Jia-nan,YUAN Xiao-huan,LIU Yan-fen.Assessment of salt tolerance of fourteen species of ground cover plant[J].Northern Horticulture,2015(22):74-78.
[7]侯柯,陈克克,马晓毅,等.园艺植物景天三七对重金属铅的富集作用研究[J].陕西农业科学,2014,60(6):3-5.HOU Ke,CHEN Ke-ke,MA Xiao-yi,et al.Study on the enrichment of lead by horticultural plant Sedum aizoon L.[J].Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2014,60(6):3-5.
[8]李悦,陈忠林,王杰,等.盐胁迫对翅碱蓬生长和渗透调节物质浓度的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(1):72-76.LI Yue,CHEN Zhong-lin,WANG Jie,et al.Effects of salt stress on Suaeda heteroptera Kitagawa growth and osmosis-regulating substance concentration[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(1):72-76.
[9]朱鸣鹤,丁永生,郑道昌,等.潮滩植物翅碱蓬对Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd累积及其重金属耐性[J].海洋环境科学,2005,24(2):13-16.ZHU Ming-he,DING Yong-sheng,ZHENG Dao-chang,et al.Accumulation and tolerance of Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd in plant Suaeda heteroptera Kitag in tideland[J].Marine Environmental Science,2005,24(2):13-16.
[10]何洁,高钰婷,贺鑫,等.重金属Zn和Cd对翅碱蓬生长及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(1):312-320.HE Jie,GAO Yu-ting,HE Xin,et al.The effect of Zn and Cd on growth and antioxidant enzymes activity of Suaeda heteroptera Kitagawa[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(1):312-320.
[11]Mariem W,Kilani B R,Benet G,et al.How does Na Cl improve tolerance to cadmium in the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum?[J].Chemosphere,2014,117(1):243-250.
[12]Wang H L,Tian C Y,Jiang L,et al.Remediation of heavy metals contaminated saline soils:A halophyte choice?[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(1):21-22.
[13]Babaeian E,Homaee M,Rahnemaie R.Chelate-enhanced phytoextraction and phytostabilization of lead-contaminated soils by carrot(Daucus carota)[J].Archives of Agronomy&Soil Science,2016,62(3):339-358.
[14]胡亚虎,魏树和,周启星,等.螯合剂在重金属污染土壤植物修复中的应用研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(11):2055-2063.HU Ya-hu,WEI Shu-he,ZHOU Qi-xing,et al.Application of chelator in phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils:A review[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(11):2055-2063.
[15]曾清如,廖柏寒,杨仁斌,等.EDTA溶液萃取污染土壤中的重金属及其回收技术[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(6):597-601.ZENG Qing-ru,LIAO Bo-han,YANG Ren-bin,et al.Extraction of heavy metals in contaminated soils with EDTA solution and their recovery technique[J].China Environmental Science,2003,23(6):597-601.
[16]Yan L,Li C,Zhang J,et al.Enhanced phytoextraction of lead from artificially contaminated soil by Mirabilis jalapa with chelating agents[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2017,99(2):208-212.
[17]陈柯罕,张科,李取生,等.四种盐生植物对Cd、Pb复合污染提取修复效果比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(3):458-465.CHEN Ke-han,ZHANG Ke,LI Qu-sheng,et al.Remediation effects of four halophytes on Cd and Pb compound pollution[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(3):458-465.
[18]Bucheli-Witschel M,Egli T.Environmental fate and microbial degradation of aminopolycarboxylic acids[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2001,25(1):69-106.
[19]卫泽斌,陈晓红,吴启堂,等.可生物降解螯合剂GLDA诱导东南景天修复重金属污染土壤的研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1864-1869.WEI Ze-bin,CHEN Xiao-hong,WU Qi-tang,et al.Enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soils using Sedum alfredii Hance with biodegradable chelate GLDA[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(5):1864-1869.
[20]王亚琴.EDTA和NTA对苎麻吸收重金属镉的影响机制研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2014.WANG Ya-qin.The mechanism of EDTA and NTA on the accumulation and translocation of cadmium in ramie[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2014.
[21]Bareen F E,Tahira S A.Metal accumulation potential of wild plants in tannery effluent contaminated soil of Kasur,Pakistan:Field trials for toxic metal cleanup using Suaeda fruticose[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,186(1):443-450.
[22]Zaier H,Ghnaya T,Ghabriche R,et al.EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil by the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(12):7607-7615.
[23]刘霞,王建涛,张萌,等.螯合剂和生物表面活性剂对Cu、Pb污染塿土的淋洗修复[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1590-1597.LIU Xia,WANG Jian-tao,ZHANG Meng,et al.Remediation of CuPb-contaminated loess soil by leaching with chelating agent and biosurfactant[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1590-1597.
[24]李成保,季国亮.恒电荷土壤和可变电荷土壤动电性质的研究Ⅱ.阴离子吸附和p H的影响[J].土壤学报,2000,37(1):62-68.LI Cheng-bao,JI Guo-liang.Study on electrokinetic properties of constant charge soils and variable charge soilsⅡ.Effect of anion adsorption and p H[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2000,37(1):62-68.
[25]Collins C R,Ragnarsdottir K V,Sherman D M.Effect of inorganic and organic ligands on the mechanism of cadmium sorption to goethite[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1999,63(19):2989-3002.
[26]Zhang G Y,Peak D.Studies of Cd(Ⅱ)sulfate interactions at the goethite-water interface by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2007,71(9):2158-2169.
[27]徐明岗,李菊梅,李志杰.利用耐盐植物改善盐土区农业环境[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006(3):6-10.XU Ming-gang,LI Ju-mei,LI Zhi-jie.Salt-tolerance plants used for improving agricultural environments in saline soil regions[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2006(3):6-10.
[28]Acosta J A,Jansen B,Kalbitz K,et al.Salinity increases mobility of heavy metals in soils[J].Chemosphere,2011,85(8):1318-1324.
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