基于模糊数学综合评价法的弓长岭铁矿区土壤环境质量研究
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摘要
采用模糊数学综合评价法,对辽阳弓长岭铁矿区土壤环境质量进行综合评价。以采场和尾矿库为中心,将矿区分为7个典型区域,分别采样。以土壤重金属Cd、Cu、Cr、Pb和Zn含量与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷和速效磷含量为主要评价对象。结果表明,弓长岭铁矿区土壤重金属污染严重,以Cd为主要污染因子,其次为Cu和Cr,而Pb、Zn为无污染或轻度污染。同时,虽然矿区内土壤养分丰富,但是受开采活动及重金属污染影响,导致碱解氮、全磷和速效磷等能被植物快速有效利用的养分含量较低,不适于植物种植。建议矿区着重监控Cd污染,并及时进行生态修复,在生态修复之前应人工施加肥料,调节土壤养分结构。研究为弓长岭铁矿区土壤生态环境的改善和治理提供科学参考。
The soil environmental quality of Liaoyang Gongchangling iron mine region was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive method. The mining area was divided into seven typical areas rounded mining area and tailings pond,and the typical areas sampled separately. Meanwhile,contents of heavy metal Cd,Cu,Zn,Pb and Cr and soil nutrients(OM,TN,AN,TP and OP)were chosen as the main evaluation objects. Results show that Gongchangling iron mine region was seriously polluted by heavy metals,and Cd was the main pollution factor,followed by Cu and Cr. Pb and Zn showed the minimal effects on soil environmental quality. At the same time,the soil nutrients were abundant in mine region,but the AN,TP and AP,which can be quickly and efficiently utilized by plants,were poor. And the soils were not suitable for plant cultivation. Therefore,our attention were suggested to be focused on monitoring Cd contamination and making ecological restoration in time. Also,it should be noted that the fertilizer was necessary to regulate the soil nutrient structure before ecological restoration. This study provides scientific reference for the improvement and treatment of soil ecological environment in Gongchangling iron mine region.
The soil environmental quality of Liaoyang Gongchangling iron mine region was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive method. The mining area was divided into seven typical areas rounded mining area and tailings pond,and the typical areas sampled separately. Meanwhile,contents of heavy metal Cd,Cu,Zn,Pb and Cr and soil nutrients(OM,TN,AN,TP and OP)were chosen as the main evaluation objects. Results show that Gongchangling iron mine region was seriously polluted by heavy metals,and Cd was the main pollution factor,followed by Cu and Cr. Pb and Zn showed the minimal effects on soil environmental quality. At the same time,the soil nutrients were abundant in mine region,but the AN,TP and AP,which can be quickly and efficiently utilized by plants,were poor. And the soils were not suitable for plant cultivation. Therefore,our attention were suggested to be focused on monitoring Cd contamination and making ecological restoration in time. Also,it should be noted that the fertilizer was necessary to regulate the soil nutrient structure before ecological restoration. This study provides scientific reference for the improvement and treatment of soil ecological environment in Gongchangling iron mine region.
引文
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[17]肖九花,王兆慧,柳建设,等.江西永平铜矿排土场土壤质量评价[J].湖北农业科学,2016(3):616-620.Xiao Jiuhua,Wang Zhaohui,Liu Jianshe,et al.Evaluation on soil quality of waste dump in Yongping copper mine of Jiangxi Province[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016(3):616-620.
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[19]武伟,唐明华,刘洪斌.土壤养分的模糊综合评价[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2000(3):270-272.Wu Wei,Tang Minghua,Liu Hongbin.Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of soil nurients[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,2000(3):270-272.
[20]Doran J W,Parkin T B.Defining and assessing soil quality[C].SS-SA Special Publication no,1994,35:3-21.
[21]饶运章,侯运炳.尾矿库废水酸化与重金属污染规律研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2004(3):430-432.Rao Yunzhang,Hou Yunbing.Study on law of acidification of wastewater in tailings reservoir and heavy metals pollution[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2004(3):430-432.
[22]安婧,宫晓双,魏树和.重金属污染土壤超积累植物修复关键技术的发展[J].生态学杂志,2015(11):3261-3270.An Jing,Gong Xiaoshuang,Wei Shuhe.Research progress on technologies of phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015(11):3261-3270.
[2]宋凤敏,张兴昌,王彦民,等.汉江上游铁矿尾矿库区土壤重金属污染分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2015(9):1707-1714.Song Fengmin,Zhang Xingchang,Wang Yanmin,et al.Heavy metal pollution in soils surrounding an iron tailings in upstream areas of Hanjiang River[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015(9):1707-1714.
[3]刘硕,吴泉源,曹学江,等.龙口煤矿区土壤重金属污染评价与空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2016(1):270-279.Liu Shuo,Wu Quanyuan,Cao Xuejiang,et al.Pollution assessment and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soils of coal mining area in Longkou City[J].Environmental Science,2016(1):270-279.
[4]Qiu Z T,Wu Y,Zheng C.Soil pollution research based on factor analysis method[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2015,744/745/746:2391-2396.
[5]Hasan A B,Kabir S,Reza A H M S,et al.Enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index of trace metals in sediments of the ship breaking area of Sitakund Upazilla(Bhatiary Kumira),Chittagong,Bangladesh[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2013(1):130-137.
[6]Muller G.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geojournal,1969(3):108-118.
[7]Liu W,Luan Z,Tang H.Environmental assessment on heavy metal pollution in the sediments of le an river with potential ecological risk indes[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1999,19:206-211.
[8]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980(8):975-1001.
[9]Xu L,Luo W,Lu T L,et al.Status and fuzzy comprehensive assessment of metals and arsenic contamination in farmland soils along the Yanghe River,China[J].Chemistry&Ecology,2011(5):415-426.
[10]Li Q,Han Y F.An evaluation on heavy metal contamination of soils in Suzhou by fuzzy mathematics model[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2013(5):1005-1008.
[11]陈磊,王家鼎,谷天峰,等.大西沟铁矿生态环境模糊综合评价研究[J].土壤通报,2017(4):794-799.Chen Lei,Wang Jiading,Gu Tianfeng,et al.Study on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of ecological environment in Daxigou Iron Mine[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2017(4):794-799.
[12]张金婷,孙华.内梅罗指数法和模糊综合评价法在土壤重金属污染评价应用中的差异分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2016(4):27-31.Zhang Jinting,Sun Hua.Differences of nemerow index method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in evaluation heavy metal pollution in Soil[J].Environmental Monitoring Management andTechnology,2016(4):27-31.
[13]陈桂忠.模糊综合分析在场地土壤重金属评价中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2015(4):140-143.Chen Guizhong.Fuzzy comprehensive assessment of heavy metal pollution[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2015(4):140-143.
[14]张晓薇,王恩德,吴瑶.辽阳弓长岭铁矿区优势植物的重金属耐性评价[J].金属矿山,2018(2):172-178.Zhang Xiaowei,Wang Ende,Wu Yao.Tolerance evaluation of advantage plants to heavy metal in Liaoyang Gongchangling Iron Mine[J].Metal Mine,2018(2):172-178.
[15]刘军,靳淑韵.辽宁弓长岭铁矿磁铁富矿的成因研究[J].现代地质,2010(1):80-88.Liu Jun,Jin Shuyun.Genesis study of magnetite-rich ore in Gongchangling Iron Deposit,Liaoning[J].Geoscience,2010(1):80-88.
[16]程国霞,都基众,陈为民.鞍钢弓长岭露天铁矿区地质环境问题及防治对策[J].地质与资源,2011(1):78-80.Cheng Guoxia,Du Jizhong,Chen Weimin.Problems and countermeasures of geologic environment of Gongchangling opencut iron mine in Anshan,Liaoning province[J].Geology and Resources,2011(1):78-80.
[17]肖九花,王兆慧,柳建设,等.江西永平铜矿排土场土壤质量评价[J].湖北农业科学,2016(3):616-620.Xiao Jiuhua,Wang Zhaohui,Liu Jianshe,et al.Evaluation on soil quality of waste dump in Yongping copper mine of Jiangxi Province[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016(3):616-620.
[18]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000.Lu Rukun.Methods for Agricultural Chemical Analysis of Soil[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000.
[19]武伟,唐明华,刘洪斌.土壤养分的模糊综合评价[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2000(3):270-272.Wu Wei,Tang Minghua,Liu Hongbin.Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of soil nurients[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,2000(3):270-272.
[20]Doran J W,Parkin T B.Defining and assessing soil quality[C].SS-SA Special Publication no,1994,35:3-21.
[21]饶运章,侯运炳.尾矿库废水酸化与重金属污染规律研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2004(3):430-432.Rao Yunzhang,Hou Yunbing.Study on law of acidification of wastewater in tailings reservoir and heavy metals pollution[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2004(3):430-432.
[22]安婧,宫晓双,魏树和.重金属污染土壤超积累植物修复关键技术的发展[J].生态学杂志,2015(11):3261-3270.An Jing,Gong Xiaoshuang,Wei Shuhe.Research progress on technologies of phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015(11):3261-3270.