阳离子淀粉制备条件优化及其对野外蓝藻的絮凝效果
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摘要
淀粉改性阳离子型絮凝剂具有无毒、价廉、高效以及可生物降解等优点而被广泛关注。该研究首先采用正交法对其制备条件进行了优化,并利用该制备材料在不同条件下进行了野外蓝藻的絮凝优化实验。结果表明:当2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA)与淀粉用量比例为1∶5,中火微波条件下合成的阳离子淀粉絮凝效率最佳。在富营养化水体中,最佳的絮凝条件为:搅拌速度在120 r/min以上,搅拌时间在0.5~4 min范围内时,絮凝效率可高达90%以上,且p H在5~9范围内对絮凝效率无影响。阳离子淀粉的投加量与初始叶绿素a浓度呈正相关,当初始叶绿素a浓度为100μg/L时,阳离子淀粉絮凝剂浓度仅需16.7 mg/L。
More and more attention has been paid to cationic starch due to its non-toxic, biodegradable and cheap advantages. In this paper, the preparation conditions were optimized through the orthogonal experiment,then optimization of flocculation efficiency experiments concerning field cyanobacteria was also conducted with this material under different conditions.Results showed that the optimal conditions for field cyanobacteria flocculation were at the ratio of 1∶5 between GTA and cationic starch and under middle power in microwave. The flocculation efficiency can reach to more than 90% under the optimal flocculation condition as stirring rate more than 120 r/min, stirring time from 30 s to 4 min, wide range of p H from 5~9. On the other hand, a positive correlation was observed between dosage of cationic starch and concentration of cyanobacteria biomass. The dosage of cationic starch is only16.7 mg/L while the initial concentration of chlorophyll is 100 μg/L.
More and more attention has been paid to cationic starch due to its non-toxic, biodegradable and cheap advantages. In this paper, the preparation conditions were optimized through the orthogonal experiment,then optimization of flocculation efficiency experiments concerning field cyanobacteria was also conducted with this material under different conditions.Results showed that the optimal conditions for field cyanobacteria flocculation were at the ratio of 1∶5 between GTA and cationic starch and under middle power in microwave. The flocculation efficiency can reach to more than 90% under the optimal flocculation condition as stirring rate more than 120 r/min, stirring time from 30 s to 4 min, wide range of p H from 5~9. On the other hand, a positive correlation was observed between dosage of cationic starch and concentration of cyanobacteria biomass. The dosage of cationic starch is only16.7 mg/L while the initial concentration of chlorophyll is 100 μg/L.
引文
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[14]马志欣,尚春琼,胡小丽,等.微藻絮凝采收的研究进展[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(4):942-948.Ma Zhixin,Shang Chunqiong,Hu Xiaoli,et al.Research progresses on microcyanobacteria harvesting by flocculation[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,2016,35(4):942-948.
[15]Lin QT,Qian S,Li CJ,et al.Synthesis,flocculation and adsorption performance of amphoteric starch[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2012,90(1):275-283.
[16]Ozkan A,Berberoglu H.Adhesion of algal cells to surfaces[J].Biofouling,2013,29(4):469-482.
[17]Pal S,Mal D,Singh RP.Cationic starch:an effective flocculating agent[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2005,59(4):417-423.
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[19]刘娟,武耀锋,张晓慷.水分散型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的絮凝性能及机理[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(1):119-124.Liu Juan,Wu Yaofeng,Zhang Xiaokang.Flocculation capability of aqueous dispersion polyacrylamide flocculant and its mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(1):119-124.
[20]Divakaran R,Pillai VN.Flocculation of kaolinite suspensions in water by chitosan[J].Water Research,2001,35(16):3904-3908.
[21]Ahmad AL,Mat Yasin NH,Derek CJC,et al.Optimization of microalgae coagulation process using chitosan[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,173(3):879-882.
[22]Kan C,Huang C,Pan J R.Time requirement for rapid-mixing in coagulation[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2002,203(1/2/3):1–9.
[23]王立前,张榆霞.云南省重点湖泊水体透明度和叶绿素a建议控制指标的探讨[J].湖泊科学,2006,18(1):86-90.Wang Liqian,Zhang Yuxia.Suggestion on the SD and Chl.a control standers in major lakes of Yunan Province[J].Journal of Lake Science,2006,18(1):86-90.
[2]胡传林,万成炎,吴成桂,等.蓝藻水华的成因及其生态控制进展[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(12):1471-1477.Hu Chuanlin,Wan Chengyan,Wu Chenggui,et al.Progress in causes and ecological control of cyanobacterial bloom[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(12):1471-1477.
[3]赵永宏,邓详征,战金艳,等.我国湖泊富营养化防治与控制策略研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(3):92-98.Zhao Yonghong,Deng Xiangzheng,Zhan Jinyan,et al.Progress on preventing and controlling strategies of lake eutrophication in China[J].Environment Science&Technology,2010,33(3):92-98.
[4]朱广伟.太湖富营养化现状及原因分析[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(1):21-26.Zhu Guangwei.Eutrophic status and causing factors for a large,shallow and subtropical Lake Taihu,China[J].Journal of Lake Science,2008,20(1):21-26.
[5]Shi WQ,Tian WQ,Wang LJ,et al.Removal of Microcystis aeruginosa using cationic starch modified soils[J].Water Research,2016,97(15):19-25.
[6]沈哲,张亚雷,代朝猛.改性淀粉絮凝剂的应用现状和研究进展[J].水处理技术,2012,38(10):1-3,7.Shen Zhe,Zhang Yalei,Dai Chaomeng.The research of situation and development for ship seawater desalination technology[J].Technology and Water Treatment,2012,38(10):1-3,7.
[7]Vandamme D,Foubert I,Meesschaert B,et al.Flocculation of microalgae using cationic starch[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2010,22(4):525-530.
[8]李娜,徐继润.阳离子改性淀粉处理石化废水的实验研究[J].中国积水排水,2011,27(15):82-84.Li Na,Xu Jirun.Experimental study on treatment of petrochemical wastewater by cation modified starch flocculant[J].China Water and Wastewater,2011,27(15):82-84.
[9]刘军海,李志洲,王俊宏,等.改性淀粉絮凝剂处理造纸废水效果研究[J].水处理技术,2016,42(10):80-83,88.Liu Junhai,Li Zhizhou,Wang Junhong,et al.Study on treatment of papermaking wastewater with modified starch flocculant[J].Technology and Water Treatment,2016,42(10):80-83,88.
[10]舒型武,郑怀礼.阳离子型有机絮凝剂研究进展[J].现代化工,2001,21(10):13-16.Shu Xingwu,Zheng Huaili.Advances in cationic organic flocculant[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2001,21(10):13-16.
[11]刘恋,陈兵,王志红.壳聚糖改性粘土对高藻水中藻类的絮凝去除[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(6):1296-1300.Liu Lian,Chen Bing,Wang Zhihong.Flocculation and removal of cyanobacteria in cyanobacteria-bloom water by chitosan-modified clays[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(6):1296-1300.
[12]丁进锋,赵凤敏,曹有福,等.聚合氯化铝絮凝小球藻的动力学研究[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(3):203-207.Ding Jinfeng,Zhao Fengmin,Cao Youfu,et al.Flocculation kinetics of Chlorella ap.with polymeric aluminum chloride[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(3):203-207.
[13]陈春艳,胡晗华,王煜,等.氯化铁和聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂WT652对三角褐指藻的絮凝作用[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(3):669-672.Chen Chunyan,Hu Hanhua,Wang Yu,et al.Flocculation of Phaedactylum Tricornutum induced by ferric chloride and polyacrylamide flocculant WT652[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2010,34(3):669-672.
[14]马志欣,尚春琼,胡小丽,等.微藻絮凝采收的研究进展[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(4):942-948.Ma Zhixin,Shang Chunqiong,Hu Xiaoli,et al.Research progresses on microcyanobacteria harvesting by flocculation[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,2016,35(4):942-948.
[15]Lin QT,Qian S,Li CJ,et al.Synthesis,flocculation and adsorption performance of amphoteric starch[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2012,90(1):275-283.
[16]Ozkan A,Berberoglu H.Adhesion of algal cells to surfaces[J].Biofouling,2013,29(4):469-482.
[17]Pal S,Mal D,Singh RP.Cationic starch:an effective flocculating agent[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2005,59(4):417-423.
[18]Vandamme D,Foubert I,Muylaert K.Flocculation as a lowcost method for harvesting microalgae for bulk biomass production[J].Trends in Biotechnology,2013,31(4):233-239.
[19]刘娟,武耀锋,张晓慷.水分散型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的絮凝性能及机理[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(1):119-124.Liu Juan,Wu Yaofeng,Zhang Xiaokang.Flocculation capability of aqueous dispersion polyacrylamide flocculant and its mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(1):119-124.
[20]Divakaran R,Pillai VN.Flocculation of kaolinite suspensions in water by chitosan[J].Water Research,2001,35(16):3904-3908.
[21]Ahmad AL,Mat Yasin NH,Derek CJC,et al.Optimization of microalgae coagulation process using chitosan[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,173(3):879-882.
[22]Kan C,Huang C,Pan J R.Time requirement for rapid-mixing in coagulation[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2002,203(1/2/3):1–9.
[23]王立前,张榆霞.云南省重点湖泊水体透明度和叶绿素a建议控制指标的探讨[J].湖泊科学,2006,18(1):86-90.Wang Liqian,Zhang Yuxia.Suggestion on the SD and Chl.a control standers in major lakes of Yunan Province[J].Journal of Lake Science,2006,18(1):86-90.