云南省勐海县野生大茶树表型多样性分析
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摘要
【目的】了解勐海县野生大茶树资源现状及其表型变异情况,为野生大茶树资源的合理保护和有效利用奠定基础。【方法】实地调查3个野生茶树居群,分析65株野生大茶树生长势、树体、叶片、花果形态和主要生化成分含量的表型变异。【结果】野生大茶树总体长势良好,生长势旺盛植株占调查总数的70.77%;树体性状变异系数均在20%以上,变化幅度为22.42%~56.24%,平均变异系数为40.71%,表现出丰富的遗传多样性;叶片形态变异系数均小于15%,变化幅度为8.20%~14.45%,平均变异系数为10.99%,以叶面积变异幅度和变异系数较大;花果形态变化幅度为5.83%~13.16%,平均变异系数为10.32%,以种径变异系数较大,萼片数变异系数较小;生化成分含量变化幅度为12.21%~33.57%,平均变异系数为18.75%,以氨基酸含量变异系数较大,水浸出物含量变异系数较小。3个居群的树体、叶片、花果及生化成分含量等表型性状变异趋势基本一致。【结论】勐海县野生大茶树表型多样性丰富,加强本地区野生大茶树资源的保护和鉴定评价等研究工作,对茶树遗传育种研究和生产利用具有重要意义。
【Objective】This article aimed to know the current situation and phenotypic variation of wild tea plant resources in Menghai county,and lay a good foundation for reasonable protection of the rare resources and use it effectively.【Method】Three wild tea plant populations were investigated on site,and the diversity of growth potential,leaf,flower,fruit and biochemical composition of 65 copies wild tea plant were analyzed. 【Result】According to the investigation and statistical analysis,70. 77 % of wild tea plants were growing well. The growth traits were varied greatly for sixty-five wild tea plants,the variation coefficients were above 20 %,and variations range were from 22. 42 %to 56. 24 %,and mean variation coefficient was 40. 71 %. But the variation coefficients were less than 15 % for leaf traits,and variations range were from 8. 20 % to 14. 45 %,and mean variation coefficient was 10. 99 %,and variation range and variations coefficient for leaf areas were larger. The variations range of fruit and flower traits were from 5. 83 % to 15. 43 %,and mean variation coefficient was 10. 32 %,and the variation coefficient of seed diameter was larger and calyx number was smaller. The variations range were from 12. 21 % to 33. 57 %for biochemical composition traits,and mean variation coefficient was 18. 75 %,and the variation coefficient of amino acid was larger and water extract was smaller. There were the same trends which the growth potential,leaf,flower,fruit and biochemical composition of wild tea plants in three populations.【Conclusion】It was concluded that wild tea plants had high genetic diversity in Menghai county,and to strengthen the research on wild tea plant germplasm resources,including conservation,evaluation and utilization had important significance in tea breeding,genetic research and production.
【Objective】This article aimed to know the current situation and phenotypic variation of wild tea plant resources in Menghai county,and lay a good foundation for reasonable protection of the rare resources and use it effectively.【Method】Three wild tea plant populations were investigated on site,and the diversity of growth potential,leaf,flower,fruit and biochemical composition of 65 copies wild tea plant were analyzed. 【Result】According to the investigation and statistical analysis,70. 77 % of wild tea plants were growing well. The growth traits were varied greatly for sixty-five wild tea plants,the variation coefficients were above 20 %,and variations range were from 22. 42 %to 56. 24 %,and mean variation coefficient was 40. 71 %. But the variation coefficients were less than 15 % for leaf traits,and variations range were from 8. 20 % to 14. 45 %,and mean variation coefficient was 10. 99 %,and variation range and variations coefficient for leaf areas were larger. The variations range of fruit and flower traits were from 5. 83 % to 15. 43 %,and mean variation coefficient was 10. 32 %,and the variation coefficient of seed diameter was larger and calyx number was smaller. The variations range were from 12. 21 % to 33. 57 %for biochemical composition traits,and mean variation coefficient was 18. 75 %,and the variation coefficient of amino acid was larger and water extract was smaller. There were the same trends which the growth potential,leaf,flower,fruit and biochemical composition of wild tea plants in three populations.【Conclusion】It was concluded that wild tea plants had high genetic diversity in Menghai county,and to strengthen the research on wild tea plant germplasm resources,including conservation,evaluation and utilization had important significance in tea breeding,genetic research and production.
引文
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[6]郭燕,刘声传,曹雨,等.基于SSR标记贵州古茶树资源的遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(3):491-497.
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[11]蒋会兵,汪云刚,唐一春,等.野生茶树大理茶种质资源现状调查[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(4):1153-1158.
[12]罗向前,李思颖,王家金,等.西双版纳古茶树资源调查[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(1):46-51.
[13]张颖君,杨崇仁,曾恕芬,等.白莺山古茶的化学成分分析与栽培茶树的起源[J].植物分类与资源学报,2010,32(1):77-82.
[14]杨兴荣,矣兵,李友勇,等.野生古茶树资源主要生化成分多样性分析[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(22):133-139.
[15]张顺高.巴达野生大茶树的发现及其意义[J].茶叶通讯,1963(2):55-56.
[16]虞富莲.中国古茶树[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2016.
[17]陈亮,杨亚军,虞富莲.茶树种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[18]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 1312-2007,农作物种质资源鉴定技术规程茶树[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[19]王新超,陈亮,杨亚军.广西茶树资源生化成分多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(3):309-314.
[20]张宏达.茶叶植物资源的订正[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1984(1):1-12.
[21]闵天禄.山茶属茶组植物的订正[J].云南植物研究,1992,14(2):470-477.
[22]陈亮,虞富莲,童启庆.关于茶组植物分类与演化的讨论[J].茶叶科学,2000,20(2):89-94.
[23]马玲,蒋会兵,何青元,等.云南文山州古茶树资源调查和分析[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(8):1732-1738.
[24]蒋会兵,宋维希,矣兵,等.云南茶树种质资源的表型遗传多样性[J].作物学报,2013,39(11):2000-2008.
[2]王平盛,虞富莲.中国野生大茶树的地理分布、多样性及其利用价值[J].茶叶科学,2002,22(2):105-108.
[3]季鹏章,汪云刚,蒋会兵,等.云南大理茶资源遗传多样性的AFLP分析[J].茶叶科学,2009,29(5):329-335.
[4]Zhao D W,Yang J B,Yang S X,et al.Genetic diversity and domestication origin of tea plant Camellia taliensis(Theaceae)as revealed by microsatellite markers[J].BMC Plant Biology,2014,14(1):14.
[5]周萌,李友勇,孙雪梅,等.基于EST-SSR分子标记对香竹箐茶树王的遗传多样性分析[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(2):231-239.
[6]郭燕,刘声传,曹雨,等.基于SSR标记贵州古茶树资源的遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(3):491-497.
[7]虞富莲.论茶树原产地和起源中心[J].茶叶科学,1986,6(1):1-8.
[8]唐一春,宋维希,矣兵,等.低咖啡碱茶树种质资源的鉴定及评价[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(4):1051-1054.
[9]宋维希,刘本英,矣兵,等.云南茶树优异种质资源的鉴定评价与筛选[J].茶叶科学,2011,31(1):45-52.
[10]许玫,王平盛,唐一春,等.中国云南古茶树群落的分布和多样性[J].西南农业学报,2006,19(1):123-126.
[11]蒋会兵,汪云刚,唐一春,等.野生茶树大理茶种质资源现状调查[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(4):1153-1158.
[12]罗向前,李思颖,王家金,等.西双版纳古茶树资源调查[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(1):46-51.
[13]张颖君,杨崇仁,曾恕芬,等.白莺山古茶的化学成分分析与栽培茶树的起源[J].植物分类与资源学报,2010,32(1):77-82.
[14]杨兴荣,矣兵,李友勇,等.野生古茶树资源主要生化成分多样性分析[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(22):133-139.
[15]张顺高.巴达野生大茶树的发现及其意义[J].茶叶通讯,1963(2):55-56.
[16]虞富莲.中国古茶树[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2016.
[17]陈亮,杨亚军,虞富莲.茶树种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[18]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 1312-2007,农作物种质资源鉴定技术规程茶树[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[19]王新超,陈亮,杨亚军.广西茶树资源生化成分多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(3):309-314.
[20]张宏达.茶叶植物资源的订正[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1984(1):1-12.
[21]闵天禄.山茶属茶组植物的订正[J].云南植物研究,1992,14(2):470-477.
[22]陈亮,虞富莲,童启庆.关于茶组植物分类与演化的讨论[J].茶叶科学,2000,20(2):89-94.
[23]马玲,蒋会兵,何青元,等.云南文山州古茶树资源调查和分析[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(8):1732-1738.
[24]蒋会兵,宋维希,矣兵,等.云南茶树种质资源的表型遗传多样性[J].作物学报,2013,39(11):2000-2008.